Abansky District
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Abansky District (russian: А́банский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #10-4765 and municipalLaw #13-2755 district (
raion A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is co ...
), one of the forty-three in
Krasnoyarsk Krai Krasnoyarsk Krai ( rus, Красноя́рский край, r=Krasnoyarskiy kray, p=krəsnɐˈjarskʲɪj ˈkraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), with its administrative center in the city of Krasnoyarsk, the third-largest city in Si ...
,
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
. It is located in the southeast of the
krai A krai or kray (; russian: край, , ''kraya'') is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR. Etymologically, the word is relat ...
and borders with Boguchansky District in the north,
Irkutsk Oblast Irkutsk Oblast (russian: Ирку́тская о́бласть, Irkutskaya oblast; bua, Эрхүү можо, Erkhüü mojo) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in southeastern Siberia in the basins of the Angara, Lena, and N ...
in the east, Nizhneingashsky District in the southeast,
Ilansky District Ilansky District (russian: Ила́нский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #10-4765 and municipalLaw #13-2898 district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the krai and borders wit ...
in the south,
Kansky District Kansky District (russian: Ка́нский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #10-4765 and municipalLaw #13-3015 district (raion), one of the administrative divisions of Krasnoyarsk Krai, forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in ...
in the southwest, Dzerzhinsky District in the west, and with Taseyevsky District in the west and northwest. The area of the district is .Official website of Krasnoyarsk Krai
Information about Abansky Municipal District
Its
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
is the
rural locality In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry typically are describ ...
(a settlement) of
Aban Apas (, ae, āpas) is the Avestan language term for "the waters", which, in its innumerable aggregate states, is represented by the Apas, the hypostases of the waters. ''Āb'' (plural ''Ābān'') is the Middle Persian-language form. Introduc ...
. Population: 26,783 ( 2002 Census);


Geography

The district lies between the
forest steppe A forest steppe is a temperate-climate ecotone and habitat type composed of grassland interspersed with areas of woodland or forest. Locations Forest steppe primarily occurs in a belt of forest steppes across northern Eurasia from the eastern ...
and
taiga Taiga (; rus, тайга́, p=tɐjˈɡa; relates to Mongolic and Turkic languages), generally referred to in North America as a boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruc ...
zones. It stretches for from west to east and for from north to south.


History

The district was founded on April 4, 1924. Abansky District is characterized by a diversity of its population. Many people voluntarily migrated to this area, but some were exiled here as well. During the 18th–19th centuries, the region was a common destination for exiled insurgents and revolutionaries, including
Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in C ...
and the
Decembrists The Decembrist Revolt ( ru , Восстание декабристов, translit = Vosstaniye dekabristov , translation = Uprising of the Decembrists) took place in Russia on , during the interregnum following the sudden death of Emperor Al ...
. Most, however, migrated here voluntarily in the beginning of the 20th century, after the revolutionary events of 1905 and as a result of the agrarian reforms by Pyotr Stolypin. Migrants typically traveled by rail and arrived in big groups to
Kansk Kansk (russian: Канск) is a town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on both banks of the Kan River. Population: History and economy Founded in 1628 as a Russian fort, it was transferred to its current location in 1636 and granted town st ...
. From there, they transported by horses to Aban. The majority of the farms and villages in the area appeared in the first two or three decades of the 20th century. Various ethnic groups tended to stick together for the reasons of common language, traditions, customs, and religious beliefs. This led to the establishment of villages populated mostly by the members of a single ethnic group; for example, Sterlitamak was predominantly
Tatar The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary
is an umbrella term for different
,
Vostok Vostok refers to east in Russian but may also refer to: Spaceflight * Vostok programme, Soviet human spaceflight project * Vostok (spacecraft), a type of spacecraft built by the Soviet Union * Vostok (rocket family), family of rockets derived from ...
was a village of the
Chuvash people The Chuvash people ( , ; cv, чӑваш ; russian: чуваши ) are a Turkic ethnic group, a branch of Oghurs, native to an area stretching from the Volga-Ural region to Siberia. Most of them live in Chuvashia and the surrounding areas, a ...
, while Vorobyovka was populated by the
Mordvins The Mordvins (also Unified Mordvin people, Mordvinians, Mordovians; russian: мордва, Mordva, Mordvins (no equivalents in Moksha and Erzya)) is an obsolete but official term used in the Russian Federation to refer both to Erzyas and Mo ...
. The second wave of migrants rushed in during the late 1920s, as the area was subject to
collectivization Collective farming and communal farming are various types of, "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise". There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member- ...
on a lesser scale than other regions of the country. New migrants usually moved with their fellow countrymen who had already been well-settled in the area and were able to provide the newcomers with support and assistance. The aspiration to "stick together" further strengthened and unified already tight ethnic communities. Even after settling in, people continued to speak their native language and maintained their customs and traditions, passing them on to the new generations. However, they also had to master
Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
, as it was the language of communication between various ethnic groups and the language of the government. Various ethnic communities lived in peace and friendship, respecting each other's customs and sharing the best practices and experiences. Eventually, over time, the cultures blended together, creating a group which is now described by the term "Siberians". After
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
, many people exiled here started families; many remained to live and work in the district. In the 1960s, Aban became a destination for people exiled from the big cities under the "Decree of 1961"—people were sent here for their religious beliefs, for drunkenness, and for parasitism. As a result, the social composition of the population changed significantly. While the 1930s–1940s saw an influx of educated people and intellectuals sent here for political reasons, a significant portion of the exiles of the 1960s consisted of the people genuinely unwilling to work and "re-educated" by means of forcing them to work on forest plots. Five commandants were assigned to Abansky District to oversee the forced labor. The villages of Machino, Tagashi, Noshino, and Beryozovka housed
Germans , native_name_lang = de , region1 = , pop1 = 72,650,269 , region2 = , pop2 = 534,000 , region3 = , pop3 = 157,000 3,322,405 , region4 = , pop4 = ...
who were deported here after the end of World War II. The deported Germans were required to register with the local commandant twice a month and were prohibited from leaving their assigned residences. Many Germans were separated from their families, and only in the 1980s they were allowed to leave.


Economy

Agriculture Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people t ...
and
forestry Forestry is the science and craft of creating, managing, planting, using, conserving and repairing forests, woodlands, and associated resources for human and environmental benefits. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands. ...
, at 55.6%, comprise the largest share of the district's economy, followed by the wholesale and retail trade and auto maintenance (18%). Abansky District is one of the top agricultural districts in the krai in terms of production volume. The district specializes in grain crops and their processing. Animal husbandry specializes in
pig The pig (''Sus domesticus''), often called swine, hog, or domestic pig when distinguishing from other members of the genus '' Sus'', is an omnivorous, domesticated, even-toed, hoofed mammal. It is variously considered a subspecies of ''Sus ...
- and
cattle Cattle (''Bos taurus'') are large, domesticated, cloven-hooved, herbivores. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus ''Bos''. Adult females are referred to as cows and adult ma ...
-breeding. The district is rich in timber and coal reserves.Geography (Coal)
/ref>


Education

Fifty-seven educational facilities are located in the district: *11 pre-school facilities *43 secondary schools *1 inter-school educational-industrial complex *2 continuous education establishments for children Thirty-four per cent of children between ages one and eleven are covered by the pre-school educational system.


Public health services

There are three hospitals with the total of 211 beds in the district, in addition to 4 clinics. There are on average 14.3 doctors per 10,000 people and 7.7 medical workers per 1,000 people. Medicinal Lake Plakhino (Borovoye) is located in the district.


References


Notes


Sources

* * * {{Use mdy dates, date=February 2013 Districts of Krasnoyarsk Krai States and territories established in 1924