British history provides several opportunities for alternative claimants to the

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

and later British Crown to arise, and historical scholars have on occasion traced to present times the heirs of those alternative claims. Throughout this article, the names of "would-have-been" monarchs are in ''italics''.

Abdication of Richard II

Richard II abdicated in favour of

Henry Bolingbroke Henry IV ( April 1367 – 20 March 1413), also known as Henry Bolingbroke, was King of England from 1399 to 1413. He asserted the claim of his grandfather King Edward III, a maternal grandson of Philip IV of France, to the Kingdom of Fran ...

on 29 September 1399. However, Henry was not next in the line to the throne; the heir presumptive was Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, who descended from Edward III's second surviving son,

Lionel of Antwerp Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, (; 29 November 133817 October 1368) was the third son, but the second son to survive infancy, of the English king Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. He was named after his birthplace, at Antwerp in the Duc ...

, whereas Henry's father, John of Gaunt, was Edward's third surviving son. Had Edmund inherited instead, the alternative succession would have been short-lived, for it re-united with the historical crown when Edward IV was declared king in 1461. #

Edward III of England Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring ...

Edward, the Black Prince Edward of Woodstock, known to history as the Black Prince (15 June 1330 – 8 June 1376), was the eldest son of King Edward III of England, and the heir apparent to the English throne. He died before his father and so his son, Richard II, suc ...

, first son of Edward III # Richard II of England, second son of Edward, the Black Prince #

Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, (; 29 November 133817 October 1368) was the third son, but the second son to survive infancy, of the English king Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. He was named after his birthplace, at Antwerp in the Duc ...

, third son (second son to survive infancy) of Edward III # Philippa Plantagenet, 5th Countess of Ulster, only child of Lionel #

Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March Roger de Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, 6th Earl of Ulster (11 April 137420 July 1398) was an English nobleman. He was considered the heir presumptive to King Richard II, his mother's first cousin. Roger Mortimer's father, the 3rd Earl of Marc ...

, first son of Philippa # '' Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March'', first son of Roger, died without issue # Anne de Mortimer, first daughter of Roger, succeeded her childless brother Edmund # '' Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York'', only son of Anne # Edward IV of England, first son of Richard

Descendants of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence

This line's claim to the Crown is based upon the argument that Edward IV was not the son of '' Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York'', and thus had no legitimate claim to the Crown. Therefore, when ''Richard'' was killed at the Battle of Wakefield, his claim passed first to his eldest legitimate son, '' Edmund, Earl of Rutland'', who was executed shortly after the battle, and then to '' George, Duke of Clarence''. Another point is that Henry VI passed a law in 1470 that should both he and his son

Edward of Westminster Edward of Westminster (13 October 1453 – 4 May 1471), also known as Edward of Lancaster, was the only son of King Henry VI of England and Margaret of Anjou. He was killed aged seventeen at the Battle of Tewkesbury. Early life Edward was born ...

die without further legitimate male issue, the crown was to pass to ''Clarence'', as Henry had placed an attainder upon Edward IV. When Henry VI and Edward both died in 1471, ''Clarence'' became the legal heir of the House of Lancaster. The current descendant of this line is ''

Simon Abney-Hastings, 15th Earl of Loudoun Simon Michael Abney-Hastings, 15th Earl of Loudoun (born 29 October 1974), styled as Lord Mauchline until 2012, is a British aristocrat living in Australia who is the current holder of the ancient Scottish noble title of Earl of Loudoun. Based o ...

''. The line of succession is as follows: # ''

George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence (21 October 144918 February 1478), was the 6th son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, and the brother of English kings Edward IV and Richard III. He played an important role in the ...

'', third son (second "legitimate" son) of

Richard, 3rd Duke of York Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (21 September 1411 – 30 December 1460), also named Richard Plantagenet, was a leading English magnate and claimant to the throne during the Wars of the Roses. He was a member of the ruling House of Planta ...

# ''

Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick (25 February 1475 – 28 November 1499) was the son of Isabel Neville and George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, and a potential claimant to the English throne during the reigns of both his uncle, ...

'', first son of George #

Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 – 27 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother ...

, daughter of George, succeeded her childless brother Edward # ''

Henry Pole, 1st Baron Montagu Henry Pole, 1st Baron Montagu (also written Montague or Montacute; circa 1492 – January 1539), was an English nobleman, the only holder of the title Baron Montagu under its 1514 creation, and one of the relatives whom King Henry VIII of ...

'', first son of Margaret # ''Henry Pole'', second son of Henry, his elder brother Thomas died in childhood # Catherine Hastings, first daughter, succeeded her childless brother Henry # ''

Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon, KG, KB (c. 153514 December 1595) was an English Puritan nobleman. Educated alongside the future Edward VI, he was briefly imprisoned by Mary I, and later considered by some as a potential successor to E ...

'', first son of Catherine # ''

George Hastings, 4th Earl of Huntingdon George Hastings, 4th Earl of Huntingdon (1540 – 30 December 1604) was an English nobleman. He was a son of Francis Hastings, 2nd Earl of Huntingdon and Catherine Pole, daughter of Henry Pole, 1st Baron Montagu and Jane Neville. He was a you ...

'', second son of Catherine, succeeded his childless brother Henry # Francis Hastings, first son of George # '' Henry Hastings, 5th Earl of Huntingdon'', only son of Francis # ''

Ferdinando Hastings, 6th Earl of Huntingdon Ferdinando Hastings, 6th Earl of Huntingdon (18 January 1609 – 13 February 1656), was the son of Henry Hastings, 5th Earl of Huntingdon, and Lady Elizabeth Stanley, the daughter of Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby, and Alice Spencer. He m ...

'', first son of Henry # ''

Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon (10 December 165030 May 1701) was a 17th-century English politician and Jacobite. One of the few non-Catholics to remain loyal to James II of England after November 1688, on the rare occasions he is m ...

'', only son of Ferdinando # ''

George Hastings, 8th Earl of Huntingdon George Hastings, 8th Earl of Huntingdon (22 March 1677 – 22 February 1705) was the son of Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon and his first wife Elizabeth Lewis; he succeeded his father in 1701. He served briefly in the War of the Span ...

'', second son of Theophilus, his elder brother died in childhood # ''

Theophilus Hastings, 9th Earl of Huntingdon Theophilus Hastings, 9th Earl of Huntingdon (12 November 1696 – 13 October 1746) was the son of Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon and Mary Frances Fowler. Hastings married Lady Selina Shirley, daughter of Washington Shirley, 2nd Ear ...

'', third son of Theophilus, his elder brother George had no legitimate children # ''

Francis Hastings, 10th Earl of Huntingdon Francis Hastings, 10th Earl of Huntingdon PC (13 March 1729 – 2 October 1789) was a British peer and politician. Life He was the eldest of seven children of the 9th Earl of Huntingdon and his wife, Lady Selina, a leader of the Methodis ...

'', first son of Theophilus, 9th Earl # Elizabeth Rawdon, 16th Baroness Botreaux, daughter of Theophilus, her brother Francis had no legitimate children # ''

Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings Francis Edward Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings, (9 December 175428 November 1826), styled The Honourable Francis Rawdon from birth until 1762, Lord Rawdon between 1762 and 1783, The Lord Rawdon from 1783 to 1793 and The Earl of Moira b ...

'', first son of Elizabeth # ''

George Rawdon-Hastings, 2nd Marquess of Hastings George Augustus Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 2nd Marquess of Hastings (4 February 1808 – 13 January 1844), styled Lord Rawdon from birth until 1817 and Earl of Rawdon from 1817 to 1826, was a British peer and courtier. Early life Rawdon was born i ...

'', eldest legitimate son of Francis # ''Paulyn Rawdon-Hastings, 3rd Marquess of Hastings'', first son of George # '' Henry Rawdon-Hastings, 4th Marquess of Hastings'', second son of George, his brother Paulyn died in childhood #

Edith Rawdon-Hastings, 10th Countess of Loudoun Edith Maud Rawdon-Hastings, 10th Countess of Loudoun (10 December 1833 – 23 January 1874) was a Scottish peer. She died aged 40 after caring for Rowallan Castle. Sir George Gilbert Scott designed an Eleanor Cross style monument to her which wa ...

, first daughter of George, succeeded her childless brother Henry # ''

Charles Rawdon-Hastings, 11th Earl of Loudoun Charles Edward Rawdon-Hastings, 11th Earl of Loudoun (5 January 1855 – 17 May 1920) was a Scottish peer. Early life At his birth on 5 January 1855, he was given the name Charles Edward Abney-Hastings. He was the eldest son of Charles Abney- ...

'', first son of Edith, died without issue # Paulyn Abney-Hastings, second son of Edith, succeeded his childless brother Charles #

Edith Maud Abney-Hastings, 12th Countess of Loudoun } Edith Maud Abney-Hastings, 12th Countess of Loudoun (13 May 1883 – 24 February 1960) was a British peeress. Family She was the first daughter and coheir of Hon. Paulyn Abney-Hastings (the second son of Charles Abney-Hastings, 1st Baron D ...

, first daughter of Paulyn # ''Ian Huddleston Abney-Hastings, Lord Mauchline'', only son of Edith, died in World War II without issue #

Barbara Abney-Hastings, 13th Countess of Loudoun Barbara Huddleston Abney-Hastings, 13th Countess of Loudoun (3 July 19191 November 2002), was a Scottish countess in her own right, and a member of the House of Lords. Lady Loudoun was the oldest daughter of Reginald Mowbray Chichester Huddlest ...

, first daughter of Edith, succeeded her childless brother Ian # ''

Michael Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun Michael Edward Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun (born Michael Edward Lord; 22 July 194230 June 2012), was a British-Australian farmer, who is most noted because of the 2004 documentary '' Britain's Real Monarch'', which alleged he was the ...

'', eldest son of Barbara # ''

'', eldest son of Michael

Descendants of Mary Tudor, Queen of France

Henry VIII's

Third Succession Act The Third Succession Act of King Henry VIII's reign, passed by the Parliament of England in July 1543, returned his daughters Mary and Elizabeth to the line of the succession behind their half-brother Edward. Born in 1537, Edward was the son o ...

granted Henry the right to bequeath the Crown in his Will. His Will specified that, in default of heirs to his children, the throne was to pass to the children of the daughters of his younger sister

Mary Tudor, Queen of France Mary Tudor (; 18 March 1496 – 25 June 1533) was an English princess who was briefly Queen of France as the third wife of King Louis XII. Louis was more than 30 years her senior. Mary was the fifth child of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth ...

, bypassing the line of his elder sister

Margaret Tudor Margaret Tudor (28 November 1489 – 18 October 1541) was Queen of Scotland from 1503 until 1513 by marriage to King James IV. She then served as regent of Scotland during her son's minority, and successfully fought to extend her regency. Ma ...

, represented by the Catholic

Mary, Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567. The only surviving legitimate child of James V of S ...

Edward VI Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death in 1553. He was crowned on 20 February 1547 at the age of nine. Edward was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour and the first E ...

confirmed this by letters patent. The legitimate and legal heir of Elizabeth I was therefore '' Anne Stanley, Countess of Castlehaven'' (the marriage of

Lady Katherine Grey Katherine Seymour, Countess of Hertford (formerly Katherine Herbert, Lady Herbert, born Lady Katherine Grey; 25 August 1540 – 27 January 1568), was a younger sister of Lady Jane Grey. A granddaughter of Henry VIII's sister Mary, she emerged ...

having been annulled, and her children declared illegitimate, by Elizabeth I). Her succession, under this theory, follows: #

Henry VIII of England Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...

Edward VI of England Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death in 1553. He was crowned on 20 February 1547 at the age of nine. Edward was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour and the first ...

, only son of Henry VIII # Mary I of England, eldest daughter of Henry VIII #

Elizabeth I of England Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Elizabeth was the last of the five House of Tudor monarchs and is sometimes referred to as the "Virgin Queen". Eli ...

, second daughter of Henry VIII #

, second daughter of Henry VII # Lady Eleanor Brandon, second daughter, third line of Mary # Lady Margaret Clifford, only daughter, third line of Eleanor #

Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby (1559 – 16 April 1594), was an English nobleman and politician. He was the son of Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby, and Lady Margaret Clifford. Ferdinando had a place in the line of succession to Eliza ...

, first son of Margaret # '' Anne Stanley, Countess of Castlehaven'', first daughter of Ferdinando # ''

George Brydges, 6th Baron Chandos George Brydges, 6th Baron Chandos (1620–1654), was the son of Grey Brydges, 5th Baron Chandos (c. 1580 – 10 August 1621) and Lady Anne Stanley, a descendant of King Henry VIII's sister, Princess Mary Tudor. George's stepfather was Mervy ...

'', first son of Anne # ''Margaret Brydges'', first daughter of George # ''George Brydges Skipwith'', first son of Margaret # ''Elizabeth Brownlow'', first daughter of Margaret, succeeded their childless brother George # ''George Brownlow Doughty'', first son of Elizabeth # ''Henry Doughty'', only child of George # ''Henry Doughty'', only son of Henry # ''Elizabeth Doughty'', only daughter of Henry Doughty Sr Since ''Lady Anne Stanleys line is thought to have become extinct with the death of ''Elizabeth Doughty'', the line then passes to the descendants of Lady Anne's sister, Lady Frances Stanley: #

Lady Frances Stanley, second daughter of Ferdinando

# John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater, first son of Frances #

John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater KB PC (9 November 1646 – 19 March 1701) was a British nobleman from the Egerton family. He was the eldest son of John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater and his wife Elizabeth Cavendish. His maternal gran ...

, first son of John # Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater, third son of John # Lady Anne Egerton, first daughter of Scroop # George Villiers, 4th Earl of Jersey, only child of Anne # ''

George Child Villiers, 5th Earl of Jersey George Child Villiers, 5th Earl of Jersey, GCH, PC (19 August 1773 – 3 October 1859), previously George Villiers and styled Viscount Villiers until 1805, was a British courtier and Conservative politician from the Villiers family. He added ...

'', first son of George, 4th Earl of Jersey # ''

George Child Villiers, 6th Earl of Jersey George Augustus Frederick Child Villiers, 6th Earl of Jersey (4 April 1808 – 24 October 1859), styled Viscount Villiers until 1859, was an English peer and politician from the Villiers family. Life Villiers was born on 4 April 1808 in London, t ...

'', first son of George, 5th Earl of Jersey # ''

Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey Victor Albert George Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey, (20 March 1845 – 31 May 1915) was a British banker, Conservative politician and colonial administrator from the Villiers family. He served as Governor of New South Wales between 1891 and ...

'', only son of George, 6th Earl of Jersey # '' George Child Villiers, 8th Earl of Jersey'', first son of Victor, 7th Earl of Jersey # '' George Child Villiers, 9th Earl of Jersey'', first son of George, 8th Earl of Jersey # ''Lady Caroline Child Villiers'', only child of George's first marriage Lady Caroline's heir-apparent is her son Timothy Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 7th Earl of Minto. Although the ''9th Earl of Jersey'' had sons from a third marriage, he had been divorced from his first wife, who was still alive when he married his third. Under a strict adherence to the succession laws and customs as they existed in 1603 (for it is argued that no laws passed by Parliament since 1603 are legitimate, as the heirs did not summon those Parliaments, nor did those laws receive the royal assent to become law), the 9th Earl of Jersey's divorce was not valid, and therefore both his remarriage during his ex-wife's lifetime was null and void, and the children of his third marriage illegitimate. Consequently, the current holder of the Stanley claim to the throne of England is the only child of the 9th Earl's first marriage, ''Lady Caroline Ogilvy'' (née Child Villiers).

Descendants of Edward Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp

There is doubt of the legitimacy of Edward Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp. Certainly

James I James I may refer to: People *James I of Aragon (1208–1276) *James I of Sicily or James II of Aragon (1267–1327) *James I, Count of La Marche (1319–1362), Count of Ponthieu *James I, Count of Urgell (1321–1347) *James I of Cyprus (1334–13 ...

regarded the Seymour line as legitimate, and based his own succession on his right by primogeniture, ignoring the Will of Henry VIII. However, the Seymours were placed ahead of the Stanleys in James's line of succession. In 2012, Mary Freeman-Grenville, 12th Lady Kinloss was listed as the heir to the Mary Tudor claim rather than Frances Stanley's descendants. Her succession follows: #

, only son of Henry # Mary I of England, eldest daughter of Henry #

, second daughter of Henry #

, third daughter of Henry VII of England, younger sister of Henry VIII of England #

Lady Frances Brandon Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk (née Lady Frances Brandon; 16 July 1517 – 20 November 1559), was an English noblewoman, the second child and eldest daughter of King Henry VIII's younger sister, Princess Mary, and Charles Brandon, 1st Duke ...

, first daughter of Mary #

Lady Catherine Grey Katherine Seymour, Countess of Hertford (formerly Katherine Herbert, Lady Herbert, born Lady Katherine Grey; 25 August 1540 – 27 January 1568), was a younger sister of Lady Jane Grey. A granddaughter of Henry VIII's sister Mary, she emerged ...

, second daughter of Frances # '' Edward Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp'', first son of Catherine # '' William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset'', second son of Edward, succeeded their childless brother Edward #

Henry Seymour, Lord Beauchamp Henry Seymour, Lord Beauchamp (c. 1626 – 14 March 1654) was an English nobleman, third son of William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset.''The Complete Peerage'', vol. 12, 1953, "Somerset", p. 74. He had two elder brothers, but they both died unmarr ...

, third son of William, his elder brothers William and Robert died in childhood # ''Lady Elizabeth Seymour'', only daughter of Henry # '' Charles Bruce, 3rd Earl of Ailesbury'', second son of Elizabeth, his elder brother Robert died in childhood # Lady Mary Bruce, first daughter, succeeded their childless brothers Robert and George # ''

James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos PC (27 December 1731 – 29 September 1789), styled Viscount Wilton from birth until 1744 and Marquess of Carnarvon from 1744 to 1771, was a British peer and politician. Background Chandos was the onl ...

'', only son of Mary # '' Lady Anne Elizabeth Brydges'', only child of James # ''

Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos Richard Plantagenet Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, (11 February 1797 – 29 July 1861), styled Viscount Cobham from birth until 1813, Earl Temple between 1813 and 1822 and Marquess of Chand ...

'', first son of Anne # '' Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos'', only son of Richard # ''

Mary Morgan-Grenville, 11th Lady Kinloss Mary Elizabeth Morgan-Grenville, 11th Lady Kinloss (''née'' Lady Mary Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville; 30 September 1852 – 17 October 1944) was a British peeress. Biography The eldest of the three daughters of Richard Temple-Nug ...

'', first daughter of Richard # Luis Chandos Francis Temple Morgan-Grenville, second son of Mary, succeeded their childless brother Richard # '' Mary Freeman-Grenville, 12th Lady Kinloss'', first daughter of Luis # '' Teresa Freeman-Grenville, 13th Lady Kinloss'', first daughter of Mary Lady Kinloss's heir-presumptive is her sister Hester Josephine Anne Freeman-Grenville, who is married to Peter Haworth and has three sons.

Continuation of the House of Stuart

The Catholic heirs of the deposed

James II of England James VII and II (14 October 1633 16 September 1701) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II, and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II, on 6 February 1685. He was deposed in the Glorious Re ...

were passed over by the Act of Settlement 1701. #

Charles I of England Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. He was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after hi ...

, second son of Charles I # ''

James Francis Edward Stuart James Francis Edward Stuart (10 June 16881 January 1766), nicknamed the Old Pretender by Whigs, was the son of King James II and VII of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his second wife, Mary of Modena. He was Prince of Wales fro ...

'', only son of James II; called "James III" by Jacobites. # '' Charles Edward Stuart'', elder son of James Francis. He had no legitimate issue by his wife. He had an illegitimate daughter who has descendants, but they have no succession rights. Also known as "Charles III" by Jacobites or as "Bonnie Prince Charlie" more widely. # ''

Henry Benedict Stuart Henry Benedict Thomas Edward Maria Clement Francis Xavier Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York (6 March 1725 – 13 July 1807) was a Roman Catholic cardinal, as well as the fourth and final Jacobite heir to publicly claim the thrones of Great Brita ...

'', younger son of James Francis. He was a Cardinal of the Catholic Church and had no issue. Called "Henry IX" by Jacobites. At Henry's death the claim passed to his second cousin twice removed, '' Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia'', and then to his brother ''

Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia Victor Emmanuel I (Vittorio Emanuele; 24 July 1759 – 10 January 1824) was the Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia (1802–1821). Biography Victor Emmanuel was the second son of King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Maria Antonia Ferdinand ...

''. Charles Emmanuel and Victor Emmanuel were great-great-great-grandsons of King Charles I. #

# Henrietta Anne Stuart, youngest daughter of Charles #

Anne Marie d'Orléans Anne Marie d'Orléans (27 August 1669 – 26 August 1728) was Queen of Sardinia by marriage to Victor Amadeus II of Savoy. She served as regent of Savoy during the absence of her spouse in 1686 and during the War of the Spanish Succession. ...

, second daughter of Henrietta Anne #

Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia Charles Emmanuel III (27 April 1701 – 20 February 1773) was Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia from 1730 until his death. Biography He was born in Turin to Victor Amadeus II of Savoy and his first wife the French Anne Marie d'Orléans. H ...

, second son of Anne Marie #

Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia Victor Amadeus III (Vittorio Amadeo Maria; 26 June 1726 – 16 October 1796) was King of Sardinia from 1773 to his death. Although he was politically conservative, he carried out numerous administrative reforms until he declared war on Revolu ...

, second son of Charles Emmanuel # '' Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia'', eldest son of Victor Amadeus # ''

'', second son of Victor Amadeus # '' Maria Beatrice of Savoy'', eldest daughter of Victor Emmanuel #'' Francis V, Duke of Modena'', elder son of Maria Beatrice #

Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-Este Ferdinand Karl Viktor (20 July 1821 – 15 December 1849) was Archduke of Austria-Este and Prince of Modena. Biography Born in Modena, he was the second son of Francis IV of Modena and his niece-consort Maria Beatrice of Savoy. His paternal g ...

, younger son of Maria Beatrice, succeeded their elder brother Francis who had no surviving adult children # '' Maria Theresa of Austria-Este'', only child of Ferdinand # ''

Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria, Franconia and in Swabia, Count Palatine by (the) Rhine (''Rupprecht Maria Luitpold Ferdinand''; English: ''Robert Maria Leopold Ferdinand''; 18 May 1869 – 2 August 1955), was the last hei ...

'', eldest son of Maria Theresia # '' Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria'', second son of Rupprecht, his elder brother Luitpold died in childhood # '' Franz, Duke of Bavaria'', elder son of Albrecht When Franz dies, his claim on the English and Scottish crownsThe Jacobite claim is to the thrones held and claimed by James II and VII; as king of England, Scotland, France (claimed by English monarchs since the Hundred Years' War), and Ireland. The Acts of Union that created Great Britain and the United Kingdom are considered invalid by those who believe that the monarchs who gave the Acts the Royal Assent were not the legitimate occupants of the throne. Cf. ''The Legitimist Kalendar for the Year of Our Lord 1895 (London: Henry, 1895), p.22. will pass to his younger brother Prince Max. And after Max's death, this theoretical claim most likely will be inherited by the

Prince of Liechtenstein The prince regnant of Liechtenstein (german: Fürst von und zu Liechtenstein) is the monarch and head of state of Liechtenstein.Principality of Liechtenstein Family - Die fürstliche Familie (in German) The Liechtenstein family, after which t ...

through Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein, daughter of Prince Max.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alternate Successions of the English Crown British monarchs Heirs to the English throne Succession to the British crown Rival successions