Amylocorticiales is an order of

fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ...

in the class Agaricomycetes. The order was circumscribed in 2010 to contain mostly resupinate (crust-like) forms that have been referred to genera '' Anomoporia'', ''

Amyloathelia ''Amyloathelia'' is a genus of fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are c ...

'', '' Amylocorticiellum'', '' Amylocorticium'', '' Amyloxenasma'', '' Anomoloma'', '' Athelia'', '' Athelopsis'', '' Ceraceomyces'', '' Hypochniciellum'', '' Leptosporomyces'' and '' Serpulomyces''.

Phylogenetics

The order contains one of three assemblages of basal lineages of

Agaricomycetidae Agaricomycetidae is a subclass of fungi, in the division Basidiomycota. The name Agaricomycetidae had previously been named by Marcel Locquin in 1984, but his publication did not contain a Latin diagnosis and it is therefore invalid under the ...

that contain

corticioid fungi The corticioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having effused, smooth basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the undersides of dead tree trunks or branches. They are sometimes colloquially called crust fungi or pa ...

; the others are the

Jaapiales ''Jaapia'' is a genus in the monotypic family Jaapiaceae and order Jaapiales. The genus was first described by Italian mycologist Giacomo Bresadola in 1911, and contains two widely distributed species, '' J. argillacea'' and '' J. ochro ...

and the Atheliales. Although several molecular studies have confirmed the placement of the Amylocorticiales in the Agaricomycetidae, its relationship with other higher-level taxa is not known precisely. Depending on the loci used for analysis, the order is supported as sister group to the Agaricales, or as sister to a clade that contains the Agaricales,

Boletales The Boletales are an order of Agaricomycetes containing over 1300 species with a diverse array of fruiting body types. The boletes are the best known members of this group, and until recently, the Boletales were thought to only contain boletes. ...

and Atheliales.

Description

Species in the Amylocorticiales form

fruit bodies The sporocarp (also known as fruiting body, fruit body or fruitbody) of fungi is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruitbody is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cyc ...

that are effused (stretched out flat like a film-like growth), effused-reflexed (stretched out but with edges curled up) to almost pileate (with a

cap A cap is a flat headgear, usually with a visor. Caps have crowns that fit very close to the head. They made their first appearance as early as 3200 BC. Caps typically have a visor, or no brim at all. They are popular in casual and informal se ...

), or stipitate (with a stipe). They have smooth

hymenophore A hymenophore refers to the hymenium-bearing structure of a fungal fruiting body. Hymenophores can be smooth surfaces, lamellae Lamella (plural lamellae) means a small plate or flake in Latin, and in English may refer to: Biology * Lamella (myc ...

s that can be either merulioid (wrinkled with low, uneven ridges), irpicoid (with "teeth") or poroid (with pores). The hyphal system is monomitic (containing only generative hyphae) and all hyphae are nodose-septate (with nodes and

septa The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) is a regional public transportation authority that operates bus, rapid transit, commuter rail, light rail, and electric trolleybus services for nearly 4 million people in five c ...

). The

cystidia A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that ar ...

are rare and when present, are tube-like and often nodose-septate. The

basidia A basidium () is a microscopic sporangium (a spore-producing structure) found on the hymenophore of fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi which are also called tertiary mycelium, developed from secondary mycelium. Tertiary mycelium is highly- ...

( spore-bearing cells) are mostly terminal but in one genus borne laterally on horizontal hyphae (pleurobasidia), invariably producing four spores. The

basidiospore A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by Basidiomycete fungi, a grouping that includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis, and they are ...

s are smooth, thin-walled or thick-walled, ellipsoid, cylindrical or allantoid (sausage-shaped), in most species

amyloid Amyloids are aggregates of proteins characterised by a fibrillar morphology of 7–13 nm in diameter, a beta sheet (β-sheet) secondary structure (known as cross-β) and ability to be stained by particular dyes, such as Congo red. In the huma ...

. Taxa that do not exhibit amyloid reactions include '' Ceraceomyces'', '' Podoserpula'', '' Serpulomyces'' and '' Leptosporomyces septentrionalis''. Species are

saprobic Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter. It occurs in saprotrophs, and is most often associated with fungi ( ...

on decaying wood or as plant

parasites Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson ha ...

. Amylocorticiales typically cause brown rot or white rot.

Genera

'' Podoserpula pusio'' is an exception to the typically resupinate fruit body form characteristic of the Amylocorticiales. *'' Anomoporia'' *''

'' *'' Amylocorticiellum'' *'' Amylocorticium'' *'' Amyloxenasma'' *'' Anomoloma'' *'' Athelopsis'' *'' Ceraceomyces'' *'' Hypochniciellum'' *'' Irpicodon'' *'' Leptosporomyces'' *'' Plicaturopsis'' *'' Podoserpula'' *'' Serpulomyces''

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from1=Q15628835, from2=Q2844593 Basidiomycota orders