Amy B. Smith
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{{Infobox scientist , name = Amy B. Smith , image = , image_size = , alt = , caption = , birth_date = {{Birth date and age, 1962, 11, 04, mf=y , birth_place =
Lexington, Massachusetts Lexington is a suburban town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is 10 miles (16 km) from Downtown Boston. The population was 34,454 as of the 2020 census. The area was originally inhabited by Native Americans, and was firs ...
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Peace Corps The Peace Corps is an independent agency and program of the United States government that trains and deploys volunteers to provide international development assistance. It was established in March 1961 by an executive order of President John F ...
, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , alma_mater =
Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of the ...
, thesis_title = , thesis_url = , thesis_year = , doctoral_advisor = , academic_advisors = , doctoral_students = , notable_students = , known_for = , author_abbrev_bot = , author_abbrev_zoo = , influences = , influenced = , awards =
MacArthur Fellowship The MacArthur Fellows Program, also known as the MacArthur Fellowship and commonly but unofficially known as the "Genius Grant", is a prize awarded annually by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation typically to between 20 and 30 indi ...
, signature = , signature_alt = , website = , footnotes = , spouse = Amy Smith (born November 4, 1962){{unreliable source?, date=May 2018 is an American inventor, educator, and founder of the MIT D-Lab and senior lecturer of mechanical engineering at
MIT The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of the m ...
.


Early life and education

Smith was born in
Lexington, Massachusetts Lexington is a suburban town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is 10 miles (16 km) from Downtown Boston. The population was 34,454 as of the 2020 census. The area was originally inhabited by Native Americans, and was firs ...
.{{cite web, url=http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/itg/Health/participant.htm, website=cyber.law.harvard.edu, title=eHealth in Developing Countries, access-date=May 31, 2019 Her father, Arthur Smith, was an electrical engineering professor at MIT. Arthur Smith took his family to India for a year when Amy was growing up while he worked at a university there. "I think that set a lot of things in motion for her. It's very different from growing up in a Boston suburb", he said."Technology as a form of altruism"
by Roberta Holland, ''Boston Business Journal'', February 25, 2000
Smith says that being exposed to severe poverty as a child made her want to do something to help kids around the world.
{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923170716/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/interview-smith.html?c=y&page=2 , date=September 23, 2009 by Amy Crawford, ''Smithsonian'' magazine, September 1, 2006
"Living in India is something that stayed with me—I could put faces on the kids who had so little money." Smith received her bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from MIT in 1984. Smith returned to MIT after the Peace Corps to get her master's degree in mechanical engineering.


Peace Corps service

Smith joined the
Peace Corps The Peace Corps is an independent agency and program of the United States government that trains and deploys volunteers to provide international development assistance. It was established in March 1961 by an executive order of President John F ...
serving four years as a volunteer in
Botswana Botswana (, ), officially the Republic of Botswana ( tn, Lefatshe la Botswana, label= Setswana, ), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kalaha ...
. During her Peace Corps service she was struck by the fact that "the most needy are often the least empowered to invent solutions to their problems.""A MacGyver for the Third World"
{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104080230/http://www.namibian.com.na/2004/october/world/04732B289F.html , date=January 4, 2006 by Kari Lynn Dean, ''World News'', October 22, 2004
While she was serving in the middle of the
Kalahari Desert The Kalahari Desert is a large semi-arid sandy savanna in Southern Africa extending for , covering much of Botswana, and parts of Namibia and South Africa. It is not to be confused with the Angolan, Namibian, and South African Namib coastal d ...
, she decided what she wanted to do with the rest of her life. "At one point I had sort of an epiphany, sitting at my desk looking out over the bush, when I realized I wanted to do engineering for developing countries", Smith said. "In Botswana, I was teaching and then working for the ministry of agriculture as a beekeeper, and I remember thinking to myself that I really liked doing development work, but I wished could do some engineering too, because I like creative problem solving", says Smith. "People in the developing world scrape every last ounce of life that they can out of objects, and my students used to bring me things to fix, and I always enjoyed being able to do that."


Academic career

She is a senior lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at
MIT The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of the m ...
specializing in engineering design and
appropriate technology Appropriate technology is a movement (and its manifestations) encompassing technological choice and application that is small-scale, affordable by locals, decentralized, labor-intensive, energy-efficient, environmentally sustainable, and loca ...
for developing countries. She founded th
MIT D-Lab
program, which works with people around the world to develop and advance collaborative approaches and practical solutions to global poverty challenges. D-Lab's mission is pursued through an academics program of more than 20 MIT courses and student research and fieldwork opportunities; research groups spanning a variety of sectors and approaches; and a group of participatory innovation programs they call innovation practice. She also co-founded Innovations in International Health to facilitate collaboration among researchers around the world to develop medical technologies for resource-poor settings. She teaches the courses SP.721/11.025: D-Lab: Development and SP.722/2.722: D-Lab Design. She has taught in the past 2.72: Elements of Mechanical Design. Smith encourages women to become engineers although she dislikes being referred to as a woman engineer. "Actually, because my class involves humanitarian engineering, I very rarely have more men than women. There have been times where there have been ten women and one man. This isn't surprising, given that women often want to see an application to what they're learning that they feel is worthwhile", says Smith. "But I'm not involved in any particular projects to encourage women engineers, because I dislike being referred to as a woman engineer. I don't like programs that single out woman engineers as particular achievers just for being women. I think that it should be coincidental."


Inventions

Smith's designs include the
screenless hammer mill The screenless hammer mill, like regular hammer mills, is used to pound grain. However, rather than a screen, it uses air flow to separate small particles from larger ones. Conventional hammer mills in poor and remote areas, such as many parts of ...
and the phase-change incubator, and she is also involved with the application of the Malian peanut sheller in Africa.{{cite web, url=http://fullbellyblog.blogspot.com/2006/02/mit-report-amy-smith-in-ghana.html, website=fullbellyblog.blogspot.com, title=2006/02/mit-report-amy-smith-in-ghana, access-date=May 31, 2019 She is also one of the founders of the popular MIT IDEAS Competition. In 2000 Smith won the Lemelson-MIT Student Prize that honors inventors who are also good role models.


Motorized hammermill

{{main, Screenless hammer mill Smith invented a motorized hammermill that converts grain into flour which she successfully tested in Senegal. The problem with other motor-driven mills is that the screen that filters out rocks and coins could not be made locally and it could take several months to get a new screen. Smith's mill sifted out finished flour aerodynamically using a simpler design that could be manufactured locally by village blacksmiths. "It's nice when looking at things differently is a good thing, and not something where you get zero credit on a problem", Smith said. Smith planned to use some of the prize money from the $30,000 Lemelson-MIT Student Prize to produce and distribute the mills.


Phase change incubator

{{main, Phase-change incubator Smith worked on an incubator that requires no electricity. The device was originally designed to diagnose sexually transmitted diseases. The phase change incubator won the 1999 B.F. Goodrich Collegiate Inventor's Award for $20,000. Smith planned to start a company around the incubator. "I'm not a person who likes money, so whether it makes a profit is neither here nor there", Smith said. "I didn't want to be in the position of closing down the product because it wasn't making money. That's not the point of the product."


Cornsheller

{{Main, Universal nut sheller With other members of D-Lab and community partners, Smith has developed a small, easy-to-make cornsheller "for removing the dried kernels from an ear of corn. The corn sheller can be either cast in aluminum or made from a sheet of metal."{{cite web, url=http://d-lab.mit.edu/resources, title=Resources | MIT D-Lab, website=d-lab.mit.edu, access-date=May 31, 2019 More information on the cornsheller including instructions on how to make it are available under a Creative Commons License at th
D-Lab Resources page


IDEAS competition

Smith co-founded the MIT IDEAS Competition where teams of student engineers design projects to make life easier in the developing world. "Some of the IDEAS competition winners have been very successful", says Smith. "The compound water filter, which removes arsenic and pathogens, is now deployed quite extensively in Nepal. The Kinkajou microfilm projector, used in nighttime literacy classes, is being deployed in Mali. We're working to commercialize a system for testing water for potability. It's in the field in several countries, but not on a widespread basis. We're looking towards doing a trial of aerosol vaccines in Pakistan, so that's exciting."


International Development Design Summit

{{main, International Development Design Summit Smith is one of the lead organizers of the International Development Design Summit (IDDS), held annually to study problems in the developing world and create real, workable solutions to them. "I believe very strongly that solutions to problems in the developing world are best created in collaboration with the people who will be using them", Smith said. "By bringing this group of people together, we get an incredibly broad range of backgrounds and experiences."
by Heather Manning, ''MIT News'', July 13, 2007.]
''
WorldChanging Worldchanging was a nonprofit online publisher that operated from 2003 to 2010. Its strapline was ''A bright green future''. It published newsletters and books about sustainability, bright green environmentalism, futurism and social innovation. ...
'' reported on August 14, 2007 that the results from the first International Development Design Summit had been very positive with end products including an off-grid refrigeration unit tailored for rural areas using an evaporative cooling method to store perishable food and a low-cost greenhouse from recycled and widely available materials."South-South Design Flourishes at MIT Summit"
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070826185714/http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/007106.html , date=August 26, 2007 by Jonathon Greenblatt, ''World Changing''. August 14, 2007
More information on projects from IDDS can be found
here Here is an adverb that means "in, on, or at this place". It may also refer to: Software * Here Technologies, a mapping company * Here WeGo (formerly Here Maps), a mobile app and map website by Here Technologies, Here Television * Here TV (form ...
.


Rethink Relief Design Workshop

Smith was instrumental in creating the Rethink Relief Design Workshop in 2011. Rethink Relief is "dedicated to creating technologies for humanitarian relief that specifically address the gap between short-term relief and long-term sustainable development."{{cite web, title=Rethink Relief - About, url=http://www.rethinkrelief.com/wordpress/?page_id=64, access-date=May 27, 2012 The workshop was co-organized in October 2011 by industrial design faculty at the
Delft University of Technology Delft University of Technology ( nl, Technische Universiteit Delft), also known as TU Delft, is the oldest and largest Dutch public technical university, located in Delft, Netherlands. As of 2022 it is ranked by QS World University Rankings among ...
and the D-Lab of MIT. It brought together 26 people to explore the differences in thinking by relief organizations, development organizations, and designers. Groups worked throughout a week to create concepts and prototypes to address challenges in relief work. These addressed clean water availability, re-purposing of aid materials, transportation challenges, and first aid supply logistics.{{cite web, title=Rethink Relief Projects, url=http://www.rethinkrelief.com/wordpress/?page_id=2, access-date=May 27, 2012, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503104829/http://www.rethinkrelief.com/wordpress/?page_id=2, archive-date=May 3, 2013, url-status=dead, df=mdy-all


Creative Capacity Building

Smith and colleagues at D-Lab have been working on a new type of curriculum - Creative Capacity Building or CCB. The purpose of CCB is to place "the expertise in the village instead of at MIT."{{cite web, url=http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2011/d-lab-0506.html, title=In the World: Cultivating creativity | MIT News, website=web.mit.edu, access-date=May 31, 2019 The CCB curriculum teaches the design process without expecting strong literacy or other academic training. The goal is individuals, groups and communities who are able to not only articulate their needs but to design and build solutions.


Awards

* Collegiate Inventors Award, 1999 (for the phase-change incubator) * First woman to win the Lemelson-MIT Student Prize, in 2000. *
MacArthur Fellowship The MacArthur Fellows Program, also known as the MacArthur Fellowship and commonly but unofficially known as the "Genius Grant", is a prize awarded annually by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation typically to between 20 and 30 indi ...
, 2004–2009.{{Cite web, url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/747/, title=Amy Smith - MacArthur Foundation, website=www.macfound.org, language=en, access-date=August 12, 2018 * ''
Time Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, ...
'' magazine named Amy Smith one of their ''Time'' 100 Most Influential People for 2010 in the Thinkers category


References

{{Reflist, 35em


Further reading

*{{cite web , title=Amy B. Smith , url=https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/amy-b-smith , website=Lemelson-MIT


External links


D-Lab website

IDIN website


''Time'' magazine

Describes some other inventions (including a technology for diagnosing tuberculosis, and a clamp to regulate intravenous drips), as at February 2000.

''New York Times''

''
Wired ''Wired'' (stylized as ''WIRED'') is a monthly American magazine, published in print and online editions, that focuses on how emerging technologies affect culture, the economy, and politics. Owned by Condé Nast, it is headquartered in San ...
'' article
"Design that Matters"
article on the MIT website



* ttp://fullbellyblog.blogspot.com/2006/02/mit-report-amy-smith-in-ghana.html MIT Report: Amy Smith in GhanaFull Belly Blog entry, February 2, 2006 * {{TED speaker *
Video
of Amy Smith discussing her inventions including eco-friendly charcoal and a laboratory incubator which doesn't require electricity. Presented at the
TED Conference TED Conferences, LLC (Technology, Entertainment, Design) is an American-Canadian non-profit media organization that posts international talks online for free distribution under the slogan "ideas worth spreading". TED was founded by Richard Sau ...
(February 2006) Monterey, CA. Duration 15:48
Amy's outdated home page
{{Authority control {{DEFAULTSORT:Smith, Amy B. Appropriate technology advocates 1962 births Living people MacArthur Fellows MIT School of Engineering faculty Development specialists Pew Fellows in the Arts Women inventors MIT School of Engineering alumni