Abdul Rahman Munif

Abdelrahman bin Ibrahim al-Munif ( ar, عَبْدُ الرَّحْمٰن المُنِيفٌ) known by his nickname Abdelrahman Munif (May 29, 1933 – January 24, 2004) was a Saudi Arabian novelist, short story writer, memoirist, journalist, thinker, and cultural critic. He is considered one of the most significant modern Saudi authors and one of the best in the Arabic language of the 20th century. His novels include strong political elements as well as mockeries of the Middle Eastern elite classes. His work offended the rulers of Saudi Arabia which led to the banning of many of his books and the revocation of his Saudi Arabian citizenship.

Biography

Munif was born in 1933 as a Saudi national and brought up in Amman, Jordan to Saudi Arabian parents, and his grandmother was an Iraqi. In 1952 he moved to Baghdad to study law and later moved to Cairo. He received a law degree from the Sorbonne and a PhD in oil economics from the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Economics. He later returned to Iraq to work in the oil ministry and became a member of the Ba'ath Party. During this time he edited an industry journal called ''al-Naft wa al-Tanmiya'' "Petroleum and Development".

He began writing in the 1970s after he left his job with the Iraqi ministry, quit the Ba'ath party, and moved to Damascus, Syria, removing himself from a regime he opposed. He quickly became known for his scathing parodies of Middle Eastern elites, especially those of Saudi Arabia, a country which banned many of his books and stripped him of Saudi citizenship. He used his knowledge of the oil industry to full effect criticizing the businessmen who ran it and the politicians they served.

Munif was the author of fifteen novels. The ''Cities of Salt'' quintet followed the evolution of the Arabian peninsula as its traditional Bedouin culture was transformed by the oil boom. The novels portray the history of a broad region, evoking comparisons to William Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha County. The quintet begins with ''Mudun al-Milh'' (مدن الملح, ''Cities of Salt'', 1984), depicting the desert oasis of Wadi al-Uyoun as it is transformed and destroyed by the arrival of Western oilmen, a story similar to that of the disrupted village of Chinua Achebe's ''Things Fall Apart''. Much as Achebe described the effects of the arrival of powerful missionaries on a traditional African village, so Munif chronicles the economic, social, and psychological effects of the promise of immeasurable wealth drawn from the deserts of nomad and oasis communities. The quintet continues with ''Al-ukhdud'' (1985;''The Trench''), ''Taqasim al-layl wa-al-nahar'' (1989; ''Variations on Night and Day''), ''Al-munbatt'' (1989; ''The Uprooted''), and ''Badiyat al zulumat'' (1989; ''The Desert of Darkness''). Daniel Burt (author), Daniel Burt ranked the quintet as the 71st greatest novel of all time. The last two novels in the series have not been translated into English.

His first novel to appear in English was ''Endings''. The translator called it the first Saudi novel translated into English, and hailed its innovative portrayal of rural life and environmental challenges in an Arabic genre which had, until then, focused mostly on urban, middle-class experiences.

While his works were never particularly successful in the West, throughout the Middle East they are critically acclaimed and extremely popular. ''Cities of Salt'' was described by Edward Said as the "only serious work of fiction that tries to show the effect of oil, Americans and the local oligarchy on a Gulf country."

While he was one of the fiercest critics of Saddam Hussein and his regime, he was utterly opposed to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, American invasion of Iraq and spent the last two years of his life working on non-fiction projects to oppose what he saw as renewed imperialism. He died at the age of 71, of kidney and heart failure.

Bibliography

Works in English

* — 1987. ''Cities of Salt'' (Cities of Salt Trilogy, Vol 1), New York: Vintage Books.
* — 1991. ''The Trench'' (Cities of Salt Trilogy, Vol 2), New York: Vintage Books.
* — 1993. ''Variations on Night and Day'' (Cities of Salt Trilogy, Vol 3), New York: Vintage Books.
* — 1998. ''Endings'', London: Quartet Books.
* — 1998. ''Story of a City: A Childhood in Amman'', London: Quartet Books.

Works in Arabic

Fiction
* — 1973. ''Al-ashjar wa-ghtyal Marzuq الأشجار واغتيال مرزوق,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 1974. ''Qissat hubb majusiyya قصّة حبّ مجوسية,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 1975. ''Sharq al-Mutawassit شرق المتوسّط,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 1976. ''Hina tarakna al-jisr حين تركنا الجسر,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 1977. ''An-nihayat النهايات,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 1979. ''Sibaq al-masafat at-tawila سباق المسافات الطويلة,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* With Jabra Ibrahim Jabra. 1982. ''Alam bi-la kharait عالم بلا خرائط,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 1984. ''Mudun al-milh 1: Al-tih مدن الملح ١: التيه,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 1985. ''Mudun al-milh 2: Al-ukhdud مدن الملح ٢: الأخدود,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 1989. ''Mudun al-milh 3: Taqasim al-layl wan-nahar مدن الملح ٣: تقاسيم الليل والنهار,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 1989. ''Mudun al-milh 4: Al-munbatt مدن الملح ٤: المنبتّ,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 1989. ''Mudun al-milh 5: Badiyat az-zulmat مدن الملح ٥: بادية الظلمات,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 1991. ''Al-an… huna, aw sharq al-Mutawassit marra ukhra الآن... هنا، أو شرق المتوسّط مرّة أخرى,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 1999. ''Ard as-sawad 1–3 أرض السواد ١-٣,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 2005. ''Umm an-nudhur أمّ النذور,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.

Non-Fiction
* — 1973. ''Mabda al-musharaka wa-tamin al-bitrul al-arabi مبدأ المشاركة وتأمين البترول العربي'', Beirut: Dar al-awda.
* — 1975. ''Al-bitrul al-arabi, musharaka aw at-tamin البترول العربي، مشاركة أو التأمين'', Beirut.
* — 1976. ''Tamin al-bitrul al-arabi تأمين البترول العربي'', Baghdad.
* — 1992. ''Al-katib wal-manfa – Humum wa-afaq ar-riwaya al-arabiyya الكاتب والمنفى'', Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 1992. ''Ad-dimuqratiyya awwilan ad-dimuqratiyya daiman الديمقراطية أوّلاً الديمقراطية دائماً'', Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 1994. ''Sirat madina – Amman fi l-arba'inat سيرة مدينة – عمّان في الأربعينات,'' Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 1998. ''Bayn ath-thaqafa was-siyasa بين الثقافة والسياسة'', Casablanca: al-Markaz ath-Thaqafi al-Arabi.
* — 1998. ''Law'at al-ghiyab لوعة الغياب'', Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 2001. ''Rihlat daw رحلة ضوء'', Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.
* — 2001. ''Dhakira lil-mustaqbal ذاكرة للمستقبل'', Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Arabiyya lid-Dirasat wan-Nashr.

Obituary

*
*

See also

*Uyun AlJiwa governorate
*Abdullah Tariki, Abdullah al-Tariki
*Jabra Ibrahim Jabra
*Marwan Kassab-Bachi

References

External links

Abdul-Rahman Munif: The Prolific and Renowned Arabic Novelist of Our Timeendings-al-nehayat-by-abd-al-rahman-munif

{{DEFAULTSORT:Munif, Abdul Rahman
20th-century novelists
21st-century novelists
1933 births
2004 deaths
Arab socialists
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region politicians
Literary realism
Male novelists
Male short story writers
People from Al-Qassim Province
Saudi Arabian Arab nationalists
Saudi Arabian critics
Saudi Arabian economists
Saudi Arabian people of Iraqi descent
Saudi Arabian novelists
Saudi Arabian political people
Saudi Arabian short story writers
University of Belgrade Faculty of Economics alumni
University of Paris alumni
Jordanian people of Saudi Arabian descent