1P-LSD, also known as 1-propanoyl-lysergic acid diethylamide (1-propionyl-LSD), is a

psychedelic drug Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips") and a perceived "expansion of consciousness". Also referred to as classic halluc ...

of the

lysergamide Lysergamides, also known as ergoamides or as lysergic acid amides, are amides of lysergic acid (LA). They are ergolines, with some lysergamides being found naturally in ergot as well as other fungi. Lysergamides are notable in containing embedd ...

class that is a

derivative In mathematics, the derivative is a fundamental tool that quantifies the sensitivity to change of a function's output with respect to its input. The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is t ...

and functional analogue of

LSD Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German ; often referred to as acid or lucy), is a semisynthetic, hallucinogenic compound derived from ergot, known for its powerful psychological effects and serotonergic activity. I ...

and a homologue of

ALD-52 ALD-52, also known as 1-acetyl-LSD (1A-LSD), is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It has been reported to produce similar psychoactive effects as LSD, but its pharmacological effects on hu ...

. It originated in 2015 when it appeared a

designer drug A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. ...

sold online. It was first synthesized as a legal-LSD alternative by Lizard Labs, a Netherlands based

research chemical Research chemicals are chemical substances which scientists use for medical and scientific research purposes. One characteristic of a research chemical is that it is for laboratory research use only; a research chemical is not intended for human ...

laboratory. It modifies the LSD molecule by adding a propionyl group to the nitrogen atom of LSD's

indole Indole is an organic compound with the formula . Indole is classified as an aromatic heterocycle. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring. Indoles are derivatives of indole ...

group.

Pharmacology

Like ALD-52, 1P-LSD is believed to act as a

prodrug A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be ...

for LSD via hydrolysis of the propionyl group. When 1P-LSD is incubated in human serum, administered intravenously to rats, or administered either orally or intravenously to human subjects, high levels of LSD and relatively low levels of 1P-LSD are quickly detected, demonstrating that 1P-LSD is rapidly hydrolyzed into LSD ''in vivo'' following ingestion. Indeed, following intravenous administration in humans 1P-LSD is detectable in serum for no longer than 4 hours, after which it is completely converted to LSD. These findings are supported by the similar duration and behavioral effects of 1P-LSD and LSD in both animal and human experiments.

Effects

The subjective effects of 1P-LSD are not well defined in the scientific literature, although they are generally thought to be comparable to that of LSD. In a 2020 study, the qualitative effects of 1P-LSD and LSD were similar when measured using visual analog scales.

Interactions

Legal status

As of 2015, 1P-LSD is unscheduled in the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

and

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

, but may be considered illegal if sold or used for human consumption as a structural analog of LSD under the Federal Analogue Act in the US. 1P-LSD is a prohibited or controlled substance in Australia, France, Finland, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Japan, Latvia, Norway, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Italy, Singapore, the Czech Republic, and Croatia. 1P-LSD has been illegal in Russia since 2017 as an LSD derivative.

References

External links