Declaration of Independence (1819), by John Trumbull

Events

January–February

January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the ye ...

–

American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...

– Burning of Norfolk: The town of

Norfolk, Virginia Norfolk ( ) is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Incorporated in 1705, it had a population of 238,005 at the 2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in Virginia after neighboring Virginia B ...

is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against Fr ...

and occupying Patriot forces. *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 * 49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the ...

–

American Revolution The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revoluti ...

–

Thomas Paine Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In th ...

publishes his pamphlet ''

Common Sense ''Common Sense'' is a 47-page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–1776 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies. Writing in clear and persuasive prose, Paine collected various moral and political arg ...

'', arguing for independence from British rule in the

Thirteen Colonies The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies, the Thirteen American Colonies, or later as the United Colonies, were a group of British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. Founded in the 17th and 18th centu ...

. *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 & ...

–

South Carolina )''Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...

Loyalist Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British C ...

s led by Robert Cunningham sign a petition from prison, agreeing to all demands for peace by the formed state government of South Carolina. *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Counc ...

–

Henry Knox Henry Knox (July 25, 1750 – October 25, 1806), a Founding Father of the United States, was a senior general of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War, serving as chief of artillery in most of Washington's campaigns. Following th ...

arrives at

Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As part of the Boston metropolitan area, the cities population of the 2020 U.S. census was 118,403, making it the fourth most populous city in the state, behind Boston, ...

, with the artillery that he has transported from Fort Ticonderoga. *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons ...

–

Edward Gibbon Edward Gibbon (; 8 May 173716 January 1794) was an English historian, writer, and member of parliament. His most important work, '' The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'', published in six volumes between 1776 and 1788, i ...

publishes the first volume of ''

The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire ''The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' is a six-volume work by the English historian Edward Gibbon. It traces Western civilization (as well as the Islamic and Mongolian conquests) from the height of the Roman Empire to th ...

''. *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantin ...

–

Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge The Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge was a minor conflict of the American Revolutionary War fought near Wilmington (present-day Pender County), North Carolina, on February 27, 1776. The victory of the North Carolina Provincial Congress' militia ...

: Scottish

North Carolina North Carolina () is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 28th largest and List of states and territories of the United ...

Loyalists charge across Moore's Creek Bridge near Wilmington, to attack what they mistakenly believe to be a small force of rebels. Several bad leaders are killed in the ensuing battle. The patriot victory virtually ends all British authority in the province.

March–April

March March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is the second of seven months to have a length of 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March ...

– Restrictions on the cereal trade in

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic countries, Nordic c ...

are lifted. *

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome (537–38), Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoths, Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Piazza del Popolo, Flaminian Gate; he a ...

– 3 –

: ** Battle of Nassau: The American

Continental Navy The Continental Navy was the navy of the United States during the American Revolutionary War and was founded October 13, 1775. The fleet cumulatively became relatively substantial through the efforts of the Continental Navy's patron John Ad ...

and

Marines Marines, or naval infantry, are typically a military force trained to operate in littoral zones in support of naval operations. Historically, tasks undertaken by marines have included helping maintain discipline and order aboard the ship (refl ...

make a successful assault on

Nassau, Bahamas Nassau ( ) is the capital and largest city of the Bahamas. With a population of 274,400 as of 2016, or just over 70% of the entire population of the Bahamas, Nassau is commonly defined as a primate city, dwarfing all other towns in the country. ...

. **

Battle of the Rice Boats The Battle of the Rice Boats, also called the Battle of Yamacraw Bluff, was a land and naval battle of the American Revolutionary War that took place in and around the Savannah River on the border between the Province of Georgia and the Province ...

: American Patriots resist the Royal Navy on the

Savannah River The Savannah River is a major river in the southeastern United States, forming most of the border between the states of South Carolina and Georgia. Two tributaries of the Savannah, the Tugaloo River and the Chattooga River, form the nor ...

; British control over the

Province of Georgia A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions out ...

is lost. *

March 4 Events Pre-1600 * AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a ...

–

– American Patriots

capture Capture may refer to: *Asteroid capture, a phenomenon in which an asteroid enters a stable orbit around another body *Capture, a software for lighting design, documentation and visualisation *"Capture" a song by Simon Townshend *Capture (band), an ...

Dorchester Heights, dominating the port of

Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...

. *

March 9 Events Pre-1600 *141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. *1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. *1226 &ndas ...

– Scottish economist

Adam Smith Adam Smith (baptized 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. Seen by some as "The Father of Economics"——� ...

publishes ''

The Wealth of Nations ''An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations'', generally referred to by its shortened title ''The Wealth of Nations'', is the '' magnum opus'' of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith. First published in ...

'' in London. *

March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ei ...

–

– Threatened by Patriot cannons on Dorchester Heights, the British evacuate

, ending the 11‑month

Siege of Boston The siege of Boston (April 19, 1775 – March 17, 1776) was the opening phase of the American Revolutionary War. New England militiamen prevented the movement by land of the British Army, which was garrisoned in what was then the peninsular town ...

. *

March 28 Events Pre-1600 *AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Didiu ...

Juan Bautista de Anza Juan Bautista de Anza Bezerra Nieto (July 6 or 7, 1736 – December 19, 1788) was an expeditionary leader, military officer, and politician primarily in California and New Mexico under the Spanish Empire. He is credited as one of the founding f ...

finds the site for the

Presidio of San Francisco The Presidio of San Francisco (originally, El Presidio Real de San Francisco or The Royal Fortress of Saint Francis) is a park and former U.S. Army post on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula in San Francisco, California, and is part ...

. ** The

Bolshoi Ballet The Bolshoi Ballet is an internationally renowned classical ballet company based at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, Russia. Founded in 1776, the Bolshoi is among the world's oldest ballet companies. In the early 20th century, it came to internat ...

, a worldwide known ballet group, founded in Teatralnaxa,

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...

. *

April 12 Events Pre-1600 * 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I. * 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to ...

–

– The Royal Colony of North Carolina produces the Halifax Resolves, making it the first British colony to officially authorize its

Continental Congress The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America, and the newly declared United States just before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. ...

delegates, to vote for independence from the

Kingdom of Great Britain The Kingdom of Great Britain (officially Great Britain) was a sovereign country in Western Europe from 1 May 1707 to the end of 31 December 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, wh ...

. *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...

–

Jeongjo Jeongjo of Joseon (28 October 1752 – 18 August 1800), personal name Yi San (Korean: 이산; Hanja: 李祘), sometimes called Jeongjo the Great (Korean: 정조대왕; Hanja: 正祖大王), was the 22nd monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. ...

becomes the King of Joseon following the death of his grandfather

Yeongjo Yeongjo of Joseon (31 October 1694 – 22 April 1776), personal name Yi Geum (Korean: 이금, Hanja: 李昑), was the 21st monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the second son of King Sukjong, by his concubine Royal Noble Consort Suk ...

May–June

* May 1 –

Adam Weishaupt Johann Adam Weishaupt (; 6 February 1748 – 18 November 1830)''Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie'Vol. 41, p. 539Engel, Leopold. ''Geschichte des Illuminaten-ordens''. Berlin: H. Bermühler Verlag, 1906.van Dülmen, Richard. ''Der Geheimbund der Ill ...

founds the ''

Illuminati The Illuminati (; plural of Latin ''illuminatus'', 'enlightened') is a name given to several groups, both real and fictitious. Historically, the name usually refers to the Bavarian Illuminati, an Enlightenment-era secret society founded on ...

'' in

Ingolstadt Ingolstadt (, Austro-Bavarian: ) is an independent city on the Danube in Upper Bavaria with 139,553 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2022). Around half a million people live in the metropolitan area. Ingolstadt is the second largest city in Upper Ba ...

Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total l ...

. *

May 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''. * 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus ar ...

–

Rhode Island Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the List of U.S. states by area, smallest U.S. state by area and the List of states and territories of the United States ...

becomes the first American colony to renounce allegiance to

King George III of Great Britain George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

. * May 15– 26 –

– Battle of the Cedars: British forces skirmish with the American

Continental Army The Continental Army was the army of the United Colonies (the Thirteen Colonies) in the Revolutionary-era United States. It was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and was establis ...

around

Les Cèdres, Quebec Les Cèdres is a municipality located north of the Saint Lawrence River in the Montérégie of Quebec, Canada, near Vaudreuil-Dorion. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 7,184. The name means "The Cedars" in French. There is an e ...

. *

June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed ...

– A fire destroys major parts of the town of

Askersund Askersund is a locality and the seat of Askersund Municipality, Örebro County, Sweden with a population census of 3,887 inhabitants in 2010. Geography Askersund is a popular tourist destination with swimming and nature experiences. The city ...

. * June 7 –

– Richard Henry Lee of

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are ...

proposes to the

Second Continental Congress The Second Continental Congress was a late-18th-century meeting of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that united in support of the American Revolutionary War. The Congress was creating a new country it first named "United Colonies" and in 1 ...

(meeting in Philadelphia) that "these united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states." *

June 8 Events Pre-1600 * 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus. * 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces ...

–

– Battle of Trois-Rivières: The invading American Continental Army is driven back at Trois-Rivières, Quebec. * June 11 –

– The

appoints a Committee of Five to draft a

Declaration of Independence A declaration of independence or declaration of statehood or proclamation of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of th ...

. *

June 12 Events Pre-1600 * 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors. *1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...

–

– The ''

Virginia Declaration of Rights The Virginia Declaration of Rights was drafted in 1776 to proclaim the inherent rights of men, including the right to reform or abolish "inadequate" government. It influenced a number of later documents, including the United States Declaratio ...

'' (by

George Mason George Mason (October 7, 1792) was an American planter, politician, Founding Father, and delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787, one of the three delegates present who refused to sign the Constitution. His writings, including ...

) is adopted by the Virginia Convention of Delegates. * June 15 –

– Delaware Separation Day: The Delaware General Assembly votes to suspend government under the British Crown. *

June 17 Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. *1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...

– Lt.

José Joaquín Moraga José Joaquín de la Santísima Trinidad Moraga (22 August 1745 – 13 July 1785), usually simply known as José Joaquín Moraga, was a Spanish colonial expeditionary and soldier who founded San Jose, California, in 1777. Life José Joaquín Mor ...

leads a band of colonists from Monterey Presidio, landing on

June 29 Events Pre-1600 * 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei. *1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi. *1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, ...

and, with Father Francisco Palóu, constructing the

Mission San Francisco de Asís Mission San Francisco de Asís ( es, Misión San Francisco de Asís), commonly known as Mission Dolores (as it was founded near the Dolores creek), is a Spanish Californian mission and the oldest surviving structure in San Francisco. Located i ...

("Mission Dolores") of the new Presidio of

San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish for " Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California and 17t ...

, the oldest surviving building in the modern-day city. *

June 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch. * 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II. * 1461 – ...

–

Battle of Sullivan's Island The Battle of Sullivan's Island or the Battle of Fort Sullivan was fought on June 28, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War. It took place near Charleston, South Carolina, during the first British attempt to capture the city from American ...

militia repel a British attack on Charleston. *

–

– Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet: The American

successfully challenges the British

blockade off

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delawa ...

July–August

* July 2 –

– The final U.S. Declaration of Independence (with minor revisions) is written. The Continental Congress passes the Lee Resolution. *

July 4 Events Pre-1600 *362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. * 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaimed ...

–

United States Declaration of Independence The United States Declaration of Independence, formally The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen States of America, is the pronouncement and founding document adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at Pennsylvania State House ( ...

: The Continental Congress ratifies the declaration by the United States of its independence from the

. *

July 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1099 – Some 15,000 starving Christian soldiers begin the siege of Jerusalem by marching in a religious procession around the city as its Muslim defenders watch. *1283 – Roger of Lauria, commanding the Aragonese ...

–

– The

Liberty Bell The Liberty Bell, previously called the State House Bell or Old State House Bell, is an iconic symbol of American independence, located in Philadelphia. Originally placed in the steeple of the Pennsylvania State House (now renamed Independen ...

rings in Philadelphia, for the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence. *

July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...

–

– An angry mob in New York City topples the equestrian statue of

George III of Great Britain George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

Bowling Green A bowling green is a finely laid, close-mown and rolled stretch of turf for playing the game of bowls. Before 1830, when Edwin Beard Budding of Thrupp, near Stroud, UK, invented the lawnmower, lawns were often kept cropped by grazing sheep ...

. *

July 12 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – The armies of Titus attack the walls of Jerusalem after a six-month siege. Three days later they breach the walls, which enables the army to destroy the Second Temple. * 927 – King Constantine I ...

– Captain

James Cook James Cook (7 November 1728 Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy, famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean and ...

sets off from

Plymouth Plymouth () is a port city status in the United Kingdom, city and unitary authority in South West England. It is located on the south coast of Devon, approximately south-west of Exeter and south-west of London. It is bordered by Cornwall to ...

, England, in HMS ''Resolution'' on his third voyage, to the Pacific Ocean and

Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar regions of Earth, polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenla ...

, which will be fatal. * July 21 –

Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...

's '' Serenade No. 7'' (the "Haffner") is first performed in

Salzburg Salzburg (, ; literally "Salt-Castle"; bar, Soizbuag, label=Austro-Bavarian) is the fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872. The town is on the site of the Roman settlement of ''Iuvavum''. Salzburg was founded ...

, Austria. * July 29 – Francisco Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, Francisco Atanasio Domínguez, and eight other Spaniards set out from Santa Fe, on an eighteen-hundred mile trek through the American Southwest. They are the first Europeans to explore the vast region between the Rockies and the Sierras. * August 1 – The

Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata ( es, Virreinato del Río de la Plata or es, Virreinato de las Provincias del Río de la Plata) meaning "River of the Silver", also called " Viceroyalty of the River Plate" in some scholarly writings, i ...

is established in southern South America. *

August 2 Events Pre-1600 * 338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean. * 216 BC – The Carthaginian ...

– Most of the American colonies ratify the

. * August 15 –

– The first Hessian troops land on

Staten Island Staten Island ( ) is a Boroughs of New York City, borough of New York City, coextensive with Richmond County, in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York. Located in the city's southwest portion, the borough is separated from New Jersey b ...

, to join British forces. * August 27 –

–

Battle of Long Island The Battle of Long Island, also known as the Battle of Brooklyn and the Battle of Brooklyn Heights, was an action of the American Revolutionary War fought on August 27, 1776, at the western edge of Long Island in present-day Brooklyn, New Yor ...

Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...

's troops are defeated in

Brooklyn Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...

by the British, under William Howe. * August – The guild organisation '' Marchandes de modes'' is founded in Paris.

September–October

* September 1 – The invasion of the Cherokee Nation by 6,000 patriot troops from Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina begins. The troops destroy 36 Cherokee towns. * September 6 – A hurricane hits

Guadeloupe Guadeloupe (; ; gcf, label= Antillean Creole, Gwadloup, ) is an archipelago and overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean. It consists of six inhabited islands— Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, La Désirade, and ...

, killing more than 6,000 people. * September 7 –

– World's first

submarine A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely op ...

attack: The American submersible craft ''

Turtle Turtles are an order of reptiles known as Testudines, characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the Pleurodira (side necked turtles) and Cryptodira (hidden necked t ...

'' attempts to attach a time bomb to the hull of British Admiral Richard Howe's flagship , in

New York Harbor New York Harbor is at the mouth of the Hudson River where it empties into New York Bay near the East River tidal estuary, and then into the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast of the United States. It is one of the largest natural harbors in ...

. * September 9 – The

officially names its union of states the ''

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...

''. * September 11 –

– An abortive peace conference takes place between the British and Americans, on

. * September 15 –

– Landing at Kip's Bay: British troops land on

Manhattan Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...

at Kips Bay. Nathan Hale hanged by British 1776

* September 16 –

– Battle of Harlem Heights: The Continental Army under Washington is victorious against the British on Manhattan. *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". * 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Emp ...

– The

is founded in New Spain. * September 22 –

–

Nathan Hale Nathan Hale (June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776) was an American Patriot, soldier and spy for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission in New York City but was captured ...

is executed by the British in New York City, for espionage. * September 24 ** The first running of the St Leger Stakes horse race (not yet named) in England, first of the

British Classic Races The British Classics are five long-standing Group 1 horse races run during the traditional flat racing season. They are restricted to three-year-old horses and traditionally represent the pinnacle of achievement for racehorses against their o ...

, devised by

Anthony St Leger (British Army officer) Major-General Anthony St Leger (1731/32 – 19 April 1786) was a successful soldier, a Member of Parliament for Grimsby, and the founder of the St. Leger Stakes horse race. Family Born in February 1731 at Grangemellon, Kildare, Ireland, he w ...

, takes place on Cantley Common at

Doncaster Doncaster (, ) is a city in South Yorkshire, England. Named after the River Don, it is the administrative centre of the larger City of Doncaster. It is the second largest settlement in South Yorkshire after Sheffield. Doncaster is situated in ...

. The winner is a filly (later named

Allabaculia Allabaculia, or alternatively Alabaculia, (foaled 1773) was a British racemare that was the winner of the first St. Leger Stakes in 1776. Her maternal pedigree was not recorded and she did not race under the name "Allabaculia", with the name bes ...

) owned by the organiser, the

2nd Marquess of Rockingham Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, (13 May 1730 – 1 July 1782; styled The Hon. Charles Watson-Wentworth before 1733, Viscount Higham between 1733 and 1746, Earl of Malton between 1746 and 1750 and The Marquess of Rocking ...

. ** The

Bolshoi Theatre The Bolshoi Theatre ( rus, Большо́й теа́тр, r=Bol'shoy teatr, literally "Big Theater", p=bɐlʲˈʂoj tʲɪˈatər) is a historic theatre in Moscow, Russia, originally designed by architect Joseph Bové, which holds ballet and ope ...

company hosts its first annual

opera Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. Such a "work" (the literal translation of the Italian word "opera") is typically a collaboration between a composer and a libr ...

season, with the opening of the ''Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre'' in

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

, Russia. * October 7 –

Crown Prince A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The female form of the title is crown princess, which may refer either to an heiress apparent or, especially in earlier times, to the w ...

Paul of Russia marries Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg. * October 9 – Father Francisco Palóu founds the

, in what is now

. * October 11 –

–

Battle of Valcour Island The Battle of Valcour Island, also known as the Battle of Valcour Bay, was a naval engagement that took place on October 11, 1776, on Lake Champlain. The main action took place in Valcour Bay, a narrow strait between the New York mainland and Va ...

: On

Lake Champlain , native_name_lang = , image = Champlainmap.svg , caption = Lake Champlain-River Richelieu watershed , image_bathymetry = , caption_bathymetry = , location = New York/ Vermont in the United States; and Quebec in Canada , coords = , type ...

near Valcour Island, a British fleet led by Sir Guy Carleton defeats 15 American gunboats, commanded by Brigadier General

Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold ( Brandt (1994), p. 4June 14, 1801) was an American military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defect ...

. Although nearly all of Arnold's ships are destroyed, the two-day-long battle will give Patriot forces enough time to prepare the defenses of New York City. * October 18 –

– Battle of Pell's Point: Troops of the American

resist a British and Hessian force in

The Bronx The Bronx () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Bronx County, in the state of New York. It is south of Westchester County; north and east of the New York City borough of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of the New ...

. * October 28 –

– Battle of White Plains: British forces arrive at White Plains, attack and capture Chatterton Hill from the Americans. * October 31 – In his first speech before British Parliament since the Declaration of Independence that summer, King

George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

acknowledges that all is not going well for Britain, in the war with the United States.

November–December

* November 16 –

–

Battle of Fort Washington The Battle of Fort Washington was fought in New York on November 16, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War between the United States and Great Britain. It was a British victory that gained the surrender of the remnant of the garrison of ...

: Hessian forces under Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen capture Fort Washington (Manhattan) from the American

. The captain of the American navy ship '' Andrew Doria'' fires a salute to the Dutch flag on Fort Oranje, and Johannes de Graaff answers with 11 gun shots. *

November 20 Events Pre-1600 * 284 – Diocletian is chosen as Roman emperor. * 762 – During the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang dynasty, with the help of Huihe tribe, recaptures Luoyang from the rebels. *1194 – Palermo is conquered by Henr ...

–

Battle of Fort Lee Fort Lee Historic Park is located atop a bluff of the Hudson Palisades overlooking Burdett's Landing, known as Mount Constitution, in Fort Lee, New Jersey, United States. Native Americans appear to have lived in the area for thousands of years ...

: The invasion of

, by British and Hessian forces, leads to the subsequent general retreat of the American Continental Army. *

December 5 Events Pre-1600 * 63 BC – Cicero gives the fourth and final of the Catiline Orations. * 633 – Fourth Council of Toledo opens, presided over by Isidore of Seville. * 1033 – The Jordan Rift Valley earthquake destroys multipl ...

– The

Phi Beta Kappa Society The Phi Beta Kappa Society () is the oldest academic honor society in the United States, and the most prestigious, due in part to its long history and academic selectivity. Phi Beta Kappa aims to promote and advocate excellence in the liberal ...

is founded at the

College of William & Mary The College of William & Mary (officially The College of William and Mary in Virginia, abbreviated as William & Mary, W&M) is a public research university in Williamsburg, Virginia. Founded in 1693 by letters patent issued by King William I ...

. * December 6 – The General Assembly of

votes to create

Kentucky County Kentucky County (then alternately spelled Kentucke County) was formed by the Commonwealth of Virginia from the western portion (beyond the Cumberland Mountains) of Fincastle County effective December 31, 1776. The name of the county was taken ...

as the portion of the colony's Fincastle County that is located west of the Cumberland Mountains. In 1792, the county will become the 15th state of the United States as the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The rest of Fincastle County, between the

Blue Ridge Mountains The Blue Ridge Mountains are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian Mountains range. The mountain range is located in the Eastern United States, and extends 550 miles southwest from southern Pennsylvania through Maryland, West Virg ...

and the Appalachians is divided into the first county to be named after

George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of ...

(

Washington County, Virginia Washington County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 53,935. Its county seat is Abingdon. Washington County is part of the Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol, TN-VA Metropolitan Statis ...

) in the south along the border with the

colony, and Montgomery County in the north. The divisions take effect on December 31. * December 7 –

– The

Marquis de Lafayette Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette (6 September 1757 – 20 May 1834), known in the United States as Lafayette (, ), was a French aristocrat, freemason and military officer who fought in the American Revolutio ...

attempts to enter the American military as a major general. * December 12 – The second Continental Congress ends after a session that began on May 10, 1775, and continued for 582 days.''Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909'', ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p166 * December 19 –

–

, living with Washington's troops, publishes the first in the series of pamphlets on ''

The American Crisis ''The American Crisis'', or simply ''The Crisis'', is a pamphlet series by eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosopher and author Thomas Paine, originally published from 1776 to 1783 during the American Revolution. Thirteen numbered pamphlets w ...

'' in '' The Pennsylvania Journal'', opening with the stirring phrase, "These are the times that try men's souls." * December 21 –

– The Royal Colony of North Carolina reorganizes into the

State of North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia an ...

after adopting its own constitution. Richard Caswell becomes the first governor of the newly formed state. The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton December 26 1776

The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton December 26 1776

* December 25 –

– At 6 p.m. Gen. George Washington and his troops, numbering 2,400, march to

McConkey's Ferry Washington Crossing Historic Park is a 500-acre (2 km2) state park operated by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources in partnership with the Friends of Washington Crossing Park. The park is divided into two sectio ...

, cross the Delaware River, and land on the New Jersey bank by 3 a.m. the following morning. * December 26 –

–

Battle of Trenton The Battle of Trenton was a small but pivotal American Revolutionary War battle on the morning of December 26, 1776, in Trenton, New Jersey. After General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River north of Trenton the previous night, ...

: Washington's troops surprise the 1,500 Hessian troops under the command of Col. Johann Rall at 8 a.m. outside Trenton and score a victory, taking 948 prisoners while suffering only five wounded.

Date unknown

Adlan II Adlan II (died 1789) was the ruler of the Kingdom of Sennar (1776 - 1789). He defeated the Vizier Rajab Rajab ( ar, رَجَب) is the seventh month of the Islamic calendar. The lexical definition of the classical Arabic verb ''rajaba'' is " ...

becomes ruler of the

Kingdom of Sennar The Funj Sultanate, also known as Funjistan, Sultanate of Sennar (after its capital Sennar) or Blue Sultanate due to the traditional Sudanese convention of referring to black people as blue () was a monarchy in what is now Sudan, northwestern E ...

. * The first commercial examples of the

Watt steam engine The Watt steam engine design became synonymous with steam engines, and it was many years before significantly new designs began to replace the basic Watt design. The first steam engines, introduced by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, were of the "a ...

are sold.R. L. Hills, ''James Watt: II The Years of Toil, 1775–1785'' (Landmark, Ashbourne, 2005), 58–65.

Births

– James M. Broom, American politician (d.

1850 Events January–June * April ** Pope Pius IX returns from exile to Rome. ** Stephen Foster's parlor ballad " Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway" is published in the United States. * April 4 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a city ...

) *

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empire ...

– Jeremiah Chaplin, American Reformed Baptist theologian (d. 1841) *

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

– Thomas Morris, American politician (d.

1844 In the Philippines, it was the only leap year with 365 days, as December 31 was skipped when 1845 began after December 30. Events January–March * January 15 – The University of Notre Dame, based in the city of the same name, receives ...

) *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engl ...

** Bernardino Drovetti, Italian diplomat (d. 1852) ** Jean-Baptiste Prosper Jollois, French Egyptologist (d. 1842) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...

** Ferdinand von Schill, German noble (d. 1809) ** Auguste Jean Ameil, French soldier (d. 1822) *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I and Alfred the Great lead a West Saxon army to repel an inv ...

–

Thomas Langlois Lefroy Thomas Langlois Lefroy (8 January 1776 – 4 May 1869) was an Irish-Huguenot politician and judge. He served as an MP for the constituency of Dublin University in 1830–1841, Privy Councillor of Ireland in 1835–1869 and Lord Chief Justi ...

, Irish politician (d. 1869) *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin ...

–

Ludwig Rhesa Martin Ludwig Jedemin Rhesa ( lt, Martynas Liudvikas Gediminas Rėza; 9 January 1776 – 30 August 1840) was a Lutheran pastor and a professor at the University of Königsberg in East Prussia. He is best remembered as publisher of Lithuanian texts ...

, Prussian scholar (d. 1840) *

– George Birkbeck, English doctor, academic and philanthropist (d. 1841) *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. *1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...

–

Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, (15 January 1776 – 30 November 1834) was a great-grandson of King George II of Great Britain and the nephew and son-in-law of King George III. He was the grandson of both Frederick, P ...

, Roman-born British prince (d. 1834) *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire. * 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Sp ...

** Matthew Brown, American college president (d.

1853 Events January–March * January 6 – Florida Governor Thomas Brown signs legislation that provides public support for the new East Florida Seminary, leading to the establishment of the University of Florida. * January 8 – Taiping Reb ...

) ** João Soares de Albergaria de Sousa, Portuguese politician (d.

1875 Events January–March * January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of th ...

) ** Richard Onslow, English archdeacon (d. 1849) *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people ...

''(bapt.)'' – Jane Porter, English novelist (d.

) *

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when ...

Poul Christian Holst Poul Christian Holst (21 January 1776 – 7 August 1863) was a Norwegian government official who held several positions in the period 1814–1848. Holst led negotiations over debt with Denmark in 1817, after the dissolution of the union between ...

, Norwegian politician (d. 1863) ** Elisha Haley, American politician (d.

1860 Events January–March * January 2 – The discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan is announced at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France. * January 10 – The Pemberton Mill in Lawrence, Massachusetts ...

) *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. * 1264 & ...

–

Howard Douglas General Sir Howard Douglas, 3rd Baronet, (23 January 1776 – 9 November 1861) was a British Army officer born in Gosport, England, the younger son of Admiral Sir Charles Douglas, and a descendant of the Earls of Morton. He was an English ...

, British Army general (d. 1861) *

** Jean-Guillaume, baron Hyde de Neuville, French aristocrat (d.

1857 Events January–March * January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, ''Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. * January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * Jan ...

)

E. T. A. Hoffmann Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (born Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann; 24 January 1776 – 25 June 1822) was a German Romantic author of fantasy and Gothic horror, a jurist, composer, music critic and artist. Penrith Goff, "E.T.A. Hoffmann" in ...

, German writer, composer and painter (d. 1822) **

Peter A. Jay Peter Augustus Jay (January 24, 1776 – February 20, 1843) was a prominent New York lawyer, politician and the eldest son of Founding Father and first United States Chief Justice John Jay. Early life Peter Augustus Jay was born at Liberty ...

, American politician (d.

1843 Events January–March * January ** Serial publication of Charles Dickens's novel ''Martin Chuzzlewit'' begins in London; in the July chapters, he lands his hero in the United States. ** Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Tell-Tale Heart ...

) *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...

– Joseph Görres, German writer and journalist (d. 1848) *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, rul ...

– William Bowie, American agrarian (d. 1826) *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrelling ...

Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (4 February 1776, Bremen – 16 February 1837, Bremen) was a German physician, naturalist, and proto-evolutionary biologist. His younger brother, Ludolph Christian Treviranus (1779–1864), was also a naturalist an ...

, German biologist (d. 1837) ** Jan Gerard Kemmerling, Dutch mayor (d.

1818 Events January–March * January 1 ** Battle of Koregaon: Troops of the British East India Company score a decisive victory over the Maratha Empire. ** Mary Shelley's ''Frankenstein'' is published anonymously in London. * January 2 – ...

)

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

– Ioannis Kapodistrias, Governor of Greece (d. 1831) *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. * 1429 – English forces und ...

** Richard Mant, Irish bishop (d. 1848) **

Mary Young Pickersgill Mary Pickersgill (born Mary Young; February 12, 1776 – October 4, 1857) was the maker of the Star Spangled Banner Flag hoisted over Fort McHenry during the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812. The daughter of another noted flag maker, Rebe ...

, American maker of the Star Spangled Banner flag (d.

) *

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis t ...

–

Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (14 February 1776 – 16 March 1858) was a prolific German botanist, physician, zoologist, and natural philosopher. He was a contemporary of Goethe and was born within the lifetime of Linnaeus. He ...

, prolific German botanist (d. 1858) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tib ...

– Jean-Pierre Boyer, President of Haiti (d.

) *

February 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire. * 1270 – Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battle of K ...

–

Abraham Raimbach Abraham Raimbach (16 February 1776 in London17 January 1843), was an English engraver of Swiss descent. He was born in Cecil Court in the West End of London. Weinreb, Ben & Hibbert, Christopher (1983): ''The London Encyclopaedia,'' p. 129. E ...

, British engraver (d.

) *

** Ross Cuthbert, Canadian politician (d. 1861) **

Georg zu Münster Count Georg Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm zu Münster (german: Georg Graf zu Münster; 17 February 1776 – 23 December 1844) was a German paleontologist. Biography Münster was born on 17 February 1776, in Langelage near Osnabrück. In 1800, he b ...

, German paleontologist (d.

) *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 *1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. * 1268 &n ...

– Karl August Ferdinand von Borcke, German general (d.

1830 It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy. Events January–March * January 11 – LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) b ...

) *

February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. * 1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotlan ...

–

Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca (1776–1846) was Governor of Cuba, Intendant of La Paz, part of Rio de la Plata, and the 61st Governor-General of the Philippines. He was an able administrator and a governor of judgment and energy. Early life ...

, Spanish colonial governor of Cuba (d. 1846) *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 *452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. *1440 – The Pru ...

– Joseph Barss, Canadian privateer, sea captain (d.

1824 May 7: The almost completely deaf Beethoven premieres his Ninth Symphony Events January–March * January 8 – After much controversy, Michael Faraday is finally elected as a member of the Royal Society, with only one vote against h ...

) *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of ...

** John Walter, English newspaper editor (d. 1847) **

Heneage Horsley Heneage Horsley (23 February 1776 – 6 October 1847) was Dean of Brechin from 1812 until his death. He was the 3rd son of Samuel Horsley, Bishop of St Asaph, and his first wife Mary Botham. He died on 6 October 1847. He had at least one daugh ...

, Scottish priest (d. 1847) *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 *138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. * ...

–

George William Tighe George William Tighe (25 February 1776March 1837) was an Irish agricultural theorist who spent much of his life in Italy. Through his marriage to Margaret King, he exerted an influence on the radical poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. Agriculture and sc ...

, English expatriate (d. 1837) *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 * 747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is ...

Innis Green Innis Green (February 26, 1776August 4, 1839) was a Jacksonian Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Biography Innis Green was born in Hanover Township, Province of Pennsylvania. He pursued an academic cou ...

, American congressman for Pennsylvania (d.

1839 Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 – ...

) ** John Paterson, Scottish missionary to Northern Europe (d. 1855) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 * 202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. * 1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is execut ...

– François Quirouet, Canadian politician (d.

) *

March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Dioclet ...

** John Collins, American manufacturer, politician (d. 1822) ** Elias Moore (d. 1847) *

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. *1575 ...

– James Parker, American politician (d. 1868) *

–

Guillaume Emmanuel Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest Guillaume Emmanuel Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest (4 March 1776, in Constantinople29 March 1814) was a French émigré general who fought in the Russian army during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was the eldest son ...

, Russian army commander (d. 1814) *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. *1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern j ...

–

Gerard Troost Gerardus Troost (March 5, 1776 – August 14, 1850) was a Dutch-American medical doctor, naturalist, mineralogist, and founding member and first president of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.; archive.org copie Biography Troost w ...

, American mineralogist (d.

) *

March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 & ...

– Luigi Lambruschini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d.

1854 Events January–March * January 4 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the ''Samarang''. * January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is perhaps born. * January 9 – The ...

) *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Co ...

–

Timothy Ruggles Timothy Dwight Ruggles (October 20, 1711 – August 4, 1795) was an American colonial military leader, jurist, and politician. He was a delegate to the Stamp Act Congress of 1765 and later a Loyalist during the American Revolutionary War. Earl ...

, Canadian politician (d. 1831) *

March 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''. *1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bou ...

David Rogerson Williams David Rogerson Williams (March 8, 1776November 17, 1830) was a representative in the United States Congress and the 45th governor of South Carolina from 1814 to 1816. Early life and career Born in Darlington County in the Province of South Ca ...

, American politician (d.

) **

Samuel Tweedy Samuel Tweedy (March 8, 1776 – July 1, 1868) was a United States representative from Connecticut. Born at Nine Partners, New York in 1776, he later moved to Danbury, Connecticut. He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives i ...

, American politician (d. 1868) *

** Thomas Evans, British Army general (d. 1863) ** Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary, Archduke of Austria (d. 1847) Grassi, Josef Mathias - Luise von Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Grassi, Josef Mathias - Luise von Mecklenburg-Strelitz

March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...

Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie; 10 March 1776 – 19 July 1810) was Queen of Prussia as the wife of King Frederick William III. The couple's happy, though short-lived, marriage produced nine chil ...

, Queen of Prussia (d. 1810) **

Étienne Ranvoyzé Étienne Ranvoyzé (March 10, 1776 – August 9, 1826) was a notary and political figure in Lower Canada. He was born in Quebec City, and was the son of silversmith François Ranvoyzé, and studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec. He arti ...

, Canadian politician (d. 1826) *

March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. *1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the C ...

– Lady Hester Stanhope, English archaeologist (d.

) *

March 15 Events Pre-1600 * 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 &ndash ...

–

Aimé Picquet du Boisguy Aimé Casimir Marie Picquet, chevalier du Boisguy, sometimes spelt Bois-Guy, (15 March 1776 – 25 October 1839), was a Breton chouan general during the French Revolution. He was nicknamed "the little general" by his men due to his youth. Still a ...

, French chouan general during the French Revolution (d.

) *

– Joel Abbot, American politician (d. 1826) * March 19 – Philemon Beecher, American politician (d.

) *

March 20 Events Pre-1600 * 673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka. * 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. * 1600 – The Link ...

** Joshua Bates, American educator (d.

) ** Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, English politician (d.

) * March 21 – John Frederick Frelinghuysen, United States general (d.

1833 Events January–March * January 3 – Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. * February 6 – His Royal Highness Prince Otto Friedrich Ludwig of Bavaria assumes the title His Majesty Othon the ...

) * March 23 **

Robert Eden Duncombe Shafto Robert Eden Duncombe Shafto (23 March 1776 – 17 January 1848) of Whitworth Hall, Spennymoor, County Durham, was a British politician. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for the City of Durham from 1804 to 1806. He served as High Sheriff of ...

, English politician (d. 1848) **

Vicente Salias Vicente Salias (March 23, 1776 – September 17, 1814) was a Venezuelan doctor, journalist, and writer who wrote Venezuela's " Gloria al Bravo Pueblo" "Glory to the Brave People." national anthem. Born in Puerto Cabello, Carabobo on March 23, 1 ...

, Venezuelan doctor (d. 1814) * March 24 – Zusho Hirosato, Japanese samurai (d. 1849) * March 27 – Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel, French botanist, politician (d.

) * March 30 –

Vasily Tropinin Vasily Andreevich Tropinin (russian: Васи́лий Андре́евич Тропи́нин; – ) was a Russian Romantic painter. Much of his life was spent as a serf; he didn't attain his freedom until he was more than forty years old. ...

, Russian artist (d.

) *

March 31 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine the Great, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. *1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at V� ...

–

Joseph Küffner Joseph Küffner (''Kueffner'') (31 March 1776 in Würzburg – 9 September 1856 in Würzburg). was a German musician and composer who, among other achievements, contributed significantly to the guitar repertory, including chamber music. Life ...

, German musician, composer (d.

1856 Events January–March * January 8 – Borax deposits are discovered in large quantities by John Veatch in California. * January 23 – American paddle steamer SS ''Pacific'' leaves Liverpool (England) for a transatlantic voya ...

) *

April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held. * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. *1081 – Alexios I Ko ...

** Pierre François Bellot, Swiss jurist (d. 1836) ** Sophie Germain, French mathematician (d. 1831) * April 3 ** François Blanchet, Canadian physician, politician (d.

) ** Mary Anne Clarke, English mistress of Prince Frederick (d. 1852) * April 6 –

Jesse Bledsoe Jesse Bledsoe (April 6, 1776June 25, 1836) was a slave owner and Senator from Kentucky. Life and career Bledsoe was born in Culpeper County, Virginia in 1776. When he was very young, his family migrated with a Baptist congregation through Cumbe ...

, American politician (d. 1836) * April 11 **

Macvey Napier Macvey Napier (born Napier Macvey) (11 April 1776 – 11 February 1847) was a Scottish solicitor, legal scholar, and an editor of the '' Encyclopædia Britannica''. He was Professor of Conveyancing at the University of Edinburgh. Life Ma ...

, Scottish legal scholar, one of the editors of the ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' (d. 1847) **

Jerome Inglott Jerome Inglott (1776–1835) was a Maltese philosopher and theologian. His areas of specialisation in philosophy were chiefly metaphysics and ontology. He held the Chair of Philosophy at the University of Malta (1822–27), and was one of the Ph ...

, Maltese philosopher (d. 1835) *

Henry Hezekiah Cogswell Henry Hezekiah Cogswell (April 12, 1776 – November 9, 1854) was a lawyer, political figure and philanthropist in Nova Scotia. He represented the town of Halifax in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1818 to 1820. He was president of t ...

, Canadian politician (d.

) **

Henry Hobhouse Henry Hobhouse may refer to: * Henry Hobhouse (archivist) (1776–1854), English archivist * Henry Hobhouse (East Somerset MP) (1854–1937), English landowner and Liberal Member of Parliament, 1885–1906 * Henry William Hobhouse (1791–1868), B ...

, English archivist (d.

) *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. 1601–1900 *1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...

– Wilhelm von Schütz, German author, playwright (d. 1847) *

April 15 Events Pre-1600 * 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings. * 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscar ...

–

John Anstruther-Thomson Colonel John Anstruther-Thomson of Charleton (15 April 1776 – 10 April 1833) was a Scottish nobleman and Colonel of the Royal Fifeshire Yeomanry Cavalry. Family Anstruther-Thomson was the son of Colonel John Anstruther and Grizel Maria Thomson ...

, Scottish nobleman, Colonel of the Royal Fifeshire Yeomanry Cavalry (d.

) *

April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. * 1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Has ...

– Jean-François Roger, French poet, politician (d. 1842) * April 20 **

Augustin-Marie d'Aboville Baron Augustin-Marie d'Aboville (1776–1843) was a French artillery officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars, who rose to the rank of general of brigade. He was the son of General François-Marie d'Aboville (1730–1817 ...

, French artillerist during the Revolution (d.

) ** William Weston Young, English Quaker businessman (d. 1847) * April 25 ** James Miller, American politician (d.

1851 Events January–March * January 11 – Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion. * January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-day Columbia College, receives its charter from the Missouri General Assembly. ...

) **

Edward Solly Edward Solly (25 April 1776 – 2 December 1844) was an English merchant living in Berlin, who amassed an unprecedented collection of Italian Trecento and Quattrocento paintings and outstanding examples of Early Netherlandish painting, at a time ...

, English merchant, art collector (d.

) ** Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh, member of the British Royal Family (d.

) *

Hyacinthe Jadin Hyacinthe Jadin (27 April 1776 – 27 September 1800) was a French composer who came from a musical family. His uncle Georges Jadin was a composer in Versailles and Paris, along with his father Jean Jadin, who had played bassoon for the French Roy ...

, French composer (d. 1800) ** John Cunningham, Canadian politician (d. 1847) * April 28 **

Charles Bennet, 5th Earl of Tankerville Charles Augustus Bennet, 5th Earl of Tankerville Privy Council of the United Kingdom, PC, Deputy Lieutenant, DL (28 April 1776 – 25 June 1859), styled Lord Ossulston until 1822, was a British politician. He served as Treasurer of the Househol ...

, English politician (d. 1859) ** Manuel Vieira de Albuquerque Touvar, Portuguese nobleman (d.

) *

– Johann Friedrich Herbart, German philosopher, psychologist (d. 1841) * May 5 – Valentine Efner, American politician (d.

1865 Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Second Battle of Fort Fisher ...

) * May 6 ** Stephen Rumbold Lushington, English politician, administrator in Madras (d. 1868) **

Pyotr Mikhailovich Volkonsky Prince Pyotr Mikhailovich Volkonsky russian: Пётр Миха́йлович Волко́нский, tr. ; ) was an Imperial Russian military commander, General-Field Marshal (1843), Adjutant General to Alexander I, member of the State Council ...

, Russian field marshal (d. 1852) **

Rensselaer Westerlo Rensselaer Westerlo (May 6, 1776April 18, 1851) was a United States representative from New York and a member of the Livingston family. Early life Rensselaer Westerlo was born on May 6, 1776 at the Van Rensselaer Manor House in Albany in the ...

, American politician (d.

) *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 *453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs an ...

** Edward Leveson-Gower, British Royal Navy admiral (d.

) ** Prince Bagrat of Georgia (d. 1841) *

May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. * 1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. *1386 – England and Portugal formally r ...

– Thomas Maguire, Canadian Catholic priest (d.

) *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...

– George Thomas Smart, English musician (d. 1867) * May 13 – Jett Thomas, American militia general (d. 1817) * May 17 – Amos Eaton, American botanist (d. 1842) * May 18 –

Dennis Pennington Dennis Pennington (May 18, 1776 – September 2, 1854) was a farmer and a stonemason who became known for his many years in public office as an early legislator in the Indiana Territory and in Indiana's General Assembly as a representative of ...

, American politician (d.

) *

May 20 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church. * 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...

** Simon Fraser, Canadian explorer (d.

1862 Events January–March * January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria. * January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico. * January ...

) **

Víctor Rosales Víctor Rosales; (1776 – 20 May 1817), was a Mexican military officer born in Zacatecas, in the central Viceroyalty of New Spain. Rosales was a field marshal in the Mexican War of Independence. In the Mexican War of Independence, Rosales se ...

, Mexican rebel (d. 1817) *

May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...

–

Peter Erasmus Müller Peter Erasmus Müller (29 May 1776 – 4 September 1834), was a Danish historian, linguist, theologian, and bishop of the Diocese of Zealand from 1830 until his death. Career Müller studied at the University of Copenhagen, where he passed his t ...

, Danish historian, linguist and theologian (d. 1834) * May 31 – José Antonio de la Garza, American mayor (d.

) *

June 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. *1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed ki ...

George Schetky George Schetky (June 1, 1776 – 1831) was an American composer. Schetky was a violoncellist, music teacher, conductor, and one of the first American composers. He was also a music publisher with Benjamin Carr as his partner. Born in Edinburgh, S ...

, American conductor (d. 1831) **

Giuseppe Zamboni Giuseppe Zamboni (June 1, 1776 – July 25, 1846) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and physicist who invented the Zamboni pile, an early electric battery (electricity), battery similar to the voltaic pile. Biography He was born in either ...

, Italian Catholic priest, physicist (d. 1846) * June 4 – Isaac B. Van Houten, American politician (d.

) *

– William Reed, American politician (d. 1837) *

– Thomas Rickman, English architect, architectural antiquary (d. 1841) John Constable by Daniel Gardner, 1796

* June 11 –

John Constable John Constable (; 11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) was an English landscape painter in the Romantic tradition. Born in Suffolk, he is known principally for revolutionising the genre of landscape painting with his pictures of Dedham Vale, th ...

, English landscape painter (d. 1837) *

Karl Friedrich Burdach Karl Friedrich Burdach (12 June 1776 – 16 July 1847) was a German physiologist. He was born in Leipzig and died in Königsberg. He was the first to use the word "biology" and was a pioneer of neuroanatomy. Life Burdach came from a family o ...

, German physiologist (d. 1847) **

José Manuel de Goyeneche, 1st Count of Guaqui José Manuel de Goyeneche y Barreda, 1st Count of Guaqui (June 12, 1776 in Arequipa, Viceroyalty of Peru – October 10, 1846 in Madrid) was a Spanish soldier and diplomat. Early life His father was captain of cavalry Juan de Goyeneche y Aguer ...

, Spanish soldier, diplomat (d. 1846) **

Pierre Révoil Pierre Henri Révoil (12 June 1776 – 19 March 1842) was a French painter in the troubadour style. Biography He was born in Lyon. His father was a furrier. Although he was needed at home, his family allowed him to receive a proper education. ...

, French painter (d. 1842) * June 19 – Francis Johnson, American politician (d. 1842) *

June 21 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to Vandalic War, attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date). *1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khaga ...

Landgravine Josepha of Fürstenberg-Weitra Landgravine Josepha of Fürstenberg-Weitra (german: Landgräfin Josefa zu Fürstenberg-Weitra; 21 June 177623 February 1848) was princess consort of Liechtenstein as wife of Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein. By virtue of her birth, she ...

, Princess of Liechtenstein (d. 1848) **

Charles Horsfall Charles Horsfall (21 June 1776 – 18 June 1846) was a merchant and slave-owner who served as Mayor of Liverpool 1832–1833. Life Early life Horsfall was born in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, the son of Joseph Horsfield and Anna Hodgson, and ...

, English merchant, politician (d. 1846) ** William Wadd, English surgeon, medical author (d. 1829) *

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. *1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Republic of Venice, Venetians defeat a larger Republic of Genoa, Genoese fleet, capturing all its s ...

– Stephen Longfellow, American politician (d. 1849) *

– Charles Mathews, English actor (d. 1835) *

– George Okill Stuart, Canadian clergyman (d.

) *

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and th ...

Samuel Thatcher Samuel Thatcher (July 1, 1776 – July 18, 1872) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts. He was born in Cambridge in the Province of Massachusetts Bay on July 1, 1776; was graduated from Harvard University ...

, American politician (d. 1872) ** Sophie Gay, French author (d. 1852) * July 3 – Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton, Anglo-Irish politician (d. 1842) *

** Pär Aron Borg, Swedish sign language creator (d.

) **

Ethan Allen Brown Ethan Allen Brown (July 4, 1776February 24, 1852) was a Democratic-Republican politician. He served as the seventh governor of Ohio. Biography Brown was born in Darien, Connecticut to Roger Brown, a prosperous farmer and a Revolutionary War vet ...

, American politician (d. 1852) * July 5 ** Daniel Dobbins, captain in the United States Revenue Cutter Service (d.

) ** Bernard Smith, American politician (d. 1835) *

July 10 Events Pre-1600 *138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina. * 645 – Isshi Incident: Prince ...

–

Samuel Powell Samuel Powell (July 10, 1776 – August 2, 1841), was an American politician who represented Tennessee in the United States House of Representatives. Biography Powell was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania. He attended the common schools and Phi ...

, American politician (d. 1841) *

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death. * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, ...

– William Bradbery, English entrepreneur (d.

) *

– John Christian, Manx judge (d. 1852) * July 13 –

Caroline of Baden Caroline of Baden (german: Friederike Karoline Wilhelmine von Baden; 13 July 1776 – 13 November 1841) was by marriage an Electress of Bavaria and later the first Queen consort of Bavaria by marriage to Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. Life E ...

, Queen of Bavaria (d. 1841) *

July 14 Events Pre-1600 * 982 – King Otto II and his Frankish army are defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy. *1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II. *1420 ...

– Pierre Yrieix Daumesnil, French soldier (d. 1832) * July 16 ** Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus, German physician, naturalist (d. 1827) ** Johann Georg von Soldner, German physicist (d.

) * July 17 – John Neilson, Canadian politician (d. 1848) *

July 18 Events Pre-1600 *477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army. *387 BC – Roman-Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, lead ...

– John Struthers, Scottish poet (d.

) * July 20 – Ignaz Schuppanzigh, Austrian musician (d.

) * July 22 ** Etheldred Benett, English geologist (d. 1845) ** Friedrich Hermann Otto, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (d.

1838 Events January–March * January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London. * January 11 – At Morristown, New Jersey, Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale give the first public demonstration o ...

) *

July 26 Events Pre-1600 * 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I. * 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seriou ...

– Pierre Fouquier, French physician, professor of medicine (d.

) * July 29 – James McSherry, American politician (d. 1849) *

July 30 Events Pre-1600 * 762 – Baghdad is founded. * 1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council. * 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Is ...

–

Sir Edward Kerrison, 1st Baronet General Sir Edward Kerrison, 1st Baronet, (30 July 1776 – 9 March 1853) was a British Army officer and politician. Kerrison was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the 7th Light Dragoons, saw service during the Peninsular War and commanded his regime ...

, British general (d.

) * August 1 ** Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of Gosford, Governor General of British North America (1835-1837) (d. 1849) **

Jean Corbineau Jean-Baptiste Juvénal Corbineau (1 August 1776, Marchiennes – 18 December 1848, Paris) was a French cavalry general of the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. His two brothers Claude and Hercule also fought in both these wars and t ...

, French cavalry general (d. 1848) *

** Thomas Assheton Smith II, English cricketer (d. 1858) **

Friedrich Stromeyer Prof Friedrich Stromeyer FRS(For) FRSE (2 August 1776 – 18 August 1835) was a German chemist. He was the discoverer of cadmium. From 1982 a Friedrich Stromeyer Prize has been awarded for chemical achievement in Germany. Life He was born in ...

, German chemist (d. 1835) * August 4 – Pierre-Simon Ballanche, French writer and counterrevolutionary philosopher (d. 1847) *

August 5 Events Pre-1600 *AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty. * 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...

Sophie d'Artois Sophie is a version of the female given name Sophia, meaning "wise". People with the name Born in the Middle Ages * Sophie, Countess of Bar (c. 1004 or 1018–1093), sovereign Countess of Bar and lady of Mousson * Sophie of Thuringia, Duchess o ...

, French princess (d. 1783) ** John Willson, Canadian judge (d.

) *

August 6 Events Pre-1600 *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. *1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesad ...

– William Crooks, Canadian politician (d. 1836) * August 9 ** Jacob Munch, Norwegian painter, military officer (d.

)

** Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist (d.

) * August 12 ** Thomas Millidge, Jr., New Brunswick businessman, political figure (d.

) ** David Erskine, 2nd Baron Erskine, British politician (d. 1855) * August 13 – Abraham Shepherd, American politician (d. 1847) * August 14 ** Prince Christian of Hesse (d. 1814) ** Christian Friedrich Tieck, German sculptor (d.

) * August 15 ** Ignaz von Seyfried, Austrian musician (d. 1841) ** Gottlieb Schick, German artist (d. 1812) * August 16 ** Amalia von Helvig, German and Swedish artist (d. 1831) ** Philipp Jakob Riotte, German composer (d.

) ** Monaldo Leopardi, Italian philosopher (d. 1847) ** Jean-Roch Coignet, French soldier (d.

) * August 18 ** Agustín Argüelles, Spanish liberal politician (d.

) ** Thomas Howard, 16th Earl of Suffolk, England (d.

) ** Sir Robert Newman, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1848) * August 21 ** Joseph Healy, American politician (d. 1861) ** Elizabeth Parke Custis Law, American matriarch (d. 1832) * August 22 – Carlo Amati, Italian architect (d. 1852) * August 23 ** Jens Peter Debes, Norwegian politician (d. 1832) ** Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński, Polish philosopher (d.

) * August 25 – Thomas Bladen Capel, British admiral (d.

) * August 26 ** Ferdynand Stokowski, Polish general (d. 1827) ** Henry A. Livingston, American politician (d. 1849) * August 27 – Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Danish-German statesman, historian (d. 1831) * August 29 – Georg Friedrich Treitschke, German librettist (d. 1842) * September 1 ** Jacques Gervais, baron Subervie, French general, politician (d.

) ** Ezekiel Bacon, American politician (d. 1870) * September 3 – Étienne Mayrand, Canadian politician (d. 1872) * September 4 – Stephen Whitney, American merchant (d.

) * September 5 – Augustus Simon Frazer, French-born British Army officer (d. 1835) * September 8 ** Amelia of Nassau-Weilburg, German noblewoman (d. 1841) ** Heinrich Meldahl, Norwegian builder (d. 1840) * September 9 ** Parmenio Adams, American politician (d. 1832) ** Calvin Pease, Ohio jurist, legislator (d.

) ** Philip Broke, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1841) * September 11 – Thomas Arbuthnot, British Army general (d. 1849) * September 15 ** William Baylies, American politician (d.

) ** Calvin Willey, American politician (d. 1858) *

– Langdon Cheves, American politician (d.

) * September 18 – Thomas Gleadowe-Newcomen, 2nd Viscount Newcomen, English politician (d. 1825) * September 21 ** Karl Gustav Bonuvier, Swedish actor, theatre director (d. 1858) ** John Fitchett (poet), John Fitchett, English poet (d.

) * September 27 ** Peter Shaver, Canadian politician (d. 1866) ** Maria Versfelt, Dutch writer, actor (d. 1845) * October 1 – Augustus Warren Baldwin, Upper Canada naval officer, political figure (d. 1866) * October 3 – Thomas Walsh (Vicar Apostolic of the London District), Thomas Walsh, Vicar Apostolic of England and Wales (d. 1849) * October 4 ** Giovanni Battista Bellé, Italian Bishop of Mantova (d.

) ** Antonio Tosti, Italian cardinal-priest (d. 1866) ** Mariano Lagasca, Spanish botanist (d.

) * October 6 ** Hirata Atsutane, Japanese theologian of the Shintō religion (d.

) ** James Duff, 4th Earl Fife, Scottish-born Spanish general (d.

) ** James Stuart-Wortley, 1st Baron Wharncliffe, English politician (d. 1845) * October 8 – Pieter van Os, Dutch painter, engraver (d.

) * October 12 – Jean-Michel Mahé, French Navy officer, captain (d.

) * October 13 ** Peter Barlow (mathematician), Peter Barlow, English mathematician (d.

) ** John Gibb (engineer), John Gibb, Scottish civil engineering contractor (d.

) * October 14 ** Samuel Rexford, New York politician (d.

) ** Robert Townsend Farquhar, British colonial administrator (d.

) * October 18 – Cowles Mead, American politician (d.

) * October 20 – John Rolls of The Hendre, British judge (d. 1837) * October 21 – George Izard, United States general (d. 1828) * October 22 – Edward Draper, British military officer, civil servant in Mauritius (d. 1841) * October 25 – Patrick Neill (naturalist), Patrick Neill, Scottish printer, horticulturalist (d.

) * October 28 – Joachim Haspinger, Catholic priest, leader of the Tyrolese revolt against Napoleon (d. 1858) * October 30 ** George M. Bibb, American politician (d. 1859) ** John Hahn (politician), John Hahn, American politician (d. 1823) * October 31 – Francis Locke Jr., American politician (d. 1823) * November 1 – Abraham McClellan (Missouri politician), Abraham McClellan, American politician (d.

) * November 5 – Abraham Teerlink, Dutch painter (d.

) * November 7 ** Bartow White, American politician (d.

) ** James Abercromby, 1st Baron Dunfermline, British politician (d. 1858) * November 10 ** Samuel Gross (politician), Samuel Gross, American politician (d.

) ** Henry Seymour (Knoyle), British politician (d. 1849) ** General Washington Johnston, American politician (d.

) * November 11 – Philip E. Thomas, American banker, railroad executive (d. 1861) * November 14 – Henri Dutrochet, French physician (d. 1847) * November 15 ** Aaron Manby (ironmaster), Aaron Manby, English civil engineer, founder of the Horseley Ironworks (d.

) ** Pehr Henrik Ling, Swedish physical therapist (d.

) * November 17 ** Friedrich Christoph Schlosser, German historian (d. 1861) ** Robert Trimble, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1828) *

** William Blackwood, Scottish publisher (d. 1834) ** Maximilian Seyssel d'Aix, German general (d. 1855) * November 24 ** Jean-Joseph Marcel, French printer and engineer (d.

) ** Matthew John Tierney, Irish surgeon (d. 1845) * November 29 – Harcourt Lees, Irish clergyman, political pamphleteer (d. 1852) * November 30 ** Philippe André de Vilmorin, French horticulturist (d.

) ** Bartholomew Frere, English diplomat (d.

) * December 1 ** Elijah H. Mills, American politician (d. 1829) ** Isaac Lacey, American politician (d.

) * December 2 – Louis Alexis Baudoin, French naval officer (d. 1805) Yashwant Rao Holkar I

* December 3 ** Yashwantrao Holkar, Ruler of Holkar State (d. 1811) ** Nicolas Charles Seringe, French physician, botanist (d. 1858) *

– Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck, German surgeon (d.

) * December 6 – Theodorick Bland (judge), Theodorick Bland, United States federal judge (d. 1846) * December 7 – Reuben Whallon, American politician (d.

) * December 8 ** Theodore Dehon, second Episcopal Bishop of South Carolina (d. 1817) ** William Logan (Kentuckian), William Logan, American politician (d. 1822) * December 10 ** Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este, second wife of Charles Theodore (d. 1848) ** David Marchand, American politician (d. 1832) ** Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy, German banker, father of classical composer Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (d. 1835) * December 12 – Nicholas Conyngham Tindal, English lawyer, politician (d. 1846) * December 13 – James Hawkes (congressman), James Hawkes, American politician (d.

) * December 14 – Ingelbrecht Knudssøn, Norwegian politician (d. 1826) * December 16 ** Narciso Durán, Spanish Franciscan missionary to Mexico (d. 1846) Ritter-Johann-Wilhelm-1804

** Johann Wilhelm Ritter, German chemist (d. 1810) * December 19 ** Lord Edward Somerset, British Army general (d. 1842) ** Lars Roverud, Norwegian musician (d.

) ** Eusebio Bardají y Azara, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1842) * December 20 – José María del Castillo y Rada, President of Colombia (d.

) * December 25 – John Slater (industrialist), John Slater, American businessman (d.

) * December 26 – Charles Hamilton Smith, British artist (d. 1859) * December 27 – Nikolay Kamensky, Russian general (d. 1811) * December 29 – Gustaf af Wetterstedt, Swedish politician (d. 1837) * December 30 – William Drayton, American politician (d. 1846) * December 31 – Johann Spurzheim, German physician (d. 1832)

Deaths

Desmarées - Maria Anna of Bavaria, Rastatt

Francisca Christina of the Palatinate-Sulzbach princess-abbess of Essen and Thorn

– James Gabriel Montresor, British military engineer (b. 1704) *

– James Frye, colonial soldier (b. 1709) * January 12 – Johann Philipp Murray, German historian interested in early Nordic studies and relations between England and Scandinavia (b. 1726) * January 14 – Edward Cornwallis, British military officer, first Governor of Nova Scotia (b. 1713) *

– Jacques de Romas, French physicist (b. 1713) * February 13 – Élisabeth Catherine Ballard (b. 1704) *

– Lady Anne Monson, English botanist (b. 1726) *

– Johann Georg Ziesenis, German – Danish portrait painter (b. 1716) *

– Pierre-Robert Le Cornier de Cideville, French magistrate and scholar (b. 1693) *

– John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (b. 1737) *

** Élie Catherine Fréron, French critic (b. 1719) ** Niclas Sahlgren, Swedish merchant, philanthropist (b. 1701) * March 24 – John Harrison, English clockmaker (b. 1693) * March 26 – Samuel Ward (Rhode Island politician), Samuel Ward, American politician (b. 1725) * March 29 – Johann Gotthelf Lindner, German university teacher and writer (b. 1729) * March 30 – Jonathan Belcher (jurist), Jonathan Belcher, British-American lawyer (b. 1710) *

– Jane Randolph Jefferson, wife of Peter Jefferson and the mother of US president Thomas Jefferson (b. 1720) * April 7 – Charles-Pierre Colardeau, French poet (b. 1732) * April 19 – Jacob Emden, leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed Orthodox Judaism (b. 1697) * April 20 – Olivier de Vézin (b. 1707) * April 29 – Edward Wortley Montagu (traveller), Edward Wortley Montagu, English traveller and writer (b. 1713) *

– Jacques Saly, French sculptor (b. 1717) * May 6 – James Kent (composer), James Kent, English organist and composer (b. 1700) * May 7 – Duchess Maria Anna Josepha of Bavaria, Duchess of Bavaria by birth and Margravine of Baden-Baden by marriage (b. 1734) * May 23 – Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse, French salon holder (b. 1732) * May 25 – Richard FitzWilliam, 6th Viscount FitzWilliam (b. 1711) * May 30 – Albert Frick (theologian), Albert Frick, German theologian (b. 1714) * June 2 – Continental Army General John Thomas (American general), John Thomas, from smallpox (b. 1724) * June 10 ** Hsinbyushin (b. 1736) ** Leopold Widhalm, Austrian luthier (b. 1722) * June 13 – Elizabeth Scott (hymnwriter), Elizabeth Scott, British-American poet and Christian hymnwriter (b. 1708) * June 20 – Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor, manufacturer (b. 1704) * July 7 – Jeremiah Markland, English classical scholar (b. 1693) *

– Richard Peters (priest), Richard Peters, English-born American clergyman (b. 1704) * July 15 – Richard Bampfylde, British politician (b. 1722) * July 16 – Countess Palatine Francisca Christina of Sulzbach, Princess-abbess of Essen Abbey and Thorn Abbey (b. 1696) * July 21 – Benedicta Margareta von Löwendal, German industrialist (b. 1683) * August 1 ** Edward Bentham, Oxford based theologian who in 1763 (b. 1707) ** Francis Salvador, American patriot (b. 1747) *

– Louis François, Prince of Conti, French military leader (b. 1717) * August 14 – Charles Cathcart, 9th Lord Cathcart (b. 1721) * August 25 – David Hume, Scottish philosopher (b. 1711) * August 27 – William Stark (loyalist), William Stark, Revolutionary War era officer (b. 1724) * August 29 – Joseph Arnold (Rhode Island farmer), Joseph Arnold, pre-revolutionary resident of North Kingstown and Exeter (b. 1710) * September 1 – Angelica Le Gru Perotti, Italian woman painter of the Rococo (b. 1719) * September 6 – Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII, twentieth maharaja of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1770 to 1776 (b. 1759) * September 22 –

, American Revolutionary War captain, writer and patriot (executed) (b. 1755) * September 24 – Charles Cadogan, 2nd Baron Cadogan, Anglo-Irish peer (b. 1685) * September 28 – Cadwallader Colden, physician (b. 1688) * October 3 – Ayşe Sultan (daughter of Ahmed III), Ayşe Sultan, Ottoman princess (b. 1713) * October 10 – Karl Gotthelf von Hund, German Freemason (b. 1722) * October 15 – John Ellis (naturalist), John Ellis, naturalist (b. 1710) * October 17 – Pierre François le Courayer, French theologian (b. 1681) * October 28 – Princess Sophie of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Princess of Saxe-Hildburghausen by birth (b. 1760) * October 30 – Simón de Anda y Salazar, Spanish Basque governor of the Philippines from July (b. 1709) * November 15 – Fernando de Silva, 12th Duke of Alba, Spanish duke (b. 1714) * November 17 – James Ferguson (Scottish astronomer), James Ferguson, Scottish astronomer (b. 1710) * November 23 – Théophile de Bordeu, French physician (b. 1722) *

– Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland, British duchess; Lady of the Bedchamber (b. 1716) * December 10 – Robert Hay Drummond, Archbishop of York (b. 1711) * December 13 – Victor-Thérèse Charpentier (b. 1732) * December 25 – John Gabriel Jones, colonial American pioneer and politician (b. 1752) * ''date unknown'' – Muhammad al-Warghi, Tunisian writer and poet (b. c. 1713)

Events

January–February

March–April

May–June

July–August

September–October

November–December

Date unknown

Births

Deaths

References

Further reading