The Almo Collegio Capranica is the oldest

Roman college The Roman College ( la, Collegium Romanum, it, Collegio Romano) was a school established by St. Ignatius of Loyola in 1551, just 11 years after he founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). It quickly grew to include classes from elementary school t ...

, founded in 1457 by Cardinal

Domenico Capranica Domenico Capranica (1400 – 14 July 1458) was an Italian theologian, canonist, statesman, and Cardinal. Life Cardinal Capranica was born in Capranica Prenestina. His younger brother, Angelo, also became a cardinal. After studies in canon a ...

(1400–1458) in his own palace for thirty young clerics, who received an education suitable to prepare them for the priesthood.

History

Antoniazzo Romano fresco - Madonna with child and saints

The Capranica College is located in the Piazza Capranica, in the Colonna district. The Capranica family made their fortunes under Pope Martin V (Oddone Colonna). Domenico Capranica (1400-1458), was a cardinal and a humanist. Upon the death of Martin V, conflict arose between the rival Colonna and Orsini families. Capranica, who was often away on assignments for the papacy, found his home stripped and decided to build a new one.Bongiovanni, Maria Beatrice. "Capranica family and his Roman palace", ''Telematic Bulletin of Art'', November 14, 2013
/ref> Around 1449 Cardinal Domenico Capranica began construction of his palace by buying some houses near the parish church of St. Mary in Aquiro, in the square that now bears his name. Among the buildings acquired there was a chapel, which tradition says was built on the site of the birthplace of St. Agnes, who would have suffered martyrdom in the nearby stadium of Domitian. He founded the college in January 1457, with the aim of offering the opportunity of a proper education for the priesthood to young poor of the city of Rome. He opened it in his own palace for thirty-one poor scholars, sixteen in theology and the liberal arts, and fifteen in canon law. In this he anticipated by more than a century the establishment of "seminaries" decreed by the Council of Trent. The institution was the first of its kind in Rome; initially reserved for young Romans, it later extended hospitality to students from other Italian regions and of different nationalities. Capranica himself drew up their rules and presented the college with his own library, the more valuable portion of which was later transferred to the Vatican. The curriculum included the study of Aristotle and Aquinas. It was expected that over the holidays, students would gain experience by serving in the cathedral or in other local churches. When the Constable de Bourbon laid siege to Rome in 1527, the Capranica students were among the few defenders of the Porta di S. Spirito, and all of them with their rector died when Rome was breached. The word "Almo" ("who gives life") in the title remembers them. The rector, according to the university custom of those days, was elected by the students and was always one of them until Pope Alexander VII decided that the rector should be appointed by the protectors of the college. In 1971

Pope Paul VI Pope Paul VI ( la, Paulus VI; it, Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, ; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his death in Augus ...

instituted an Episcopal Commission, composed of three former students, a cardinal and two bishops to direct the seminary. After the French Revolution, the college was re-established in 1807; the number of free students was reduced to 13, but paying students were admitted. The College was closed from 1798 to 1807, during the

Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Ki ...

. Currently, the college has about fifty students, primarily from dioceses in Italy. There are also Orthodox pupils and students from Eastern Catholic Churches. Some students are preparing for the priesthood, others, already priests, continue their postgraduate studies. Typically a Capranica student enters the College during the years of preparation for ordination and remains there until the completion of his specialization. The college's patroness is St. Agnes.

Building

The original one-story building probably had the workshops on the ground floor, with the living quarters and state rooms on the main floor. After the death of Domenico in 1458, his brother Angelo, also a cardinal, enlarged the palace, but reserved part of the building for the family, who later created a

theatre Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The perform ...

from existing family apartments without changing the exterior of the building. The facade facing the square, is covered with light plaster and is characterized by the presence of the square tower, ending with a loggia that opens to the outside with two arched windows on each side. The current façade is not the original one but the result of renovations mainly in seventeenth century, during which as additional floor was added.

Chapel of St. Agnes

This chapel is commonly believed to be the oldest place of worship dedicated to the martyr. The main chapel of the College, dedicated to St. Agnes, was restored in 1954 in neo-Renaissance style. The walls are covered with polychrome marble and decorated with a double cornice. The semicircular apse contains Antoniazzo Romano's fresco of '' Madonna with Child, a holy bishop and St. Agnes''. Stained glass windows depict St. Gregory the Great, St. Augustine, St. Jerome and St. Ambrose. The pipe organ is a Mascioni (Opus 696) manufactured in 1953.

Alumni

The Capranica has produced many notable ecclesiastics, including Popes

Benedict XV Pope Benedict XV (Ecclesiastical Latin, Latin: ''Benedictus XV''; it, Benedetto XV), born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, name=, group= (; 21 November 185422 January 1922), was head of the Catholic Church from 1914 until his deat ...

and

Pius XII Pius ( , ) Latin for "pious", is a masculine given name. Its feminine form is Pia. It may refer to: People Popes * Pope Pius (disambiguation) * Antipope Pius XIII (1918-2009), who led the breakaway True Catholic Church sect Given name * Pius ...

, numerous cardinals, and Blessed Luigi Novarese File:CoA Benedetto XV.svg, Pope

(Born Giacomo della Chiesa,1854-1922),

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from 3 September 1914 to 22 January 1922 File:C o a Pius XII.svg, Pope Pius XII (Born Eugenio Pacelli, 1872-1958),

from 2 March 1939 to 9 October 1958 File:COA of Cardinal Bafrtolomeo Bacilieri 2.svg, Cardinal

Bartolomeo Bacilieri Bartolomeo Bacilieri (28 March 1842 – 14 February 1923) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Verona from 1900 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1901. Biography Bartolomeo Bacil ...

(1842–1923) Bishop of Verona (1900-1923) File:Coat of arms of Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro.svg, Cardinal

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del Tindaro (1843–1913) Cardinal Secretary of State (1887-1903) File:Coat of arms of Niccolò Marini.svg, Cardinal Niccolò Marini (1843-1923) Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Oriental Churches File:Coat of arms of Aristide Rinaldini.svg, Cardinal

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(1844-1920) Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals File:Coat of arms of Camillo Laurenti.svg, Cardinal

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(1861-1938) Prefect of Sacred Congregation of Religious of the

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File:Coat of arms of Francesco Marchetti-Selvaggiani.svg, Cardinal

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(1932- ), President of the

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(1932- ) Vicar of the Diocesis of Rome (1991–2008), President of the

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(1991– 2007) File:Coat of arms of Paolo Romeo.svg, Cardinal

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, archbishop of

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and

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and

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, Bishop of Assisi and

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and Equatorial Guinee (2010- ) File:Coat of arms of Filippo Santoro.svg, Bishop Filippo Santoro (1948-), Archbishop of

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(2011- ) File:COA Diocese of Terni-Narni-Amelia (Bishop Franco Gualdrini).svg, Bishop Franco Gualdrini (1923-2010) Bishop of

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and Amelia (1983-2000) File:Coat of arms of Mansueto Bianchi.svg, Bishop Mansueto Bianchi, Bishop of

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(1953-) bishop of

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, Bishop of Velletri-Segni (2006-) * Card Pietro Pavan (1903–1994) * Card Antonio Vico (1847–1929) * Card

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References

External links