''Anadenanthera'' is a genus of

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sout ...

n trees in the Legume family, Fabaceae. The genus contains two to four species, including '' A. colubrina'' and '' A. peregrina''. These trees respectively are known to the western world primarily as sources of the

hallucinogenic Hallucinogens are a large, diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes. Most hallucinogens can be categorized ...

snuffs vilca/cebil and yopo/cohoba. The main active constituent of ''Anadenanthera'' is

bufotenin Bufotenin (5-HO-DMT, bufotenine) is a tryptamine derivative - more specifically, a DMT derivative - related to the neurotransmitter serotonin. It is an alkaloid found in some species of toads (especially the skin), mushrooms and plants. ...

Species

*''

Anadenanthera colubrina ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' (also known as vilca, huilco, huilca, wilco, willka, curupay, curupau, cebil, or angico) is a South American tree closely related to yopo, or ''Anadenanthera peregrina''. It grows to tall and the trunk is very thorn ...

'' ** ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil'' ** ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''colubrina'' *'' Anadenanthera peregrina'' ** ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' var. ''falcata'' ** ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' var. ''peregrina''

Chemical compounds

Chemical compound A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element ...

s contained in ''Anadenanthera'' include: * 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, barkAnadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America By Constantino Manuel Torres, David B. Repke
/ref> * Serotonin * N-Methyl-serotonin *5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine, bark *

Bufotenin Bufotenin (5-HO-DMT, bufotenine) is a tryptamine derivative - more specifically, a DMT derivative - related to the neurotransmitter serotonin. It is an alkaloid found in some species of toads (especially the skin), mushrooms and plants. ...

, seeds, bark *Bufotenine

N-oxide In chemistry, an amine oxide, also known as an amine ''N''-oxide or simply ''N''-oxide, is a chemical compound that contains the functional group , a nitrogen-oxygen coordinate covalent bond with three additional hydrogen and/or substituent-grou ...

, seeds *N,N-

Dimethyltryptamine ''N'',''N''-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT or ''N'',''N''-DMT, SPL026) is a substituted tryptamine that occurs in many plants and animals, including human beings, and which is both a derivative and a structural analog of tryptamine. It is used as a ...

, seeds, pods, bark *N,N-Dimethyltryptamine-N-oxide, Seeds *N- Methyltryptamine, bark *2-Methyl-6-methoxy-1,2,3-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido ,4-bndole *2-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido ,4-bndole *1,2-Dimethyl-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido ,4-bndole

References

Notes

General references

* Constantino Torres - Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of South America (2006) *

Jonathan Ott Jonathan Ott (born 1949 in Hartford, Connecticut) is an ethnobotanist, writer, translator, publisher, natural products chemist and botanical researcher in the area of entheogens and their cultural and historical uses, and helped coin the term "' ...

- Shamanic Snuffs or Entheogenic Errhines (2001) * Richard Evans Schultes - Plants of the Gods (1992) *Patricia J. Knobloch - Wari Ritual Power at Conchopata: An Interpretation of Anadenanthera Colubrina Iconography. Latin American Antiquity 11(4), 2000, pp. 387–402. *https://web.archive.org/web/20060904021306/http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=78 *Juan P. Ogalde, Bernardo T. Arriaza, and Elia C. Soto - Uso de plantas psicoactivas en el north de Chile: evidencia química del consumo de ayahuasca durante el periodo medio (500-1000 d.C.). Latin American Antiquity 21(4), 2010, pp 441–450.

External links

Society of Ethnobotanical Studies and Modified States of Consciousness

* ttps://books.google.com/books?id=cMSFT5K3C9wC&pg=PA121&dq=acacia+alkaloids&sig=--zI-ThP1jSuZlgXlfXhKMG0MCU#PPA102,M1 Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America {{Taxonbar, from=Q2439787 Neotropical realm flora Psychedelic tryptamine carriers Entheogens Herbal and fungal hallucinogens Taxa named by Carlo Luigi Spegazzini Fabaceae genera