Ana Margarida Costa Arruda dos Santos Gonçalves (born in 1955) is a Portuguese historian and archaeologist specialized in

Phoenicia Phoenicia () was an ancient thalassocratic civilization originating in the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon. The territory of the Phoenician city-states extended and shrank throughout their histor ...

Punic The Punic people, or western Phoenicians, were a Semitic people in the Western Mediterranean who migrated from Tyre, Phoenicia to North Africa during the Early Iron Age. In modern scholarship, the term ''Punic'' – the Latin equivalent of t ...

archaeology.

Biography

Ana Margarida Arruda graduated in

History History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...

in 1978, from the Faculty of Letters of the

University of Lisbon The University of Lisbon (ULisboa; pt, Universidade de Lisboa, ) is a public research university in Lisbon, and the largest university in Portugal. It was founded in 2013, from the merger of two previous public universities located in Lisbon, th ...

. She earned her PhD in

Archaeology Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landsca ...

in 2000 from the same university, where she is working as researcher and professor since 1993. Arruda has collaborated with several universities including the Universidad Complutense of Madrid, the University of Seville or the University Pompeu i Fabra of

Barcelona Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...

in Spain and the universities of

Toulouse Toulouse ( , ; oc, Tolosa ) is the prefecture of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the larger region of Occitania. The city is on the banks of the River Garonne, from the Mediterranean Sea, from the Atlantic Ocean and from Pa ...

and of Paris 1 in France. Arruda has participated and studied in depth most of the archaeological excavations related to the

n colonisation of Portugal, like the former coastal sites of Santa Olaia, Abul, Alcaçova de Santarém, Castle of Castro Marim,

Conímbriga Conímbriga is one of the largest Roman settlements excavated in Portugal, and was classified as a National Monument in 1910. Located in the civil parish of Condeixa-a-Velha e Condeixa-a-Nova, in the municipality of Condeixa-a-Nova, it is situate ...

Setúbal Setúbal (, , ; cel-x-proto, Caetobrix) is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The population in 2014 was 118,166, occupying an area of . The city itself had 89,303 inhabitants in 2001. It lies within the Lisbon metropolitan area. In the ti ...

, among others. Arruda has demonstrated that the Phoenician presence in Portugal, mainly along its coast, started in the I millennium before Christ. She evidenced the greater antiquity of the archaeological sites of Santarém and

with regard to the ones of Santa Olaia and Abul. She posits that the main interest of the Phoenicians for this region of the Iberian Peninsula was to develop trade, without discarding possible Phoenician interest for its native metallurgical technology. She do not discard the theory of the Spanish scholars Francisco José Moreno Arrastio and Fernando López Pardo that Phoenicians were also interested the slave trade. However she disagreed with the theory that agriculture was the main reason for the Phoenician colonisation of Portugal as proposed by Carlos González Wagner and Jaime Alvar Ezquerra.

Bibliography

* Arruda, Ana Margarida (2000) – Los fenicios en Portugal: fenicios y mundo indígena en el centro y sur de Portugal. Barcelona: Cuadernos de Estudios Mediterráneos. * Arruda, Ana Margarida (1988/89) – Conímbriga: Escavações de 1988–89. 1. Algumas precisões sobre a cronologia do "Bairro Indígena". Portugália. Porto: Instituto de Arqueologia da Faculdade de Letras de Universidade do Porto, Nova séria, 9-10, p. 93-100. * Arruda, Ana Margarida (1993) – Conímbriga. In Medina, J. (Dir.) História de Portugal. Amadora: Ediclube, vol. 2, p. 263-274. * Arruda, Ana Margarida (1997) – Conímbriga: fouilles de 1988–89. 2. Les travaux sur le Forum. In Itinéraires Lusitaniens. Trente années de collaboration archéologique luso-française. Bordéus: Diffusion E. de Boccard, p. 13- 33. * Arruda, Ana Margarida (1988) – Nota acerca da ocupação romana républicana do Castelo de Castro Marim. In Actas do 5º Congresso sobre o Algarve (Montechorro,1988), vol I, Silves, Racal Clube, p 13–17. * Arruda, Ana Margarida (1995) – Panorama das importações áticas em Portugal. Huelva Arqueológica (Actas do Simpósio: Iberos y Griegos: Lecturas desde la diversidad. Ampúrias, 1991). Huelva: Diputacion Provincial de Huelva, 13, 1, p. 129-154. * Arruda, Ana Margarida (1996) – O Castelo de Castro Marim. In De Ulisses a Viriato. O Primeiro Milénio A.C. Lisboa: Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, p. 95-100. * Arruda, Ana Margarida (1997) – As Cerâmicas Áticas do Castelo de Castro Marim. Lisboa, Colibri, p 109–145. * Arruda, Ana Margarida (2000) - As cerâmicas de importação do Castelo de Castro Marim: no âmbito do comércio ocidental dos séculos V a II a.c.. In actas do IV Congresso Internacional de estudios Fenicios y Púnicos, Cadiz, Universidad de Cadiz, p. 727-735. * Arruda, Ana Margarida (2001) - Importações púnicas no Algarve: cronologia e significado. In Os Púnicos no Extremo Ocidente (Actas do colóquio Internacional- Outubro de 2000). Lisboa: Universidade Aberta, p. 69-98. * Arruda, Ana Margarida (2003) – A Idade do Ferro no Castelo de Castro Marim através das importações cerâmicas. Xelb (Actas do "Congresso Arqueologia no Algarve").Silves: Câmara Municipal de Silves, 4, p. 70-88. * Arruda, Ana Margarida – Orientalizante e Pós-orientalizante no sudoeste peninsular: geografias e cronologias. In Actas do Congreso de Protohistoria del Mediterráneo Occidental. Mérida. Maio de 2003. * Arruda, Ana Margarida – Os recursos marítimos na economia da Idade do Ferro do Sul de Portugal. In Actas da I Conferência Internacional sobre la historia de la pesca en el ámbito del estrecho. * Arruda, Ana Margarida, Freitas, V. e Oliveira, C. - Os Fenícios e a urbanização no Extremo Ocidente: o caso de Castro Marim. Actas do III Colóquio del Internacional del centro de Estudios Fenicios y punicos: Las ciudades fenicio-punicas en el Mediterráneo Occidental. (en colab. Con Vera Teixeira de Freitas e Carlos Filipe Oliveira). * Arruda, Ana Margarida, Viegas, C., Bargão, P. y Pereira, R. - Importação de preparados de peixe em Castro Marim: da Idade do Ferro à época romana. In Actas do colóquio internacional de Homenagem a Françoise Mayet.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arruda, Ana Margarida University of Lisbon alumni Portuguese archaeologists Portuguese women academics Academic staff of the University of Lisbon Portuguese women archaeologists 1955 births Living people