Machiavellianism
Machiavellianism or Machiavellian may refer to: Politics *Machiavellianism (politics), the supposed political philosophy of Niccolò Machiavelli *Political realism Psychology *Machiavellianism (psychology), a personality trait centered on cold and manipulative behavior ** Machiavellianism in the workplace *Machiavellian intelligence, concept in primatology that deals with the ability to be in a successful political engagement with social groups Other *Machiavellian (horse), 1987–2004, an American racehorse See also * ''The Prince ''The Prince'' ( it, Il Principe ; la, De Principatibus) is a 16th-century political treatise written by Italian diplomat and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli as an instruction guide for new princes and royals. The general theme of ''The ...

Machiavellianism (psychology)
In the field of personality psychology, Machiavellianism is a personality trait centered on manipulativeness, callousness, and indifference to morality.Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2009). Machiavellianism. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), ''Handbook of individual differences in social behavior'' (pp. 93–108). New York: The Guilford Press. Though it has nothing to do with the historical figure or his political thought, the trait is named after the political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli, as psychologists Richard Christie and Florence Geis used edited and truncated statements inspired by his works to study variations in human behaviors. Their ''Mach IV'' test, a 20-question, Likert-scale personality survey, became the standard self-assessment tool and scale of the Machiavellianism construct. Those who score high on the scale (High Machs) are more likely to have a high level of deceitfulness and a cynical, unempathetic temperament. It is one of the dark triad traits, alo ...
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Machiavellianism In The Workplace
Machiavellianism in the workplace is a concept studied by many organizational psychologists. Conceptualized originally by Richard Christie and Florence Geis, Machiavellianism refers to a psychological trait concept where individuals behave in a cold and duplicitous manner. It has in recent times been adapted and applied to the context of the workplace and organizations by many writers and academics. Oliver James wrote on the effects of Machiavellianism and other dark triad personality traits in the workplace, the others being narcissism and psychopathy. A new model of Machiavellianism based in organizational settings consists of three factors:Kessler, SR; Bandeiii, AC; Spector, PE; Borman, WC; Nelson, CE; and Penney, LM 2010. Reexamining Machiavelli: A three dimensional model of Machiavellianism in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40, 1868–1896 * maintaining power * harsh management tactics * manipulative behaviors. Examples of behaviors that individuals high ...
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Machiavellianism (politics)
Machiavellianism is widely defined as the political philosophy of the Italian Renaissance diplomat Niccolò Machiavelli. Overview After his exile from political life in 1512, Machiavelli took to a life of writing, which led to the publishing of his most famous work, ''The Prince.'' The book would become infamous for its recommendations for absolute rulers to be ready to act in unscrupulous ways, such as resorting to fraud and treachery, elimination of political opponents, and the usage of fear as a means of controlling subjects. Machiavelli's view that acquiring a state and maintaining it requires evil means has been noted as the chief theme of the treatise. He has become infamous for this advice, so much so that the adjective ''Machiavellian'' would later on describe a type of politics that is "marked by cunning, duplicity, or bad faith". While Machiavelli has become widely popular for his work on principalities, his other major work, '' The Discourses on Livy,'' focused mai ...
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Machiavellian Intelligence
In primatology, machiavellian intelligence is the capacity of an organism to be in a successful political engagement with social groups. The first introduction of this concept came from Frans de Waal's book ''Chimpanzee Politics'' (1982), which described social maneuvering while explicitly quoting Machiavelli. This hypothesis posits that large brains and distinctive cognitive abilities of humans have evolved via intense social competition in which social competitors developed increasingly sophisticated “Machiavellian” strategies as a means to achieve higher social and reproductive success. Behaviors of organisms Machiavellian intelligence may be demonstrated by primate behaviors including: * Blaming and forgiveness; *Lying and truth-telling; *Making and breaking alliances; *Making and breaking promises; *Making and breaking rules *Misleading and misdirection. Criticisms Food and nutrient factors The claim that large brains are linked to large social groups in primates ...
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Political Realism
Realism is one of the dominant schools of thought in international relations theory, theoretically formalising the Realpolitik statesmanship of early modern Europe. Although a highly diverse body of thought, it is unified by the belief that world politics is always and necessarily a field of conflict among actors pursuing wealth and power. The theories of realism are contrasted by the cooperative ideals of liberalism in international relations. Realists are divided into three classes based on their view of the essential causes of interstate conflict. Classical realists believe it follows from human nature; neorealists attribute it to the dynamics of the anarchic state system; neoclassical realists believe it results from both, in combination with domestic politics. Neorealists are also divided between defensive and offensive realism. Realists trace the history of their ideas back through classical antiquity, beginning with Thucydides. Realism entails a spectrum of ideas, ...
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Machiavellian (horse)
Machiavellian (January 31, 1987 – June 27, 2004) was an American-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a racing career which lasted from August 1989 to August 1990 he ran seven times and won four races. He was the leading French two-year-old of 1989 when he was unbeaten in three races including the Group One Prix Morny and Prix de la Salamandre. He later became a highly successful sire of winners. Background Machiavellian was a bay horse sired by the outstanding American stallion Mr Prospector. Machiavellian's dam Coup de Folie produced several important winners including Coup de Genie (Prix Morny), Exit To Nowhere ( Prix Jacques le Marois) and Hydro Calido ( Prix d'Astarte). Racing career Machiavellian began his racing career by winning the Prix Yacowlef at Deauville on 3 August 1989. Seventeen days later he was moved up to Group One level to contest the Prix Morny over the same course and distance. Ridden by Freddy Head, he won by two lengths from Qirmazi. Three w ...
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