1890 United States House election
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The 1890 United States House of Representatives elections were held in the middle of
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...
Benjamin Harrison Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833March 13, 1901) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 23rd president of the United States from 1889 to 1893. He was a member of the Harrison family of Virginia–a grandson of the ninth pr ...
's term. A stagnant economy which became worse after the
Panic of 1890 Panic is a sudden sensation of fear, which is so strong as to dominate or prevent reason and logical thinking, replacing it with overwhelming feelings of anxiety and frantic agitation consistent with an animalistic fight-or-flight reactio ...
, combined with a lack of support for then Representative
William McKinley William McKinley (January 29, 1843September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until his assassination in 1901. As a politician he led a realignment that made his Republican Party largely dominant in ...
's (defeated in the election) steep
tariff A tariff is a tax imposed by the government of a country or by a supranational union on imports or exports of goods. Besides being a source of revenue for the government, import duties can also be a form of regulation of foreign trade and pol ...
act, which favored large industries at the expense of consumers, led to a sharp defeat for Harrison's Republican Party, giving a large majority to the
Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to: *Democratic Party (United States) Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to: Active parties Africa *Botswana Democratic Party *Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea *Gabonese Democratic Party *Demo ...
and presaging Harrison's defeat in the
1892 United States presidential election The 1892 United States presidential election was the 27th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1892. In a rematch of the closely contested 1888 presidential election, former Democratic President Grover Cleveland defeat ...
. The Republican-controlled Congress was highly criticized for its lavish spending, and it earned the unflattering nickname of The Billion Dollar Congress. Democrats promised to cut the outlandish budget. Furthermore, aggressive Republican promotion of controversial English-only education laws enacted by Wisconsin and Illinois in 1889, accompanied by a surge in nativist and
anti-Catholic Anti-Catholicism is hostility towards Catholics or opposition to the Catholic Church, its clergy, and/or its adherents. At various points after the Reformation, some majority Protestant states, including England, Prussia, Scotland, and the Uni ...
sentiment within the state parties, had greatly hollowed out the party's support base in these former strongholds. A rare multi-confessional alliance of mainly German clergy rallied their flocks in defense of language and faith to the Democratic Party, which tore through incumbent Republican majorities in both states, capturing a total of 11 formerly Republican seats between them alone. Bitterly divisive struggles over Temperance movement in the United States, temperance laws had also been alienating immigrants from the increasingly prohibitionist Republican Party across the Midwest more broadly. Dramatic losses in the previous year's gubernatorial elections in Iowa and Ohio (which would lose another 14 Republican congressional seats between them during this election) were due in no small part to wet immigrant communities, especially Germans, expressing their resentment toward Republican efforts to ban or otherwise curtail alcohol consumption by throwing their support behind the Democratic candidates. This election also saw the Populist Party, a coalition of farmers and laborers who wanted to overhaul the nation's financial system, make a small mark on Congress.


Special elections

* : June 21, 1890: William Worth Dickerson, William W. Dickerson (D) elected to finish the term of John G. Carlisle (D), who had resigned May 26, 1890 when 1890 United States Senate special election in Kentucky, elected U.S. senator. Democratic hold. Dickerson: 8,412 (63.95%), Wesley M. Rardin (R) 4,742 (36.05%). * : December 9, 1890: Thomas J. Geary (D) elected to finish the term of John J. De Haven (R), who had resigned October 1, 1890. Democratic gain. * * : James P. Walker (D) died July 19, 1890, and Robert Henry Whitelaw, Robert H. Whitelaw (D) was elected November 4, 1890. Democratic hold.


Election summaries

The previous election of 1888 saw the election of one Labor Party (United States, 19th century), Labor Party representative in Arkansas.


Early election dates

In 1890, five states, with 9 seats among them, held elections early: *June 3 Oregon *September 2 Vermont *September 8 Maine *September 11 Idaho *October 1 Wyoming Idaho and Wyoming held elections for both the outgoing 51st United States Congress, 51st Congress and the incoming 52nd Congress in 1890, having been admitted that year, and held future elections on the standard election day.


Alabama


Arkansas


California

, - , , colspan=3 , Vacant , , Incumbent resigned October 1, 1890.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - , , Marion Biggs , , Democratic , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1886 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - , , Joseph McKenna , , Republican , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1884 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - , , William W. Morrow , , Republican , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1884 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold. , nowrap , , - , , Thomas J. Clunie , , Democratic , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1888 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain. , nowrap , , - , , William Vandever , , Republican , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1886 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold. , nowrap ,


Colorado

, - ! , Hosea Townsend , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap ,


Connecticut


Delaware

, - ! , John B. Penington , , Democratic , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections, 1886 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected
Democratic hold. , nowrap ,


Florida

, - , , Robert H. M. Davidson , , Democratic , 1876 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, 1876 , , Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - , , Robert Bullock , , Democratic , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap ,


Georgia


Idaho

There were two elections to the new state of Idaho.


51st Congress

, - ! , colspan=3 , New district , , New seat.
New member elected.
Republican gain. , nowrap ,


52nd Congress

, - ! , Willis Sweet , , Republican , 1890 United States House of Representatives election in Idaho, 1890 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap ,


Illinois


Indiana


Iowa


Kansas


Kentucky


Louisiana


Maine


Maryland


Massachusetts

, - ! , Charles S. Randall , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Elijah A. Morse , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , John F. Andrew , , Democratic , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Joseph Henry O'Neil , , Democratic , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected , , - ! , Nathaniel P. Banks , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 1888 , , Incumbent was not re-nominated.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , Henry Cabot Lodge , , Republican , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 1886 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , William Cogswell , , Republican , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 1886 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Frederic T. Greenhalge , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 1888 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , John W. Candler , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 1888 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , Joseph H. Walker , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Rodney Wallace (politician), Rodney Wallace , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 1888 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , Francis W. Rockwell (politician), Francis W. Rockwell , , Republican , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 1884 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap ,


Michigan


Mississippi

, - ! , John Mills Allen, John M. Allen , , Democratic , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi, 1884 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , James B. Morgan , , Democratic , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi, 1884 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - ! , Thomas C. Catchings , , Democratic , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi, 1884 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Clarke Lewis , , Democratic , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Chapman L. Anderson , , Democratic , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi, 1886 , , Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - ! , T. R. Stockdale , , Democratic , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi, 1886 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Charles E. Hooker , , Democratic , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi, 1886 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap ,


Missouri


Montana

, - ! , Thomas H. Carter , , Republican , 1889 United States House of Representatives election in Montana, 1889 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap ,


Nebraska

, - ! , William James Connell, William J. Connell , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska, 1888 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , Gilbert L. Laws , , Republican , 1889 Nebraska's 2nd congressional district special election, 1889 (special) , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Populist gain. , nowrap , , - ! , George Washington Emery Dorsey, George W. E. Dorsey , , Republican , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska, 1884 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Populist gain. , nowrap ,


Nevada


New Hampshire


New Jersey


New York


North Carolina


North Dakota

, - ! , Henry C. Hansbrough , , Republican , 1889 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota, 1889 , , Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold. , nowrap ,


Ohio

The Ohio General Assembly, Ohio Legislature redistricted the state between censuses. Coupled with other Democratic gains, History of 19th century congressional redistricting in Ohio, this redistricting gave the Democrats a nine-seat net gain. , - , , Benjamin Butterworth , , Republican , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1884 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold. , nowrap , , - , , John A. Caldwell , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - , rowspan=2 , , Elihu S. Williams , , Republican , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1886 , , Incumbent retired.
Republican loss. , rowspan=2 nowrap , , - , Henry Lee Morey
Redistricted from the 7th district , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1888 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , - , , Samuel S. Yoder , , Democratic , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1886 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - , , George E. Seney , , Democratic , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1886 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - , , Melvin M. Boothman , , Republican , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1886 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - , , William E. Haynes
Redistricted from the 10th district , , Democratic , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - , , Robert P. Kennedy , , Republican , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1886 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - , rowspan=2 , , William C. Cooper (politician), William C. Cooper , , Republican , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1884 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican loss. , rowspan=2 nowrap , , - , Joseph H. Outhwaite
Redistricted from the 13th district , , Democratic , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1884 , Incumbent re-elected. , - , , colspan=3 , Open seat , , New seat.
New member elected.
Republican gain. , nowrap , , - , , Albert C. Thompson , , Republican , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1886 , , Lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - , , Jacob J. Pugsley , , Republican , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1886 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold. , nowrap , , - , , colspan=3 , Open seat , , New seat.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - , rowspan=2 , , Charles Preston Wickham , , Republican , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1886 , , Incumbent retired.
Republican loss. , rowspan=2 nowrap , , - , James W. Owens (congressman), James W. Owens
Redistricted from the 16th district , , Democratic , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , - , , Charles H. Grosvenor , , Republican , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1886 , , Lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - , ,
William McKinley William McKinley (January 29, 1843September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until his assassination in 1901. As a politician he led a realignment that made his Republican Party largely dominant in ...

Redistricted from the 18th district , , Republican , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1886 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - , , colspan=3 , Open seat , , New seat.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - , , Joseph D. Taylor
Redistricted from the 17th district , , Republican , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1886 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - , , Ezra B. Taylor , , Republican , 1880 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio#Separate elections, 1880 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - , , Martin L. Smyser , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1888 , , Lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold. , nowrap , , - , , Theodore E. Burton , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 1888 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap ,


Oregon


Pennsylvania


Rhode Island


South Carolina

, - , , Samuel Dibble , , Democratic , 1882 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1882 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - , , George D. Tillman , , Democratic , 1878 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1878 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - , , James S. Cothran , , Democratic , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1886 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - , , William H. Perry (South Carolina politician), William H. Perry , , Democratic , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1884 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - , , John J. Hemphill , , Democratic , 1882 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1882 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - , , George W. Dargan , , Democratic , 1882 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1882 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - , , Thomas E. Miller , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1888 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap ,


South Dakota

, - ! rowspan=2 ,
, John Pickler , , Republican , nowrap , 1889 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota, 1889 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap rowspan=2 , , - , Oscar S. Gifford , , Republican , nowrap , 1889 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota, 1889 , , Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.


Tennessee

, - ! , Alfred A. Taylor , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Leonidas C. Houk , , Republican , 1878 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 1878 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Henry Clay Evans, Henry C. Evans , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 1888 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , Benton McMillin , , Democratic , 1878 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 1878 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , James D. Richardson , , Democratic , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 1884 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Joseph E. Washington , , Democratic , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 1886 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Washington C. Whitthorne , , Democratic , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 1886 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - ! , Benjamin A. Enloe , , Democratic , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 1886 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Rice Alexander Pierce, Rice A. Pierce , , Democratic , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , James Phelan Jr. , , Democratic , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, 1886 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. ,


Texas


Utah

See 1890 United States House of Representatives elections#Non-voting delegates, Non-voting delegates below.


Vermont

, - ! , John Wolcott Stewart, John W. Stewart , , Republican , 1882 United States House of Representatives elections, 1882 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - ! , William W. Grout , , Republican , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections, 1884 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap ,


Virginia

, - ! , Thomas H. B. Browne , , Republican , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections, 1886 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , George E. Bowden , , Republican , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections, 1886 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , Edmund Waddill Jr. , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections, 1888 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , John Mercer Langston, John M. Langston , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections, 1888 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , Posey G. Lester , , Democratic , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Paul C. Edmunds , , Democratic , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections, 1886 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Charles Triplett O'Ferrall, Charles T. O'Ferrall , , Democratic , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections, 1884 , Incumbent re-elected , nowrap , , - ! , William Henry Fitzhugh Lee, William H. F. Lee , , Democratic , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections, 1886 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , John A. Buchanan , , Democratic , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Henry St. George Tucker III, Henry St. George Tucker , , Democratic , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected , nowrap ,


Washington

, - ! , John L. Wilson , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap ,


West Virginia

, - ! , George W. Atkinson , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia, 1888 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , William Lyne Wilson, William L. Wilson , , Democratic , 1882 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia, 1882 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , John D. Alderson , , Democratic , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Charles Brooks Smith, Charles B. Smith , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia, 1888 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap ,


Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected nine members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1890. , - ! , Lucien B. Caswell , , Republican , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin, 1884 , , Incumbent lost re-nomination.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , Charles Barwig , , Democratic , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Robert M. La Follette , , Republican , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin, 1884 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , Isaac W. Van Schaick , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin, 1888 , , Incumbent declined re-nomination.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , George H. Brickner , , Democratic , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin, 1888 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Charles B. Clark , , Republican , 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin, 1886 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , Ormsby B. Thomas , , Republican , 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin, 1884 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! , Nils P. Haugen , , Republican , 1887 United States House of Representatives elections, 1887 , Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Myron H. McCord , , Republican , 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin, 1888 , , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap ,


Wyoming

Republican Clarence D. Clark was elected over Democrat George T. Beck in a single ballot both to finish the current term (ending 1891) and the next term (beginning 1891). , - ! , colspan=3 , Vacant (new seat) , , New member elected.
Republican gain. , nowrap ,


Non-voting delegates


51st Congress

, - ! , colspan=3 , New seat , , New seat.
New delegate elected to finish the current term.
Republican gain. , nowrap ,


52nd Congress

, - ! , - ! , - ! , colspan=3 , New seat , , New seat.
New delegate elected to the next term.
Republican gain. , nowrap , , - ! , John Thomas Caine, John T. Caine , , Populist , 1882 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming Territory, 1882 , Incumbent re-elected , nowrap ,


See also

* 1890 United States elections ** 1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections * 51st United States Congress * 52nd United States Congress


Notes


References


Bibliography

* * * *


External links


Office of the Historian
(Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives) {{United States House of Representatives elections 1890 United States House of Representatives elections,