Annopol is a town in south-eastern

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...

(historic

Lesser Poland Lesser Poland, often known by its Polish name Małopolska ( la, Polonia Minor), is a historical region situated in southern and south-eastern Poland. Its capital and largest city is Kraków. Throughout centuries, Lesser Poland developed a ...

), located in

Kraśnik County __NOTOC__ Kraśnik County ( pl, powiat kraśnicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reform ...

. It has been situated in

Lublin Voivodeship The Lublin Voivodeship, also known as the Lublin Province ( Polish: ''województwo lubelskie'' ), is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in southeastern part of the country. It was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Lublin, C ...

since 1999, having previously been located in Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship (1975–1998). Annopol has an area of , and as of June 2022 it has 2,335 inhabitants.

History

Annopol received

town rights Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. The city law customary in Central Europe probably dates back to Italian models, which in turn were oriented towards the tradition ...

in 1761, lost them in 1870 and regained on 1 January 1996. Its coat of arms shows St. Anna, the patron saint of the town (the name means ''Anna's city'', from

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

''polis''). It owes its picturesque location to the Lesser Polish Gorge of the Vistula. Jews began to settle in the town in the early 1600s. 73% of the town's population was Jewish by 1921. During the

Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...

, a ghetto was created by the

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

s. Jews from nearby villages and smaller towns, as well as from Kalisz and Łódź, were displaced to the Annopol ghetto. Jews from the ghetto were sent to the labor camps in nearby Rachów and Janiszów. The ghetto was liquidated on October 15, 1943 and most of the Jews were murdered at the

Belzec extermination camp Belzec (English: or , Polish: ) was a Nazi German extermination camp built by the SS for the purpose of implementing the secretive Operation Reinhard, the plan to murder all Polish Jews, a major part of the "Final Solution" which in total ...

. The history of Annopol is inextricably linked to that of Annopol-Rachów village close by, often combined as one and the same in written records.Annopol is not to be confused with any one of Annopol towns in the Ukraine, also spelled Hannopil (Аннополь, Ганнопіль) in Vinnyts'ka, Khmel'nyts'ka, Kharkivs'ka and Zhytomyr

Oblast An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...

s. The town in the Yad Vashem listing, Anipoli, may be one of the Ukrainian Annopol towns, quote:

Yiddish Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a ve ...

Anipoli or Hanipol. The town was an important Hassidic study center. The Maggid of Mezritch is buried there as well as Rabbi

Zusha of Hanipol Rabbi Meshulam Zusha of Hanipol or Meshulum Zusil of Anipoli (1718–1800), Reb Zusha, Reb Zushe, The Rebbe Reb Zusha (sometimes spelled Zushye, Zusil, Zoussia, Zušya, Zushya, Zushia, Zisha of Anipoli) was an early Hasidic luminary and well-k ...

(note spelling), who is named after this town. See
About Jewish Annopol
(

Hebrew Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...

) on

Yad Vashem Yad Vashem ( he, יָד וַשֵׁם; literally, "a memorial and a name") is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Jews who were murdered; honoring Jews who fought against th ...

Ghetto A ghetto, often called ''the'' ghetto, is a part of a city in which members of a minority group live, especially as a result of political, social, legal, environmental or economic pressure. Ghettos are often known for being more impoverished ...

Encyclopedia website.

Transport

Annopol does not have a rail station, but the town is placed along national road 74, which goes from

Piotrków Trybunalski Piotrków Trybunalski (; also known by alternative names), often simplified to Piotrków, is a city in central Poland with 71,252 inhabitants (2021). It is the second-largest city situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. Previously, it was the capita ...

to the Ukrainian border at the village of Zosin. Voivodeship roads

824 __NOTOC__ Year 824 ( DCCCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * November 11 – The ''Constitutio Romana'' establishes the authority of the H ...

and 854 also pass through the town. The

Vistula The Vistula (; pl, Wisła, ) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest river in Europe, at in length. The drainage basin, reaching into three other nations, covers , of which is in Poland. The Vistula rises at Barania Góra in ...

river road bridge at Annopol was built in 1967.

Gallery

File:Małopolski przełom wisly.jpg, Bridge over Vistula in Annopol File:Annopol, kosciół drewniany.JPG, Interior of St. Joachim and Anne Church File:Kirkut w Annopolu 11.jpg, Jewish cemetery

References

External links

*
Jewish community of Annopol
on

Virtual Shtetl The Virtual Shtetl ( pl, Wirtualny Sztetl) is a bilingual Polish-English portal of the Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw, devoted to the Jewish history of Poland. History The Virtual Shtetl website was officially launched on June ...

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Annopol Cities and towns in Lublin Voivodeship Holocaust locations in Poland Kraśnik County Lublin Governorate Lublin Voivodeship (1919–1939)