|
Reconstruct
Reconstruction may refer to: Politics, history, and sociology *Reconstruction (law), the transfer of a company's (or several companies') business to a new company *'' Perestroika'' (Russian for "reconstruction"), a late 20th century Soviet Union political movement *Critical reconstruction, an architectural theory related to the reconstruction of Berlin after the end of the Berlin Wall *Economic reconstruction *Ministry of Reconstruction, a UK government department *The Reconstruction era of the United States, the period after the Civil War, 1865–1877 ** The Reconstruction Acts, or Military Reconstruction Acts, addressing requirements for Southern States to be readmitted to the Union * Reconstruction Finance Corporation, a United States government agency from 1932–1957 Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Reconstruction'' (1968 film), a Romanian tragicomedy * ''Reconstruction'' (2001 film), about the 1959 Ioanid Gang bank heist in Romania * ''Reconstruction'' (2003 film) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancestral Reconstruction
Ancestral reconstruction (also known as ''Character Mapping'' or ''Character Optimization'') is the extrapolation back in time from measured characteristics of individuals (or populations) to their common ancestors. It is an important application of phylogenetics, the reconstruction and study of the evolutionary relationships among individuals, populations or species to their ancestors. In the context of evolutionary biology, ancestral reconstruction can be used to recover different kinds of ancestral character states of organisms that lived millions of years ago. These states include the genetic sequence (ancestral sequence reconstruction), the amino acid sequence of a protein, the composition of a genome (e.g., gene order), a measurable characteristic of an organism ( phenotype), and the geographic range of an ancestral population or species (ancestral range reconstruction). This is desirable because it allows us to examine parts of phylogenetic trees corresponding to the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forensic Facial Reconstruction
Forensic facial reconstruction (or forensic facial approximation) is the process of recreating the face of an individual (whose identity is often not known) from their skeletal remains through an amalgamation of artistry, anthropology, osteology, and anatomy. It is easily the most subjective—as well as one of the most controversial—techniques in the field of forensic anthropology. Despite this controversy, facial reconstruction has proved successful frequently enough that research and methodological developments continue to be advanced. In addition to remains involved in criminal investigations, facial reconstructions are created for remains believed to be of historical value and for remains of prehistoric hominids and humans. Types of identification There are two forms pertaining to identification in forensic anthropology: circumstantial and positive.Burns. ''Forensic Anthropology Training Manual.'' *Circumstantial identification is established when an individua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3D Reconstruction
In computer vision and computer graphics, 3D reconstruction is the process of capturing the shape and appearance of real objects. This process can be accomplished either by active or passive methods. If the model is allowed to change its shape in time, this is referred to as non-rigid or spatio-temporal reconstruction. Motivation and applications The research of 3D reconstruction has always been a difficult goal. By Using 3D reconstruction one can determine any object's 3D profile, as well as knowing the 3D coordinate of any point on the profile. The 3D reconstruction of objects is a generally scientific problem and core technology of a wide variety of fields, such as Computer Aided Geometric Design ( CAGD), computer graphics, computer animation, computer vision, medical imaging, computational science, virtual reality, digital media, etc. For instance, the lesion information of the patients can be presented in 3D on the computer, which offers a new and accurate approach in d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reconstruction Algorithm
Tomographic reconstruction is a type of multidimensional inverse problem where the challenge is to yield an estimate of a specific system from a finite number of projections. The mathematical basis for tomographic imaging was laid down by Johann Radon. A notable example of applications is the reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) where cross-sectional images of patients are obtained in non-invasive manner. Recent developments have seen the Radon transform and its inverse used for tasks related to realistic object insertion required for testing and evaluating computed tomography use in airport security. This article applies in general to reconstruction methods for all kinds of tomography, but some of the terms and physical descriptions refer directly to the reconstruction of X-ray computed tomography. Introducing formula The projection of an object, resulting from the tomographic measurement process at a given angle \theta, is made up of a set of line integrals (see ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iterative Reconstruction
Iterative reconstruction refers to iterative algorithms used to reconstruct 2D and 3D images in certain imaging techniques. For example, in computed tomography an image must be reconstructed from projections of an object. Here, iterative reconstruction techniques are usually a better, but computationally more expensive alternative to the common filtered back projection (FBP) method, which directly calculates the image in a single reconstruction step.Herman, G. T.Fundamentals of computerized tomography: Image reconstruction from projection 2nd edition, Springer, 2009 In recent research works, scientists have shown that extremely fast computations and massive parallelism is possible for iterative reconstruction, which makes iterative reconstruction practical for commercialization. Basic concepts The reconstruction of an image from the acquired data is an inverse problem. Often, it is not possible to exactly solve the inverse problem directly. In this case, a direct algorithm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reconstruction Conjecture
Informally, the reconstruction conjecture in graph theory says that graphs are determined uniquely by their subgraphs. It is due to KellyKelly, P. J.A congruence theorem for trees ''Pacific J. Math.'' 7 (1957), 961–968. and Ulam.Ulam, S. M., A collection of mathematical problems, Wiley, New York, 1960. Formal statements Given a graph G = (V,E), a vertex-deleted subgraph of G is a subgraph formed by deleting exactly one vertex from G. By definition, it is an induced subgraph of G. For a graph G, the deck of G, denoted D(G), is the multiset of isomorphism classes of all vertex-deleted subgraphs of G. Each graph in D(G) is called a card. Two graphs that have the same deck are said to be hypomorphic. With these definitions, the conjecture can be stated as: * Reconstruction Conjecture: Any two hypomorphic graphs on at least three vertices are isomorphic. : (The requirement that the graphs have at least three vertices is necessary because both graphs on two vertices ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reconstruction Era
The Reconstruction era was a period in American history following the American Civil War (1861–1865) and lasting until approximately the Compromise of 1877. During Reconstruction, attempts were made to rebuild the country after the bloody Civil War, bring the former Confederate states back into the United States, and to redress the political, social, and economic legacies of slavery. During the era, Congress abolished slavery, ended the remnants of Confederate secession in the South, and passed the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution (the Reconstruction Amendments) ostensibly guaranteeing the newly freed slaves (freedmen) the same civil rights as those of whites. Following a year of violent attacks against Blacks in the South, in 1866 Congress federalized the protection of civil rights, and placed formerly secessionist states under the control of the U.S. military, requiring ex-Confederate states to adopt guarantees for the civil rights of fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime Reconstruction
Crime reconstruction or crime scene reconstruction is the forensic science discipline in which one gains "explicit knowledge of the series of events that surround the commission of a crime using deductive and inductive reasoning, physical evidence, scientific methods, and their interrelationships". Gardner and Bevel explain that crime scene reconstruction "involves evaluating the context of a scene and the physical evidence found there in an effort to identify what occurred and in what order it occurred." Chisum and Turvey explain that " listic crime reconstruction is the development of actions and circumstances based on the system of evidence discovered and examined in relation to a particular crime. In this philosophy, all elements of evidence that come to light in a given case are treated as interdependent; the significance of each piece, each action, and each event falls and rises on the backs of the others." Methods Crime scene reconstruction has been described as putting tog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reconstructive Plastic Surgery
Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving the restoration, reconstruction or alteration of the human body. It can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery includes craniofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. While reconstructive surgery aims to reconstruct a part of the body or improve its functioning, cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery aims at improving the appearance of it. Etymology The word ''plastic'' in ''plastic surgery'' means "reshaping" and comes from the Greek πλαστική (τέχνη), ''plastikē'' (''tekhnē''), "the art of modelling" of malleable flesh. This meaning in English is seen as early as 1598. The surgical definition of "plastic" first appeared in 1839, preceding the modern "engineering material made from petroleum" sense by 70 years. History Treatments for the plastic repair of a broken nose are first mentioned in the Egyptian medical tex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reconstruction
Reconstruction may refer to: Politics, history, and sociology *Reconstruction (law), the transfer of a company's (or several companies') business to a new company *'' Perestroika'' (Russian for "reconstruction"), a late 20th century Soviet Union political movement *Critical reconstruction, an architectural theory related to the reconstruction of Berlin after the end of the Berlin Wall *Economic reconstruction *Ministry of Reconstruction, a UK government department *The Reconstruction era of the United States, the period after the Civil War, 1865–1877 ** The Reconstruction Acts, or Military Reconstruction Acts, addressing requirements for Southern States to be readmitted to the Union * Reconstruction Finance Corporation, a United States government agency from 1932–1957 Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Reconstruction'' (1968 film), a Romanian tragicomedy * ''Reconstruction'' (2001 film), about the 1959 Ioanid Gang bank heist in Romania * ''Reconstruction'' (2003 film) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ReConStruction
Reconstruction may refer to: Politics, history, and sociology *Reconstruction (law), the transfer of a company's (or several companies') business to a new company *'' Perestroika'' (Russian for "reconstruction"), a late 20th century Soviet Union political movement * Critical reconstruction, an architectural theory related to the reconstruction of Berlin after the end of the Berlin Wall * Economic reconstruction * Ministry of Reconstruction, a UK government department *The Reconstruction era of the United States, the period after the Civil War, 1865–1877 ** The Reconstruction Acts, or Military Reconstruction Acts, addressing requirements for Southern States to be readmitted to the Union * Reconstruction Finance Corporation, a United States government agency from 1932–1957 Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Reconstruction'' (1968 film), a Romanian tragicomedy * ''Reconstruction'' (2001 film), about the 1959 Ioanid Gang bank heist in Romania * ''Reconstruction'' (2003 fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Memorial Reconstruction
Memorial reconstruction is the hypothesis that the scripts of some 17th century plays were written down from memory by actors who had played parts in them, and that those transcriptions were published.British LibrarRetrieved: 10 December 2007. The theory is suggested as an explanation for the so-called "bad quarto" versions of plays, in which the texts differ dramatically from later published versions, or appear to be corrupted or confused. The theory however is facing growing criticism by a number of scholars for being overly applied, and for being an elaborate theory, yet with little evidence to support it. In 1623, the preface to the First Folio of Shakespeare's works specifically marketed its content as correct, in contrast to the garbled texts of "stolen and surreptitious copies" published previously. Memorial reconstruction has been supposed to be one of the ways in which texts were "stolen". Examples of possible memorial reconstructions are early editions of Shakespeare, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Memorial Reconstruction")