Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah III was the
Sultan of Johor
The Sultan of Johor is a hereditary seat and the sovereign ruler of the Malaysian state of Johor. In the past, the sultan held absolute power over the state and was advised by a ''bendahara''. Currently, the role of ''bendahara'' has been tak ...
who reigned from 1597 to 1615. He resided at the new capital of Johor at
Batu Sawar, but later moved his administration to
Pasir Raja
Pasir Raja is a mukim in Dungun District, Terengganu, Malaysia. Located about 10 km from Bandar Al-Muktafi Billah Shah Bandar Al-Muktafi Billah Shah is a new town in Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia. It was erected in honour of the 16th Sultan o ...
around 1609. In 1612, at the instigation of his co-ruler and half-brother
Abdullah
Abdullah may refer to:
* Abdullah (name), a list of people with the given name or surname
* Abdullah, Kargı, Turkey, a village
* ''Abdullah'' (film), a 1980 Bollywood film directed by Sanjay Khan
* '' Abdullah: The Final Witness'', a 2015 Pakis ...
, (better known from period historical documents as Raja Bongsu or Raja Seberang; who after 1613 ruled as Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah) and
Bendahara
Bendahara ( Jawi: بنداهارا) is an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms comparable to a vizier before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a heredi ...
Tun Sri Lanang Tun Muhammad bin Tun Ahmad, better known as Tun Sri Lanang,Agus, Abdul Aziz, ''Tokoh yang Kukoh, dalam Kesusasteraan Melayu Lama dan Baru, oleh Agus Salim: Dengan Sejarah Sastera'', pg 72 was the Bendahara (Grand Vizier) of the royal Court of Johor ...
oversaw the editorial and compilation process of the ''
Sejarah Melayu
The ''Malay Annals'' ( Malay: ''Sejarah Melayu'', Jawi: سجاره ملايو), originally titled ''Sulalatus Salatin'' (''Genealogy of Kings''), is a literary work that gives a romanticised history of the origin, evolution and demise of the g ...
'' (Malay Annals), the most important Malay literary work of all time.
In 1606 Alauddin allied with the Dutch to fight the Portuguese in an attempt to oust them from Melaka in a joint military campaign. To this end he ratified two treaties with the Dutch Admiral
Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge
Cornelis Matelief de Jonge (c. 1569 – October 17, 1632) was a Dutch admiral who was active in establishing Dutch power in Southeast Asia during the beginning of the 17th century. His fleet was officially on a trading mission, but its true inten ...
in May and September 1606.
Following a crippling blockade of the
Johor River
The Johor River ( ms, Sungai Johor) is the main river in the Malaysian state of Johor. The river is 122.7 km long with a catchment of 2,636 km2 and flows in a roughly north–south direction, originating from Mount Gemuruh and then empti ...
in 1608 and 1609, he signed a peace agreement with the Portuguese in October 1610. His fate and death remain uncertain. Some claim that he fled Batu Sawar at the time of the Acehnese attack in 1613 and died in exile on
Lingga while others claim that he had been captured twice by the
Acehnese between 1613 and 1615 and subsequently sentenced to death around 1615. He is buried in
Kota Tinggi
Kota Tinggi is a town and capital of Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Malaysia. Kota Tinggi is also the name of the district, Kota Tinggi District, where the town is situated.
Kuala Sedili or Tanjung Sedili, a small fishing town located 37 km n ...
,
Johor
Johor (; ), also spelled as Johore, is a state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. Johor has land borders with the Malaysian states of Pahang to the north and Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the northwest. Johor shares mariti ...
.
References
Further reading
* Rouffaer, G.P., "Was Malaka Emporium vóór 1400 A.D. genaamd Malajoer? En waar lag Woerawari, Ma–Hasin, Langka, Batoesawar?", ''Bijdragen van het Koninklijk Instutuut voor Taal-, Letter- en Volkenkunde'', vol. 77 (1921), pp. 1–174 and 359–604.
* Borschberg, Peter, "The Seizure of the Santa Catarina Revisited: The Portuguese Empire in Asia, VOC Politics and the Origins of the Dutch-Johor Alliance (c. 1602–1616)", ''Journal of Southeast Asian Studies'', 33.1 (2002): 31–62. (This article can be downloaded free of charge at www.cambridge.org, )
* Borschberg, Peter, "The Johor-VOC Alliance and the Twelve Years Truce. Factionalism, Intrigue and Diplomacy, c.1603–1613", ''Institute for International Law and Justice (IILJ) Working Paper, History and Theory of International Law Series'', New York: NYU, 8 (2009): 1–69. (This paper can be downloaded for free via www.ssrn.org or www.iilj.org)
* Borschberg, Peter,
The Singapore and Melaka Straits: Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the Seventeenth Century, Singapore: NUS Press, 2010. .
* Borschberg, Peter,
Hugo Grotius, the Portuguese and Free Trade in the East Indies, Singapore: NUS Press, 2011. .
* Borschberg, Peter, ed.,
The Memoirs and Memorials of Jacques de Coutre: Security, Trade and Society in the Seventeenth Century, Singapore: NUS Press, 2014. .
* Borschberg, Peter, ed.,
Jacques de Coutre's Singapore and Johor, 1595–c. 1625, Singapore: NUS Press, 2015. .
* Borschberg, Peter, ed.,
Journal, Memorials and Letters of Admiral Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge. Security, Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th-Century Southeast Asia, Singapore: NUS Press, 2015.
* Borschberg, Peter, ed.,
Admiral Matelieff's Singapore and Johor, 1606–1616, Singapore, 2015.
* Borschberg, Peter, "The Value of Admiral Matelieff's Writings for the History of Southeast Asia, c.1600–1620", ''Journal of Southeast Asian Studies,'' 48(3) (2017): pp. 414–435
DOI* Kwa, Chong Guan and Borschberg, Peter, eds
Studying Singapore before 1800 Singapore: NUS Press, 2018.
Sultans of Johor
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