AEA June Bug on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
The ''June Bug'' (or ''Aerodrome #3'') was an American "pioneer era" aircraft designed and flown by Glenn H. Curtiss and built by the Aerial Experiment Association (A.E.A) in 1908. The ''June Bug'' is famous for winning the first aeronautical prize ever awarded in the
The Aero Club contacted the Wright brothers, offering them the chance to make an attempt first. Orville wrote to decline the opportunity on June 30, as the Wrights were busy completing their deal with the United States government. The message was received by July 1, and Curtiss took to the air as requested on July 4 ( Independence Day).
The flight was a great public event, bringing people in from all directions. The event was overseen by a delegation of 22 notable members of the Aero Club, headed by Alan R. Hawley. Families came as early as 5 a.m. to claim a spot on the grassy hill, along with reporters, photographers, and a motion picture film crew. Consequently, the ''June Bug'' became the first airplane in the United States to perform in a movie. A thunderstorm began, and umbrellas popped up around the hillside. The town of Hammondsport was nearly empty, as everyone was watching the event. The nearby Pleasant Valley Wine Company very generously opened its doors and offered generous free samples to all who were there. Charles M. Manly, who had unsuccessfully tested the Langley Aerodrome in 1903, measured out the 1 km and distance with plenty of volunteer help. The ''June Bug'' took one false start, going high, but not far enough. On the second try, the airplane successfully flew 5,360 ft (1.6 km) in 1 minute 40 seconds, winning the trophy and a US$25,000 cash prize. It was such an amazing sight that one woman watching was hit by a train on nearby tracks and suffered two broken ribs. After the flight, the wine cellars reopened their doors with free champagne for all.
Amidst the publicity following the flight, the Wrights sent a warning to Curtiss that they had not given permission for the use of "their" aircraft control system to be used "for exhibitions or in a commercial way", despite the fact that a British inventor had an earlier patent from 1868 for just such a system, using hinged surfaces. In fact, none of the AEA's aircraft used a wing-warping system like the Wrights' for control, relying instead on triangular ailerons designed by Alexander Graham Bell, which he successfully patented in December 1911. However, in 1913 a court ruled that this technique was an infringement of the Wright's 1906 patent.
Three years previous to the ''June Bug''s flight, the Wrights had made flights of up to 24 miles (38 km) without official witnesses. However, the Wrights would have been required to install wheels and dispense with a catapult launch to compete for the 1908 prize.
From October to November, the ''June Bug'' was modified by adding floats to it in an attempt to create a seaplane. Renamed ''Loon'', attempts to fly it began on Keuka Lake on November 28. Although the aircraft could achieve speeds of up to on the water, it could not take off, and on January 2, 1909, one of the floats filled with water, and the ''Loon'' unexpectedly sank. It was recovered, but finally rotted away in a nearby boathouse.
A replica of the ''June Bug'' was built and flown in 1976 by
"The Present Status of Military Aeronautics. II. Aviation. Representative Aeroplanes Of Various Types. The June Bug."
''Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, 1908,'' pp. 135–136 (Also Plate 23, Fig. 2).
{{Curtiss aircraft June Bug Curtiss aircraft 1900s United States experimental aircraft Single-engined pusher aircraft Alexander Graham Bell Canard aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1908
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...
, the Scientific American Cup.
Design and development
The competition offered a solid silver sculpted trophy, and $25,000 in cash, to be awarded to whoever made the first public flight of over 1 kilometer (3,280 ft). Glenn Curtiss had a passion of collecting trophies so he and the Aerial Experiment Association built the ''June Bug'' with hopes of winning the Scientific American Cup. ''Aerodrome #3'' included the previously usedaileron
An aileron (French for "little wing" or "fin") is a hinged flight control surface usually forming part of the trailing edge of each wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. Ailerons are used in pairs to control the aircraft in roll (or movement around ...
steering system, but a shoulder yoke
A yoke is a wooden beam sometimes used between a pair of oxen or other animals to enable them to pull together on a load when working in pairs, as oxen usually do; some yokes are fitted to individual animals. There are several types of yoke, u ...
made it possible for the pilot to steer by leaning from side to side. The varnish that sealed the wing fabric cracked in the heat, and so a mixture of turpentine, paraffin, and gasoline was used. The ''June Bug'' had yellow wings because yellow ochre was added to the wing mixture in order to make the aircraft show up better in photographs, due to the solely orthochromic-form monochrome photographic techniques of that time.
It was named by Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander Graham Bell (, born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born inventor, scientist and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded the American Telephone and T ...
after the common ''Phyllophaga
''Phyllophaga'' is a very large genus (more than 900 species) of New World scarab beetles in the subfamily Melolonthinae. Common names for this genus and many other related genera in the subfamily Melolonthinae are May beetles, June bugs, and ...
'', a beetle known colloquially in North America as the "June bug," because June bugs were observed to fly similarly to aircraft: they have large stiff outer wings for gliding, and more delicate smaller propeller-like wings that do the actual propulsion.
The ''June Bug'' was tested in Hammondsport, New York
Hammondsport is a village at the south end of Keuka Lake, in Steuben County, one of the Finger Lakes of New York, United States.
The Village of Hammondsport is in the Town of Urbana and is northeast of Bath.
History
Lazarus Hammond founded ...
, at Stony Brook Farm. Curtiss flew it successfully on three out of four tries on June 21, 1908, with distances of , , and at . On June 25, performances of and were so encouraging that the Association contacted the Aero Club of America about trying for the Scientific American Cup.
Operational history
Cup attempt
The Aero Club contacted the Wright brothers, offering them the chance to make an attempt first. Orville wrote to decline the opportunity on June 30, as the Wrights were busy completing their deal with the United States government. The message was received by July 1, and Curtiss took to the air as requested on July 4 ( Independence Day).
The flight was a great public event, bringing people in from all directions. The event was overseen by a delegation of 22 notable members of the Aero Club, headed by Alan R. Hawley. Families came as early as 5 a.m. to claim a spot on the grassy hill, along with reporters, photographers, and a motion picture film crew. Consequently, the ''June Bug'' became the first airplane in the United States to perform in a movie. A thunderstorm began, and umbrellas popped up around the hillside. The town of Hammondsport was nearly empty, as everyone was watching the event. The nearby Pleasant Valley Wine Company very generously opened its doors and offered generous free samples to all who were there. Charles M. Manly, who had unsuccessfully tested the Langley Aerodrome in 1903, measured out the 1 km and distance with plenty of volunteer help. The ''June Bug'' took one false start, going high, but not far enough. On the second try, the airplane successfully flew 5,360 ft (1.6 km) in 1 minute 40 seconds, winning the trophy and a US$25,000 cash prize. It was such an amazing sight that one woman watching was hit by a train on nearby tracks and suffered two broken ribs. After the flight, the wine cellars reopened their doors with free champagne for all.
Amidst the publicity following the flight, the Wrights sent a warning to Curtiss that they had not given permission for the use of "their" aircraft control system to be used "for exhibitions or in a commercial way", despite the fact that a British inventor had an earlier patent from 1868 for just such a system, using hinged surfaces. In fact, none of the AEA's aircraft used a wing-warping system like the Wrights' for control, relying instead on triangular ailerons designed by Alexander Graham Bell, which he successfully patented in December 1911. However, in 1913 a court ruled that this technique was an infringement of the Wright's 1906 patent.
Three years previous to the ''June Bug''s flight, the Wrights had made flights of up to 24 miles (38 km) without official witnesses. However, the Wrights would have been required to install wheels and dispense with a catapult launch to compete for the 1908 prize.
Later use
From October to November, the ''June Bug'' was modified by adding floats to it in an attempt to create a seaplane. Renamed ''Loon'', attempts to fly it began on Keuka Lake on November 28. Although the aircraft could achieve speeds of up to on the water, it could not take off, and on January 2, 1909, one of the floats filled with water, and the ''Loon'' unexpectedly sank. It was recovered, but finally rotted away in a nearby boathouse.
A replica of the ''June Bug'' was built and flown in 1976 by Mercury Aircraft
Mercury Corporation was originally an aircraft manufacturer established in Hammondsport, New York in 1920. It built aircraft using the name Mercury Aircraft.
Mercury started as an aircraft supply house selling surplus parts for Curtiss JN-4 airc ...
of Hammondsport.
Specifications
See also
References
;Notes ;Bibliography * Squier, George Owen"The Present Status of Military Aeronautics. II. Aviation. Representative Aeroplanes Of Various Types. The June Bug."
''Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, 1908,'' pp. 135–136 (Also Plate 23, Fig. 2).
External links
{{Curtiss aircraft June Bug Curtiss aircraft 1900s United States experimental aircraft Single-engined pusher aircraft Alexander Graham Bell Canard aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1908