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Xeon
Xeon ( ) is a brand of x86 microprocessors designed, manufactured, and marketed by Intel, targeted at the non-consumer workstation, server, and embedded system markets. It was introduced in June 1998. Xeon processors are based on the same architecture as regular desktop-grade CPUs, but have advanced features such as support for ECC memory, higher core counts, more PCI Express lanes, support for larger amounts of RAM, larger cache memory and extra provision for enterprise-grade reliability, availability and serviceability (RAS) features responsible for handling hardware exceptions through the Machine Check Architecture. They are often capable of safely continuing execution where a normal processor cannot due to these extra RAS features, depending on the type and severity of the machine-check exception (MCE). Some also support multi-socket systems with two, four, or eight sockets through use of the Ultra Path Interconnect (UPI) bus. Overview The ''Xeon'' brand has been m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skylake (microarchitecture)
Skylake is the codename used by Intel for a processor microarchitecture that was launched in August 2015 succeeding the Broadwell microarchitecture. Skylake is a microarchitecture redesign using the same 14 nm manufacturing process technology as its predecessor, serving as a tock in Intel's tick–tock manufacturing and design model. According to Intel, the redesign brings greater CPU and GPU performance and reduced power consumption. Skylake CPUs share their microarchitecture with Kaby Lake, Coffee Lake, Cannon Lake, Whiskey Lake, and Comet Lake CPUs. Skylake is the last Intel platform on which Windows earlier than Windows 10 will be officially supported by Microsoft, although enthusiast-created modifications exist that allow Windows 8.1 and earlier to continue to receive Windows Updates on later platforms. Some of the processors based on the Skylake microarchitecture are marketed as 6th-generation Core. Intel officially declared end of life and discontinued Sk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Core (microarchitecture)
The Intel Core microarchitecture (provisionally referred to as Next Generation Micro-architecture, and developed as Merom) is a multi-core processor microarchitecture launched by Intel in mid-2006. It is a major evolution over the Yonah, the previous iteration of the P6 microarchitecture series which started in 1995 with Pentium Pro. It also replaced the NetBurst microarchitecture, which suffered from high power consumption and heat intensity due to an inefficient pipeline designed for high clock rate. In early 2004 the new version of NetBurst (Prescott) needed very high power to reach the clocks it needed for competitive performance, making it unsuitable for the shift to dual/multi-core CPUs. On May 7, 2004 Intel confirmed the cancellation of the next NetBurst. Intel had been developing Merom, the 64-bit evolution of the Pentium M, since 2001, and decided to expand it to all market segments, replacing NetBurst in desktop computers and servers. It inherited from Pentium M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LGA 771
LGA 771, also known as ''Socket J'', is a CPU interface introduced by Intel in 2006. It is used in Intel Core microarchitecture and NetBurst microarchitecture(Dempsey) based DP-capable server processors, the Dual-Core Xeon is codenamed Dempsey, Woodcrest, and Wolfdale and the Quad-Core processors Clovertown, Harpertown, and Yorkfield-CL. It is also used for the Core 2 Extreme QX9775, and blade servers designated under Conroe-CL. It was succeeded by LGA 1366 for the Nehalem-based Xeon processors. Technical specifications As its name implies, it is a land grid array with 771 contacts. The word "socket" in this instance is a misnomer, as the processor interface has no pin holes. Instead, it has 771 protruding lands which touch contact points on the underside of the microprocessor. The "J" in "Socket J" refers to the now-canceled processor codenamed " Jayhawk", which was expected to debut alongside this interface. It is intended as a successor to Socket 604 and takes muc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Broadwell (microarchitecture)
Broadwell is the fifth generation of the Intel Core Processor. It is Intel's codename for the 14 nanometer die shrink of its Haswell microarchitecture. It is a "tick" in Intel's tick–tock principle as the next step in semiconductor fabrication. Like some of the previous tick-tock iterations, Broadwell did not completely replace the full range of CPUs from the previous microarchitecture ( Haswell), as there were no low-end desktop CPUs based on Broadwell. Some of the processors based on the Broadwell microarchitecture are marketed as "5th-generation Core" i3, i5 and i7 processors. This moniker is however not used for marketing of the Broadwell-based Celeron, Pentium or Xeon chips. This microarchitecture also introduced the Core M processor branding. Broadwell is the last Intel platform on which Windows 7 is supported by either Intel or Microsoft; however, third-party hardware vendors have offered limited Windows 7 support on more recent platforms. Broadwell's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LGA 2011
LGA 2011, also called ''Socket R'', is a CPU socket by Intel released on November 14, 2011. It launched along with LGA 1356 to replace its predecessor, LGA 1366 (Socket B) and LGA 1567. While LGA 1356 was designed for dual-processor or low-end servers, LGA 2011 was designed for high-end desktops and high-performance servers. The socket has 2011 protruding pins that touch contact points on the underside of the processor. The LGA 2011 socket uses QPI to connect the CPU to additional CPUs. DMI 2.0 is used to connect the processor to the PCH. The memory controller and 40 PCI Express (PCIe) lanes are integrated on the CPU. On a secondary processor an extra ×4 PCIe interface replaces the DMI interface. As with its predecessor LGA 1366, there is no provisioning for integrated graphics. This socket supports four DDR3 or DDR4 SDRAM memory channels with up to three unbuffered or registered DIMMs per channel, as well as up to 40 PCI Express 2.0 or 3.0 lanes. LGA& ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haswell (microarchitecture)
Haswell is the codename for a processor microarchitecture developed by Intel as the "fourth-generation core" successor to the Ivy Bridge (which is a die shrink/tick of the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture). Intel officially announced CPUs based on this microarchitecture on June 4, 2013, at Computex Taipei 2013, while a working Haswell chip was demonstrated at the 2011 Intel Developer Forum. With Haswell, which uses a 22 nm process, Intel also introduced low-power processors designed for convertible or "hybrid" ultrabooks, designated by the "U" suffix. Haswell CPUs are used in conjunction with the Intel 8 Series chipsets, Intel 9 Series chipsets, and Intel C220 series chipsets. At least one Haswell-based processor is still being sold as of 2022, the Pentium G3420. Design The Haswell architecture is specifically designed to optimize the power savings and performance benefits from the move to FinFET (non-planar, "3D") transistors on the improved 22 nm p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivy Bridge (microarchitecture)
Ivy Bridge is the codename for Intel's 22 nm microarchitecture used in the third generation of the Intel Core processors ( Core i7, i5, i3). Ivy Bridge is a die shrink to 22 nm process based on FinFET ("3D") Tri-Gate transistors, from the former generation's 32 nm Sandy Bridge microarchitecture—also known as tick–tock model. The name is also applied more broadly to the Xeon and Core i7 Ivy Bridge-E series of processors released in 2013. Ivy Bridge processors are backward compatible with the Sandy Bridge platform, but such systems might require a firmware update (vendor specific). In 2011, Intel released the 7-series Panther Point chipsets with integrated USB 3.0 and SATA 3.0 to complement Ivy Bridge. Volume production of Ivy Bridge chips began in the third quarter of 2011. Quad-core and dual-core-mobile models launched on April 29, 2012 and May 31, 2012 respectively. Core i3 desktop processors, as well as the first 22 nm Pentium, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
X86-64
x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64) is a 64-bit version of the x86 instruction set, first released in 1999. It introduced two new modes of operation, 64-bit mode and compatibility mode, along with a new 4-level paging mode. With 64-bit mode and the new paging mode, it supports vastly larger amounts of virtual memory and physical memory than was possible on its 32-bit predecessors, allowing programs to store larger amounts of data in memory. x86-64 also expands general-purpose registers to 64-bit, and expands the number of them from 8 (some of which had limited or fixed functionality, e.g. for stack management) to 16 (fully general), and provides numerous other enhancements. Floating-point arithmetic is supported via mandatory SSE2-like instructions, and x87/MMX style registers are generally not used (but still available even in 64-bit mode); instead, a set of 16 vector registers, 128 bits each, is used. (Each register can store one or two double-p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nehalem (microarchitecture)
Nehalem is the codename for Intel's 45 nm microarchitecture released in November 2008. It was used in the first-generation of the Intel Core i5 and i7 processors, and succeeds the older Core microarchitecture used on Core 2 processors. The term "Nehalem" comes from the Nehalem River. Nehalem is built on the 45 nm process, is able to run at higher clock speeds, and is more energy-efficient than Penryn microprocessors. Hyper-threading is reintroduced, along with a reduction in L2 cache size, as well as an enlarged L3 cache that is shared among all cores. Nehalem is an architecture that differs radically from Netburst, while retaining some of the latter's minor features. Nehalem later received a die-shrink to 32 nm with Westmere, and was fully succeeded by "second-generation" Sandy Bridge in January 2011. Technology * Cache line block on L2/L3 cache was reduced from 128 bytes in Netburst & Conroe/Penryn to 64 bytes per line in this generation (same size as Yona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LGA 2066
LGA 2066, also called ''Socket R4'', is a CPU socket by Intel that debuted with Skylake-X and Kaby Lake-X processors in June 2017. It replaces Intel's LGA 2011-3 (R3) in the performance, high-end desktop and Workstation platforms (based on the X299 "Basin Falls" and C422 chipsets), while LGA 3647 (Socket P) replaces LGA 2011-3 (R3) in the server platforms based on Skylake-SP (Xeon "Purley"). Compatible processors High-End Desktop (HEDT) All of these CPUs require the Intel X299 chipset to work. So, the C422 chipset is strictly limited to work with workstation processors only. Kaby Lake-X Kaby Lake-X processors were discontinued in May 2018. Starting October 2019, BIOS updates for most of the X299-based motherboards removed support for Kaby Lake-X processors. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Westmere (microarchitecture)
Westmere (formerly Nehalem-C) is the code name given to the 32 nm die shrink of '' Nehalem''. While sharing the same CPU sockets, Westmere included Intel HD Graphics, while Nehalem did not. The first ''Westmere''-based processors were launched on January 7, 2010, by Intel Corporation. The Westmere architecture has been available under the Intel brands of Core i3, Core i5, Core i7, Pentium, Celeron and Xeon. Technology Westmere's feature improvements from Nehalem, as reported: * Native six-core (Gulftown) and ten-core (Westmere-EX) processors. * A new set of instructions that gives over 3x the encryption and decryption rate of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) processes compared to before. ** Delivers seven new instructions ( AES instruction set or AES-NI), out of which six implement the AES algorithm, and PCLMULQDQ (see CLMUL instruction set) implements carry-less multiplication for use in cryptography and data compression. * Integrated graphics, added into the processor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LGA 3647
LGA 3647 is an Intel microprocessor compatible socket used by Xeon Phi x200 ("Knights Landing"), Xeon Phi 72x5 ("Knights Mill"), Skylake-SP, Cascade Lake-SP/AP, and Cascade Lake-W microprocessors. The socket supports a 6-channel memory controller, non-volatile 3D XPoint memory DIMMs, Intel Ultra Path Interconnect (UPI), as a replacement for QPI, and 100G Omni-Path interconnect and also has a new mounting mechanism which does not use a lever to secure it in place but the CPU cooler's pressure and its screws to secure it in place. Variants There are two sub-versions of this socket with differences also in the ILM ( Independent Loading Mechanism, pitch of center screws changed slightly and a more visible one being that the guiding pins are in other corners). The processor socket and the matching notches on the processor are at different location, preventing insertion of an incompatible processor and preventing use of the wrong heatsink in a system. The more common P0 variant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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