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Struve Geodetic Arc
The Struve Geodetic Arc is a chain of survey triangulations stretching from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea, through ten countries and over , which yielded the first accurate measurement of a meridian arc. The chain was established and used by the German-born Russian scientist Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve in the years 1816 to 1855 to establish the exact size and shape of the earth. At that time, the chain passed merely through three countries: Norway, Sweden and the Russian Empire. The Arc's first point is located in Tartu Observatory in Estonia, where Struve conducted much of his research. Measurement of the triangulation chain comprises 258 main triangles and 265 geodetic vertices. The northernmost point is located near Hammerfest in Norway and the southernmost point near the Black Sea in Ukraine. In 2005, the chain was inscribed on the World Heritage List, because of its importance in geodesy and its testimony to international scientific cooperation. The Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuglenes
Fuglenes is a district in the municipality of Hammerfest in Norway. It is the location of the northernmost point of the Struve Geodetic Arc. It is a geodetic point, one of the 34 points selected for the World Heritage List. It was here that Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve's surveys ended in 1852. The meridian support The meridian support was designed by Wilhelm von Hanno and erected in 1854 to commemorate the largest international measurement of the earth's shape and size. The meridian support with plinth, column, chapter, globe is an example of which styles von Hanno was inspired by. The shelf is in three parts and in unpolished granite. While the two lower parts are almost square, the upper part is leaf-shaped, where the tip of the leaf forms corners and points towards the directions north, west, south and east. In a circular base on this upper part of the shelf rests the column. This po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,200 other islands and islets on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, covering a total area of . The capital city Tallinn and Tartu are the two largest urban areas of the country. The Estonian language is the autochthonous and the official language of Estonia; it is the first language of the majority of its population, as well as the world's second most spoken Finnic language. The land of what is now modern Estonia has been inhabited by '' Homo sapiens'' since at least 9,000 BC. The medieval indigenous population of Estonia was one of the last " pagan" civilisations in Europe to adopt Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland across Estonia to the south. Finland covers an area of with a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city, forming a larger metropolitan area with the neighbouring cities of Espoo, Kauniainen, and Vantaa. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. Finnish, alongside Swedish, are the official languages. Swedish is the native language of 5.2% of the population. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to the boreal in the north. The land cover is primarily a boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes. Finland was first inhabited around 9000 BC after the Last Glacial Period. The Stone Age introduced several differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haparanda
Haparanda (; fi, Haaparanta, , aspen shore or bank) is a locality and the seat of Haparanda Municipality in Norrbotten County, Sweden. It is adjacent to Tornio, Finland. Haparanda had a population of 4,856 in 2010, out of a municipal total of 10,200 inhabitants. Haparanda is, despite its small population, for historical reasons often still referred to as a ''city''. Statistics Sweden, however, only counts localities with more than 10,000 inhabitants as cities. Haparanda is located at the northerly extreme of the Swedish coastline, and far removed from large cities. Its summers are very mild for a coastal location so far north, and winters are normally not extremely cold in spite of the relative proximity to the Arctic Circle. Haparanda has strong connections to Tornio and the Finnish side of the river and bilingualism of Swedish and Finnish is common although Swedish is the sole official language and the mother tongue of a vast majority of inhabitants. In 2010, it was estimat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Övertorneå
Övertorneå ( fit, Matarengi; fi, Matarenki) is a locality and the seat of Övertorneå Municipality in Norrbotten County, Sweden with 1,917 inhabitants in 2010. It is located at the shore of the Torne River, opposite to their Finnish twin town Ylitornio. Övertorneå means "Upper Torneå", based on a division of the Torneå parish in two parts in the 16th century. Until the border between Sweden and Finland was drawn at the Torne River in 1809, the two villages on both sides of the river were one. From 1809 till 1917, this represented the Swedish border to Russia. Gallery Image:Matarengi Church exterior.jpg, Matarengi Church Image:Övertorneå järnvägsstation.jpg, Övertorneå railway station Image:Röda kvarn Övertorneå.jpg, Röda Kvarn Image:PanoTorne.jpg, A view from Aavasaksa, across the border river. Sports Övertorneå is home of NHL forward Linus Omark. Another well known ice-hockey player from the settlement is Daniel Henriksson. The following sport ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pullinki
Pullinki is a 335-meter-high mountain in northern Sweden, near the town of Övertorneå. This mountain marks one of the locations for the Struve Geodetic Arc, a world heritage site. Features There is also an alpine ski ''Alpine Ski'' (アルパイン・スキ一) is an Alpine skiing arcade game, released by Taito in 1981. The player controls a skier, who can move left, right, or increase forward speed. The aim is to maneuver a skier through a downhill ski cour ... resort on the mountain. It has a 253-metre altitude difference and 16 slopes. References Mountains of Norrbotten County {{Norrbotten-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pajala
Pajala () is a locality and the seat of Pajala Municipality in Norrbotten County, Sweden, with 1,958 inhabitants in 2010. It is located in Swedish Lapland. Pajala is in the Torne Valley and was dominated by people speaking a Finnish dialect until Eastern Sweden (Finland) got annexed by Russia in the 1800s and Pajala ended on the Swedish side of the river that marked the border. Today the town is nearly unilingually Swedish although the Meänkieli name for the locality remains in use and is a minority language. Even so, Pajala has belonged to Sweden since the country's inception as a political unit. History Lars Levi Laestadius, a botanist, Lutheran minister, and founder of the revivalist movement Laestadianism, lived and worked in Pajala municipality in the mid-19th century. He lived in Kengis Kengis (; fi, Köngäs) is a small rural community in Pajala Municipality in northernmost Sweden, located very near the Finnish Finnish may refer to: * Something or someone from, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jupukka
Jupukka is a Swedish mountain north of Pajala Pajala () is a locality and the seat of Pajala Municipality in Norrbotten County, Sweden, with 1,958 inhabitants in 2010. It is located in Swedish Lapland. Pajala is in the Torne Valley and was dominated by people speaking a Finnish dialect u ... in Swedish Lapland. Jupukka is 277 metres high. This mountain marks one of the locations for the Struve Geodetic Arc. References Mountains of Norrbotten County {{Norrbotten-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiruna
(; se, Giron ; fi, Kiiruna ) is the northernmost city in Sweden, situated in the province of Lapland. It had 17,002 inhabitants in 2016 and is the seat of Kiruna Municipality (population: 23,167 in 2016) in Norrbotten County. The city was originally built in the 1890s to serve the Kiruna Mine. The Esrange Space Center was established in Kiruna in the 1960s. Also in Kiruna are the Institute of Space Physics and Luleå University of Technology's Department of Space Science. History Origins Archaeological findings have shown that the region around Kiruna has been inhabited for at least 6,000 years. Centuries before Kiruna was founded in 1900, the presence of iron ore at Kiirunavaara and Luossavaara had been known by the local Sami population. In 1696, Samuel Mört, a bookkeeper of the Kengis works, wrote on rumours about the presence of iron in the two hills.Kummu 1997, p. 96. The ore became better known after it was reported by Mangi, a Sami man, in 1736 to Swedish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tynnyrilaki
Tynnyrilaki is a 445-meter-high (1,460 ft) mountain 120 km E. of Kiruna, Sweden. It's the highest point of an area called ''Pingisvaara''. This mountain marks one of the locations for the Struve Geodetic Arc. Mountains of Norrbotten County {{Norrbotten-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kautokeino
Kautokeino ( no, Kautokeino; se, Guovdageaidnu ; fkv, Koutokeino; fi, Koutokeino) is a municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Guovdageaidnu/Kautokeino. Other villages include Láhpoluoppal and Máze. The municipality is the largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Kautokeino is the 235th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,877. The municipality's population density is and its population has decreased by 1.7% over the previous 10-year period. Guovdageaidnu-Kautokeino is one of two cultural centers of Northern Sápmi today (the other being Kárášjohka-Karasjok). The most significant industries are reindeer herding, theatre/movie industry, and the public education system. Kautokeino is one of the coldest places in the Nordics. General information The municipality of Kautokeino was established in 1851 when the southern part of the old Kistrand municipalit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
