Andrew Lang (31 March 1844 – 20 July 1912) was a Scottish poet, novelist,

literary critic Literary criticism (or literary studies) is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often influenced by literary theory, which is the philosophical discussion of literature's goals and methods. ...

, and contributor to the field of

anthropology Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including past human species. Social anthropology studies patterns of be ...

. He is best known as a collector of folk and

fairy tales A fairy tale (alternative names include fairytale, fairy story, magic tale, or wonder tale) is a short story that belongs to the folklore genre. Such stories typically feature magic (paranormal), magic, incantation, enchantments, and mythical ...

. The Andrew Lang lectures at the

University of St Andrews (Aien aristeuein) , motto_lang = grc , mottoeng = Ever to ExcelorEver to be the Best , established = , type = Public research university Ancient university , endowment ...

are named after him.

Biography

Lang was born in 1844 in Selkirk, Scottish Borders. He was the eldest of the eight children born to John Lang, the town clerk of Selkirk, and his wife Jane Plenderleath Sellar, who was the daughter of Patrick Sellar, factor to the first

Duke of Sutherland Duke of Sutherland is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom which was created by William IV in 1833 for George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Marquess of Stafford. A series of marriages to heiresses by members of the Leveson-Gower family made th ...

. On 17 April 1875, he married

Leonora Blanche Alleyne Leonora Blanche "Nora" Lang (''née'' Alleyne; 8 March 1851 – 10 July 1933) was an English author, editor, and translator. She is best known as variously the translator, collaborator and writer of '' The Fairy Books'', a series of 25 collecti ...

, youngest daughter of C. T. Alleyne of Clifton and Barbados. She was (or should have been) variously credited as author, collaborator, or translator of '' Lang's Color/Rainbow Fairy Books'' which he edited. He was educated at Selkirk Grammar School,

Loretto School Loretto School, founded in 1827, is an independent boarding and day school for boys and girls aged 0 to 18. The campus occupies in Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland. History The school was founded by the Reverend Thomas Langhorne in 1827. ...

, and the

Edinburgh Academy The Edinburgh Academy is an independent day school in Edinburgh, Scotland, which was opened in 1824. The original building, on Henderson Row in the city's New Town, is now part of the Senior School. The Junior School is located on Arboretum Ro ...

, as well as the

University of St Andrews (Aien aristeuein) , motto_lang = grc , mottoeng = Ever to ExcelorEver to be the Best , established = , type = Public research university Ancient university , endowment ...

and

Balliol College, Oxford Balliol College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. One of Oxford's oldest colleges, it was founded around 1263 by John I de Balliol, a landowner from Barnard Castle in County Durham, who provided the ...

, where he took a first class in the final classical schools in 1868, becoming a fellow and subsequently honorary fellow of

Merton College Merton College (in full: The House or College of Scholars of Merton in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Its foundation can be traced back to the 1260s when Walter de Merton, ...

. He soon made a reputation as one of the most able and versatile writers of the day as a journalist, poet, critic, and historian. He was a member of the

Order of the White Rose The Order of the White Rose of Finland ( fi, Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunta; sv, Finlands Vita Ros’ orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty, and the Order of the Lion of Finland. ...

, a Neo-Jacobite society which attracted many writers and artists in the 1890s and 1900s. In 1906, he was elected FBA. He died of angina pectoris on 20 July 1912 at the Tor-na-Coille Hotel in Banchory, Banchory, survived by his wife. He was buried in the cathedral precincts at St Andrews, where a monument can be visited in the south-east corner of the 19th century section.

Scholarship

Folklore and anthropology

Lang is now chiefly known for his publications on

folklore Folklore is shared by a particular group of people; it encompasses the traditions common to that culture, subculture or group. This includes oral traditions such as tales, legends, proverbs and jokes. They include material culture, rangin ...

mythology Myth is a folklore genre consisting of narratives that play a fundamental role in a society, such as foundational tales or origin myths. Since "myth" is widely used to imply that a story is not objectively true, the identification of a narra ...

, and

religion Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatur ...

. The interest in folklore was from early life; he read John Ferguson McLennan before coming to Oxford, and then was influenced by

E. B. Tylor Sir Edward Burnett Tylor (2 October 18322 January 1917) was an English anthropologist, and professor of anthropology. Tylor's ideas typify 19th-century cultural evolutionism. In his works ''Primitive Culture'' (1871) and ''Anthropology'' ( ...

. The earliest of his publications is ''Custom and Myth'' (1884). In '' Myth, Ritual and Religion'' (1887) he explained the "irrational" elements of mythology as survivals from more primitive forms. Lang's ''Making of Religion'' was heavily influenced by the 18th century idea of the "

noble savage A noble savage is a literary stock character who embodies the concept of the indigene, outsider, wild human, an " other" who has not been "corrupted" by civilization, and therefore symbolizes humanity's innate goodness. Besides appearing in m ...

": in it, he maintained the existence of high spiritual ideas among so-called "savage" races, drawing parallels with the contemporary interest in occult phenomena in England. His '' Blue Fairy Book'' (1889) was a beautifully produced and illustrated edition of

fairy tale A fairy tale (alternative names include fairytale, fairy story, magic tale, or wonder tale) is a short story that belongs to the folklore genre. Such stories typically feature magic, enchantments, and mythical or fanciful beings. In most cult ...

s that has become a classic. This was followed by many other collections of fairy tales, collectively known as

Andrew Lang's Fairy Books ''The Langs' Fairy Books'' are a series of 25 collections of true and fictional stories for children published between 1889 and 1913 by Andrew Lang and his wife, Leonora Blanche Alleyne. The best known books of the series are the 12 collections ...

despite most of the work for them being done by his wife

and a team of mostly female assistants. In the preface of the Lilac Fairy Book he credits his wife with translating and transcribing most of the stories in the collections. Lang examined the origins of totemism in ''Social Origins'' (1903).

Psychical research

Lang was one of the founders of " psychical research" and his other writings on

include ''The Book of Dreams and Ghosts'' (1897), ''Magic and Religion'' (1901) and ''The Secret of the Totem'' (1905). He served as President of the

Society for Psychical Research The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a nonprofit organisation in the United Kingdom. Its stated purpose is to understand events and abilities commonly described as psychic or paranormal. It describes itself as the "first society to co ...

in 1911. Lang extensively cited nineteenth- and twentieth-century European

spiritualism Spiritualism is the metaphysical school of thought opposing physicalism and also is the category of all spiritual beliefs/views (in monism and dualism) from ancient to modern. In the long nineteenth century, Spiritualism (when not lowercase ...

to challenge the idea of his teacher, Tylor, that belief in spirits and

animism Animism (from Latin: ' meaning ' breath, spirit, life') is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence. Potentially, animism perceives all things— animals, plants, rocks, rivers, weather syst ...

were inherently irrational. Lang used Tylor's work and his own psychical research in an effort to posit an anthropological critique of

materialism Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds matter to be the fundamental substance in nature, and all things, including mental states and consciousness, are results of material interactions. According to philosophical materialis ...

. Andrew Lang fiercely debated with his Folklore Society colleague Edward Clodd over 'Psycho-folklore' a strand of the discipline which aimed to connect folklore with psychical research.

Classical scholarship

He collaborated with S. H. Butcher in a prose translation (1879) of

Homer Homer (; grc, Ὅμηρος , ''Hómēros'') (born ) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'', two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature. Homer is considered one of the ...

's ''

Odyssey The ''Odyssey'' (; grc, Ὀδύσσεια, Odýsseia, ) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is one of the oldest extant works of literature still widely read by modern audiences. As with the '' Iliad'', ...

'', and with E. Myers and Walter Leaf in a prose version (1883) of the ''

Iliad The ''Iliad'' (; grc, Ἰλιάς, Iliás, ; "a poem about Ilium") is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is one of the oldest extant works of literature still widely read by modern audiences. As with the ''Ody ...

'', both still noted for their archaic but attractive style. He was a Homeric scholar of conservative views. Other works include ''Homer and the Study of Greek'' found in ''Essays in Little'' (1891), ''Homer and the Epic'' (1893); a prose translation of ''The Homeric Hymns'' (1899), with literary and mythological essays in which he draws parallels between Greek myths and other mythologies; ''Homer and his Age'' (1906); and "Homer and Anthropology" (1908).

Historian

Lang's writings on Scottish history are characterised by a scholarly care for detail, a piquant literary style, and a gift for disentangling complicated questions. ''The Mystery of Mary Stuart'' (1901) was a consideration of the fresh light thrown on

Mary, Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567. The only surviving legitimate child of James V of S ...

, by the Lennox manuscripts in the University Library,

Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cambridge bec ...

, approving of her and criticising her accusers. He also wrote monographs on ''The Portraits and Jewels of Mary Stuart'' (1906) and '' James VI and the Gowrie Mystery'' (1902). The somewhat unfavourable view of

John Knox John Knox ( gd, Iain Cnocc) (born – 24 November 1572) was a Scottish minister, Reformed theologian, and writer who was a leader of the country's Reformation. He was the founder of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. Born in Giffordgat ...

presented in his book ''John Knox and the Reformation'' (1905) aroused considerable controversy. He gave new information about the continental career of the

Young Pretender Charles Edward Louis John Sylvester Maria Casimir Stuart (20 December 1720 – 30 January 1788) was the elder son of James Francis Edward Stuart, grandson of James II and VII, and the Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland and ...

in ''Pickle the Spy'' (1897), an account of

Alestair Ruadh MacDonnell Alastair Roy MacDonell of Glengarry (ca 1725–1761; Scottish Gaelic: ''Alasdair Ruadh MacDomhnaill'', was the 13th chief of Clan MacDonell of Glengarry. Brought up as a Catholic and largely educated in France, he was arrested in November 1745 on ...

, whom he identified with Pickle, a notorious Hanoverian spy. This was followed by ''The Companions of Pickle'' (1898) and a monograph on Prince Charles Edward (1900). In 1900 he began a ''History of Scotland from the Roman Occupation'' (1900). ''The Valet's Tragedy'' (1903), which takes its title from an essay on Dumas's ''

Man in the Iron Mask The Man in the Iron Mask (French ; died 19 November 1703) was an unidentified prisoner of state during the reign of King Louis XIV of France (1643–1715). Warranted for arrest on 28 July 1669 under the pseudonym of "Eustache Dauger", he wa ...

'', collects twelve papers on historical mysteries, and ''A Monk of Fife'' (1896) is a fictitious narrative purporting to be written by a young Scot in France in 1429–1431.

Other writings

Lang's earliest publication was a volume of metrical experiments, ''The Ballads and Lyrics of Old France'' (1872), and this was followed at intervals by other volumes of dainty verse, ''Ballades in Blue China'' (1880, enlarged edition, 1888), ''Ballads and Verses Vain'' (1884), selected by Mr

Austin Dobson :''This article describes the English racing driver. For the English poet, see Henry Austin Dobson''. Austin Dobson (19 August 1912 in Lodsworth, Sussex – 13 March 1963 in Cuckfield, Sussex) was a racing driver from England. He was the ...

; ''Rhymes à la Mode'' (1884), ''Grass of Parnassus'' (1888), ''Ban and Arrière Ban'' (1894), ''New Collected Rhymes'' (1905). His 1890 collection, ''Old Friends: Essays in Epistolary Parody'', contains letters combining characters from different sources, in what is now known as a

crossover Crossover may refer to: Entertainment Albums and songs * ''Cross Over'' (Dan Peek album) * ''Crossover'' (Dirty Rotten Imbeciles album), 1987 * ''Crossover'' (Intrigue album) * ''Crossover'' (Hitomi Shimatani album) * ''Crossover'' (Yoshino ...

, including one based on

Jane Austen Jane Austen (; 16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique, and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century. Austen's plots of ...

's '' Northanger Abbey'' and

Charlotte Brontë Charlotte Brontë (, commonly ; 21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855) was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters who survived into adulthood and whose novels became classics of English literature. She enlisted i ...

's ''

Jane Eyre ''Jane Eyre'' ( ; originally published as ''Jane Eyre: An Autobiography'') is a novel by the English writer Charlotte Brontë. It was published under her pen name "Currer Bell" on 19 October 1847 by Smith, Elder & Co. of London. The first ...

'' – an early example of a published derivative work based on Austen. Lang was active as a journalist in various ways, ranging from sparkling "leaders" for the ''Daily News'' to miscellaneous articles for the ''Morning Post'', and for many years he was literary editor of ''

Longman's Magazine ''Longman's Magazine'' was first published in November 1882 by C. J. Longman, publisher of Longmans, Green & Co. of London. It superseded '' Fraser's Magazine'' (published 1830 to 1882). A total of 276 monthly issues had been published when the ...

''; no critic was in more request, whether for occasional articles and introductions to new editions or as editor of dainty reprints. He edited ''The Poems and Songs of

Robert Burns Robert Burns (25 January 175921 July 1796), also known familiarly as Rabbie Burns, was a Scottish poet and lyricist. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland and is celebrated worldwide. He is the best known of the poets who hav ...

'' (1896), and was responsible for the ''Life and Letters'' (1897) of JG Lockhart, and ''The Life, Letters and Diaries'' (1890) of Sir Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh. Lang discussed literary subjects with the same humour and acidity that marked his criticism of fellow folklorists, in ''Books and Bookmen'' (1886), ''Letters to Dead Authors'' (1886), ''Letters on Literature'' (1889), etc.

Works

To 1884

* ''St Leonards Magazine''. 1863. This was a reprint of several articles that appeared in the St Leonards Magazine that Lang edited at St Andrews University. Includes the following Lang contributions: Pages 10–13, ''Dawgley Manor; A sentimental burlesque''; Pages 25–26, ''Nugae Catulus''; Pages 27–30, ''Popular Philosophies''; pages 43–50 are Papers by Eminent Contributors, seven short parodies of which six are by Lang. * ''The Ballads and Lyrics of Old France'' (1872) * ''The Odyssey of Homer Rendered into English Prose'' (1879) translator with Samuel Henry Butcher * ''Aristotle's Politics Books I. III. IV. (VII.). The Text of Bekker. With an English translation by W. E. Bolland. Together with short introductory essays by A. Lang'' To page 106 are Lang's Essays, pp. 107–305 are the translation. Lang's essays without the translated text were later published as The Politics of Aristotle. Introductory Essays. 1886. * ''The Folklore of France'' (1878) * ''Specimens of a Translation of Theocritus''. 1879. This was an advance issue of extracts from Theocritus, Bion and Moschus rendered into English prose * ''XXXII Ballades in Blue China'' (1880) * ''Oxford. Brief historical & descriptive notes'' (1880). The 1915 edition of this work was illustrated by painter George Francis Carline. * 'Theocritus Bion and Moschus. Rendered into English Prose with an Introductory Essay.'' 1880. * ''Notes by Mr A. Lang on a collection of pictures by Mr J. E. Millais R.A. exhibited at the Fine Arts Society Rooms. 148 New Bond Street.'' 1881. * '' The Library: with a chapter on modern illustrated books.'' 1881. * ''The Black Thief. A new and original drama (Adapted from the Irish) in four acts.'' (1882) * ''Helen of Troy, her life and translation. Done into rhyme from the Greek books.'' 1882. * ''The Most Pleasant and Delectable Tale of the Marriage of Cupid and Psyche'' (1882) with William Aldington * ''The Iliad of Homer, a prose translation'' (1883) with Walter Leaf and Ernest Myers * ''Custom and Myth'' (1884) * '' The Princess Nobody: A Tale of Fairyland'' (1884) * ''Ballads and Verses Vain'' (1884) selected by

* ''Rhymes à la Mode'' (1884) * ''Much Darker Days. By A. Huge Longway.'' (1884) * ''Household tales; their origin, diffusion, and relations to the higher myths.''

884 __NOTOC__ Year 884 ( DCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * March 1 – Diego Rodríguez Porcelos, count of Castile, founds and repo ...

Separate pre-publication issue of the "introduction" to Bohn's edition of Grimm's Household tales.

1885–1889

* ''That Very Mab'' (1885) with May Kendall
''Books and Bookmen''
(1886) * ''Letters to Dead Authors'' (1886) * ''In the Wrong Paradise'' (1886) stories
''The Mark of Cain''
(1886) novel * ''Lines on the inaugural meeting of the Shelley Society.'' Reprinted for private distribution from the Saturday Review of 13 March 1886 and edited by Thomas Wise (1886) * ''La Mythologie Traduit de L'Anglais par Léon Léon Parmentier. Avec une préface par Charles Michel et des Additions de l'auteur. '' (1886) Never published as a complete book in English, although there was a Polish translation. The first 170 pages is a translation of the article in the 'Encyclopædia Britannica'. The rest is a combination of articles and material from 'Custom and Myth'. * ''Almae matres'' (1887) * ''He'' (1887 with Walter Herries Pollock) parody * ''

Aucassin and Nicolette ''Aucassin et Nicolette'' (12th or 13th century) is an anonymous medieval French fictional story. It is the unique example of a ''chantefable'', literally, a "sung story", a combination of prose and verse (similar to a ''prosimetrum''). History ...

'' (1887) * '' Myth, Ritual and Religion'' (2 vols., 1887) * ''Johnny Nut and the Golden Goose''. Done into English from the French of

Charles Deulin Charles Deulin (1827–1877) was a French writer, theatre critic, and folklorist who is most known for his contemporary adaptations of European folk tales. Among his many stories are " Cambrinus, King of Beer", "The Twelve Dancing Princesses" ...

(1887) * ''Grass of Parnassus. Rhymes old and new''. (1888) * ''Perrault's Popular Tales'' (1888) * ''Gold of Fairnilee'' (1888) * ''Pictures at Play or Dialogues of the Galleries'' (1888) with

W. E. Henley William Ernest Henley (23 August 184911 July 1903) was an English poet, writer, critic and editor. Though he wrote several books of poetry, Henley is remembered most often for his 1875 poem "Invictus". A fixture in London literary circles, the o ...

* '' Prince Prigio'' (1889) * ''

The Blue Fairy Book ''The Langs' Fairy Books'' are a series of 25 collections of true and fictional stories for children published between 1889 and 1913 by Andrew Lang and his wife, Leonora Blanche Alleyne. The best known books of the series are the 12 collections ...

'' (1889) (illustrations by Henry J. Ford)
''Letters on Literature''
(1889)
''Lost Leaders''
(1889) * ''Ode to Golf''. Contribution to On the Links; being Golfing Stories by various hands (1889)
''The Dead Leman and other tales from the French''
(1889) translator with Paul Sylvester

1890–1899

* '' The Red Fairy Book'' (1890) * '' The World's Desire'' (1890) with

H. Rider Haggard Sir Henry Rider Haggard (; 22 June 1856 – 14 May 1925) was an English writer of adventure fiction romances set in exotic locations, predominantly Africa, and a pioneer of the lost world literary genre. He was also involved in land reform t ...

* ''Old Friends: Essays in Epistolary Parody'' (1890) * ''The Strife of Love in a Dream, Being the Elizabethan Version of the First Book of the Hypnerotomachia of Francesco Colonna'' (1890) * ''The Life, Letters and Diaries of Sir Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh'' (1890) * '' Etudes traditionnistes'' (1890) * ''How to Fail in Literature'' (1890) * ''The Blue Poetry Book'' (1891) * ''Essays in Little'' (1891) * ''On Calais Sands'' (1891)
''Angling Sketches''
(1891) * '' The Green Fairy Book'' (1892) * ''The Library with a Chapter on Modern English Illustrated Books'' (1892) with

* ''William Young Sellar'' (1892)
''The True Story Book''
(1893)

(1893) * ''Prince Ricardo of Pantouflia'' (1893) * ''Waverley Novels'' (by Walter Scott), 48 volumes (1893) editor
''St. Andrews''
(1893) * ''Montezuma's Daughter'' (1893) with

* '' Kirk's Secret Commonwealth'' (1893) * ''The Tercentenary of Izaak Walton'' (1893) * '' The Yellow Fairy Book'' (1894) * ''Ban and Arrière Ban'' (1894) * ''Cock Lane and Common-Sense'' (1894)
''Memoir of R. F. Murray''
(1894) * ''The Red True Story Book'' (1895) * ''My Own Fairy Book'' (1895) * ''A Monk of Fife'' (1895) * ''The Voices of Jeanne D'Arc'' (1895) * ''The Animal Story Book'' (1896) * ''The Poems and Songs of Robert Burns'' (1896) editor * ''The Life and Letters of John Gibson Lockhart'' (1896) two volumes * ''Pickle the Spy; or the Incognito of Charles,'' (1897) * ''The Nursery Rhyme Book'' (1897) * ''The Miracles of Madame Saint Katherine of Fierbois'' (1897) translator * ''

The Pink Fairy Book ''The Langs' Fairy Books'' are a series of 25 collections of true and fictional stories for children published between 1889 and 1913 by Andrew Lang and his wife, Leonora Blanche Alleyne. The best known books of the series are the 12 collections ...

'' (1897) * ''A Book of Dreams and Ghosts'' (1897) * ''Pickle the Spy'' (1897) *
''The Companions of Pickle''
(1898) * '' The Arabian Nights Entertainments'' (1898) * ''The Making of Religion'' (1898) * ''Selections from Coleridge'' (1898) * ''Waiting on the Glesca Train'' (1898) * ''The Red Book of Animal Stories'' (1899) * ''Parson Kelly'' (1899) Co-written with

A. E. W. Mason Alfred Edward Woodley Mason (7 May 1865 – 22 November 1948) was an English author and politician. He is best remembered for his 1902 novel of courage and cowardice in wartime, ''The Four Feathers'' and is also known as the creator of Inspect ...

* ''The Homeric Hymns ''(1899) translator * ''The Works of Charles Dickens in Thirty-four Volumes'' (1899) editor

1900–1909

* ''

The Grey Fairy Book ''The Langs' Fairy Books'' are a series of 25 collections of true and fictional stories for children published between 1889 and 1913 by Andrew Lang and his wife, Leonora Blanche Alleyne. The best known books of the series are the 12 collections ...

'' (1900)
''Prince Charles Edward''
(1900)
''Parson Kelly''
(1900) * ''The Poems and Ballads of Sir Walter Scott, Bart'' (1900) editor
''A History of Scotland – From the Roman Occupation''
(1900–1907) four volumes * ''Notes and Names in Books'' (1900)

(1901) * ''Magic and Religion'' (1901) * ''Adventures Among Books'' (1901) * '' The Crimson Fairy Book'' (1903) * ''The Mystery of Mary Stuart'' (1901, new and revised ed., 1904) * ''The Book of Romance'' (1902) * ''The Disentanglers'' (1902) * ''James VI and the Gowrie Mystery'' (1902) * ''Notre-Dame of Paris'' (1902) translator * ''The Young Ruthvens'' (1902) * ''The Gowrie Conspiracy: the Confessions of Sprott'' (1902) editor * ''

The Violet Fairy Book ''The Langs' Fairy Books'' are a series of 25 collections of true and fictional stories for children published between 1889 and 1913 by Andrew Lang and his wife, Leonora Blanche Alleyne. The best known books of the series are the 12 collectio ...

'' (1901) * ''Lyrics'' (1903) * ''Social England Illustrated'' (1903) editor * ''The Story of the Golden Fleece'' (1903) * ''The Valet's Tragedy'' (1903)
''Social Origins''
(1903) with ''Primal Law'' by James Jasper Atkinson * ''The Snowman and Other Fairy Stories'' (1903) * ''Stella Fregelius: A Tale of Three Destinies'' (1903) with

* ''

The Brown Fairy Book ''The Langs' Fairy Books'' are a series of 25 collections of true and fictional stories for children published between 1889 and 1913 by Andrew Lang and his wife, Leonora Blanche Alleyne. The best known books of the series are the 12 collections ...

'' (1904)
''Historical Mysteries''
(1904) * ''The Secret of the Totem'' (1905) * ''New Collected Rhymes'' (1905) * ''John Knox and the Reformation'' (1905)
''The Puzzle of Dickens's Last Plot''
(1905) * ''The Clyde Mystery. A Study in Forgeries and Folklore'' (1905)
''Adventures among Books''
(1905)
''Homer and His Age''
(1906) * '' The Red Romance Book'' (1906) * '' The Orange Fairy Book'' (1906) * ''The Portraits and Jewels of Mary Stuart'' (1906) * ''Life of Sir Walter Scott'' (1906) * ''The Story of Joan of Arc''The Story of Joan of Arc — The Maid of Orleans. By Andrew Lang. Pictures by John Jellicoe.

McLoughlin Brothers McLoughlin Bros., Inc. was a New York publishing firm active between 1858 and 1920. The company was a pioneer in color printing technologies in children's books. The company specialized in retellings or bowdlerizations of classic stories for c ...

, New York, 1906. — 97 p. Online
1

Project Gutenberg Project Gutenberg (PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, as well as to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks." It was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael S. Hart and is the oldest digital libr ...

Internet Archive The Internet Archive is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, ...

(1906) * ''New and Old Letters to Dead Authors'' (1906) * ''Tales of a Fairy Court'' (1907) * '' The Olive Fairy Book'' (1907) * ''Poets' Country'' (1907) editor, with Churton Collins, W. J. Loftie, E. Hartley Coleridge, Michael Macmillan * ''The King over the Water'' (1907) * ''Tales of Troy and Greece'' (1907) * ''The Origins of Religion'' (1908) essays * ''The Book of Princes and Princesses'' (1908) * ''Origins of Terms of Human Relationships'' (1908) * ''Select Poems of Jean Ingelow'' (1908) editor * ''The Maid of France, being the story of the life and death of Jeanne d'Arc'' (1908) * ''Three Poets of French Bohemia'' (1908) * ''The Red Book of Heroes'' (1909) * ''The Marvellous Musician and Other Stories'' (1909) * ''Sir George Mackenzie King's Advocate, of Rosehaugh, His Life and Times'' (1909)

1910–1912

* '' The Lilac Fairy Book'' (1910) * ''Does Ridicule Kill?'' (1910) * ''Sir Walter Scott and the Border Minstrelsy'' (1910)
''The World of Homer''
(1910) * ''The All Sorts of Stories Book'' (1911) * ''Ballades and Rhymes'' (1911) * ''Method in the Study of Totemism'' (1911) * ''The Book of Saints and Heroes'' (1912) * ''Shakespeare, Bacon and the Great Unknown'' (1912)
''A History of English Literature''
(1912) * ''In Praise of Frugality'' (1912) * ''Ode on a Distant Memory of Jane Eyre'' (1912) * ''Ode to the Opening Century'' (1912)

Posthumous

* ''Highways and Byways in The Border'' (1913) with John Lang * ''The Strange Story Book'' (1913) with Mrs. Lang * ''The Poetical Works'' (1923) edited by Mrs. Lang, four volumes * ''Old Friends Among the Fairies: Puss in Boots and Other Stories. Chosen from the Fairy Books'' (1926) * ''Tartan Tales From Andrew Lang'' (1928) edited by Bertha L. Gunterman * ''From Omar Khayyam'' (1935)

Andrew Lang's ''Fairy Books''

Lang selected and edited 25 collections of stories that were published annually, beginning with ''The Blue Fairy Book'' in 1889 and ending with ''The Strange Story Book'' in 1913. They are sometimes called

although the ''Blue Fairy Book'' and other ''Coloured Fairy Books'' are only 12 in the series. In this chronological list the ''Coloured Fairy Books'' alone are numbered. *(1) ''

'' (1889) *(2) '' The Red Fairy Book'' (1890) * ''The Blue Poetry Book'' (1891) *(3) '' The Green Fairy Book'' (1892) * ''The True Story Book'' (1893) *(4) '' The Yellow Fairy Book'' (1894) * ''The Red True Story Book'' (1895) * ''The Animal Story Book'' (1896) *(5) ''

'' (1897) * ''The Arabian Nights' Entertainments'' (1898) * ''The Red Book of Animal Stories'' (1899) *(6) ''

'' (1900) *(7) ''

'' (1901) * ''The Book of Romance'' (1902) *(8) '' The Crimson Fairy Book'' (1903) *(9) ''

'' (1904) * ''The Red Romance Book'' (1905) *(10) '' The Orange Fairy Book'' (1906) *(11) '' The Olive Fairy Book'' (1907) * ''The Book of Princes and Princesses'' (1908) * ''The Red Book of Heroes'' (1909) *(12) '' The Lilac Fairy Book'' (1910) * ''The All Sorts of Stories Book'' (1911) * ''The Book of Saints and Heroes'' (1912) * ''The Strange Story Book'' (1913)

References

Relevant literature

* de Cocq, Antonius P. L. (1968) ''Andrew Lang: A nineteenth century anthropologist'' (Diss. Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands). Tilburg: Zwijsen. * Demoor, Marysa. (1983) Andrew Lang (1844-1912) : late victorian humanist and journalistic critic with a descriptive checklist of the Lang letters. Vols. 1–2. RUG. Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte. * Demoor, Marysa (1987). Andrew Lang’s Letters to Edmund Gosse: The Record of a Fruitful Collaboration as Poets, Critics, and Biographers. ''The Review of English Studies'', 38(152), 492–509. * Lang, Andrew.(1989) “Friends over the Ocean: Andrew Lang’s American Correspondents, 1881-1921.” Edited by Marysa Demoor. Werken / Uitgegeven Door de Faculteit van de Letteren En Wijsbegegeerte, Rijksuniversiteit. Gent: Universa. * Lang, Andrew. (1990)''Dear Stevenson: Letters from Andrew Lang to Robert Louis Stevenson with Five Letters from Stevenson to Lang''. Edited by Marysa Demoor. Leuven: Peeters. * Green, Roger Lancelyn. (1946) ''Andrew Lang: A critical biography with a short-title bibliography''. Leicester: Ward. * Lang, Andrew. 2015. ''The Edinburgh Critical Edition of the Selected Writings of Andrew Lang'', Volume I. Edited by Andrew Teverson, Alexandra Warwick, and Leigh Wilson. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 456 pages. (hard cover). * Lang, Andrew. 2015. ''The Edinburgh Critical Edition of the Selected Writings of Andrew Lang'', Volume II. Edited by Andrew Teverson, Alexandra Warwick, and Leigh Wilson. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 416 pages. (hard cover).

External links

* * * * * *
Andrew Lang Fairy Tale Books

A Monk of Fife Complete Book Online
* Andrew Lang
The Making of Religion
Longmans, Green and Co., 1909. (1889–90 Gifford Lectures) * Andrew Lang
Letters to Dead Authors
transcribed from the 1886 Longman's edition. * Andrew Lang

Marian Roalfe Cox Marian Roalfe Cox (1860–1916) was an English folklorist who pioneered studies in Morphology for the fairy tale ''Cinderella''. In 1893, after being commissioned by the Folklore Society of Britain, she produced ''Cinderella: Three Hundred and Fo ...

's ''

Cinderella "Cinderella",; french: link=no, Cendrillon; german: link=no, Aschenputtel) or "The Little Glass Slipper", is a folk tale with thousands of variants throughout the world.Dundes, Alan. Cinderella, a Casebook. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsi ...

: Three Hundred and Forty-Five Variants of Cinderella, Catskin and,

Cap O' Rushes "Cap-o'-Rushes" is an English fairy tale published by Joseph Jacobs in ''English Fairy Tales''. Jacobs gives his source as "Contributed by Mrs. Walter-Thomas to "Suffolk Notes and Queries" of the ''Ipswich Journal'', published by Mr. Lang in ''Lon ...

, Abstracted and Tabulated with a Discussion of Medieval Analogues and Notes''. * * * * * * * * * * *
andrewlangessays.com
Japanese * Andrew Lang Collection. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University. {{DEFAULTSORT:Lang, Andrew 1844 births 1912 deaths Alumni of the University of St Andrews Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford Collectors of fairy tales Fellows of Merton College, Oxford Parapsychologists People from Selkirk, Scottish Borders Scottish children's writers Scottish folklorists 20th-century Scottish historians Scottish journalists Scottish novelists Scottish poets 19th-century Scottish historians Victorian poets People educated at Selkirk High School Victorian novelists 19th-century Scottish writers 20th-century Scottish writers People educated at Loretto School, Musselburgh People educated at Edinburgh Academy Folklore writers Fellows of the British Academy Neo-Jacobite Revival Translators of Homer Presidents of the Folklore Society