Anglo-French Convention of 1898
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The Anglo-French Convention of 1898, full name the ''Convention between Great Britain and France for the Delimitation of their respective Possessions to the West of the Niger, and of their respective Possessions and Spheres of Influence to the East of that River'', also known as the ''Niger Convention'', was an agreement between Britain and France that concluded the partition of
West Africa West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, M ...
between the
colonial powers Colonialism is a practice or policy of control by one people or power over other people or areas, often by establishing colonies and generally with the aim of economic dominance. In the process of colonisation, colonisers may impose their relig ...
by finally fixing the borders in the disputed areas of
Northern Nigeria Northern Nigeria was an autonomous division within Nigeria, distinctly different from the southern part of the country, with independent customs, foreign relations and security structures. In 1962 it acquired the territory of the British Nort ...
.John M. Carland
The Colonial Office and Nigeria, 1898–1914
Stanford:
Hoover Press The Hoover Institution (officially The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace; abbreviated as Hoover) is an American public policy think tank and research institution that promotes personal and economic liberty, free enterprise, and ...
, 1985, p. 2. It was signed in Paris on 14 June 1898, ratifications were exchanged on 13 June 1899. Article IV of this convention was completed by a declaration signed in London on 21 March 1899 that, after the
Fashoda Incident The Fashoda Incident, also known as the Fashoda Crisis (French: ''Crise de Fachoda''), was an international incident and the climax of imperialist territorial disputes between Britain and France in East Africa, occurring in 1898. A French exped ...
, delimited spheres of influence in northern Central Africa and the Sudan.


See also

* Anglo-French Convention of 1882 * Anglo-French Convention of 1889 *
Entente Cordiale The Entente Cordiale (; ) comprised a series of agreements signed on 8 April 1904 between the United Kingdom and the French Republic which saw a significant improvement in Anglo-French relations. Beyond the immediate concerns of colonial de ...


References


Further reading

*
Correspondance et documents relatifs à la convention franco-anglaise du 14 juin 1898, 1890–1898
'. Paris: Ministère des affaires étrangères /
Imprimerie nationale The Imprimerie nationale (), known also as IN Groupe brand, is a company specialized in the production of secure documents, such as identity cards and passports, and a supplier of public utility identification applications. Owned by the French st ...
, 1899 (Documents diplomatiques) (also o
archive.org
in French and English) *Boniface I. Obichere, ''West African States and European Expansion: The Dahomey-Niger Hinterland, 1885–1898''. New Haven:
Yale University Press Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University. It was founded in 1908 by George Parmly Day, and became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but it remains financially and operationally autonomous. , Yale Universi ...
, 1971, chapter 8 *G. N. Uzoigwe, ''Britain and the Conquest of Africa: The Age of Salisbury''. Ann Arbor:
University of Michigan Press The University of Michigan Press is part of Michigan Publishing at the University of Michigan Library. It publishes 170 new titles each year in the humanities and social sciences. Titles from the press have earned numerous awards, including ...
, 1974, chapters 5 and 6


External links


Text of the 1898 convention
in: ''The Map of Africa by Treaty'', 3rd ed. London:
His Majesty's Stationery Office The Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) is the body responsible for the operation of His Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) and of other public information services of the United Kingdom. The OPSI is part of the National Archives of the Un ...
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Harrison and Sons Harrison and Sons was a major worldwide engraver and printer of postage stamps and banknotes. History The company was established in 1750 by Thomas Harrison in Warwick Lane, London; in 1839 Thomas Richard Harrison entered into partnership with Jo ...
, 1909, vol. 2, pp. 785–793
Text of the 1899 declaration
in: op. cit., pp. 796–797
Map
in: ''Déclaration additionnelle du 21 mars 1899 à la convention franco-anglaise du 14 juin 1898''. Paris: Ministère des affaires étrangères / Imprimerie nationale, 1899 (Documents diplomatiques), n. pag. {{Nigeria-hist-stub Colonial Nigeria France–United Kingdom treaties 1898 in politics Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922) 1898 treaties