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Sultan Mehmud Khurd
The Sultanate of Hazara or Hazara Sultanate also natively known as Hazara i Karlugh was an early modern empire based in South Asia between the 15th and 18th centuries. The sultanate encompassed the modern Hazara region, bordering Kashmir Subah to the east, Lahore Subah to the south, Kabul Subah to the west and the semi autonomous states of Gilgit to the north. The Karlugh Turks ruled the region autonomously under the Timurids until 1480, establishing their sovereignty. Mughal Hazara (Pakhli) was established as a Sarkar of the Lahore Subah in 1526 in the Mughal documents. It was not until the conquest of Kashmir in 1586 that Hazara/Pakhli was demoted to a Parganah under the newly established Kashmir Sarkar of the Kabul Subah and was often called Hazara/Pakhli Parganah but in 1638 with the raise of status of the Kashmir Sarkar to Kashmir Subah, Hazara was also raised to a Sarkar hence the name Hazara/Pakhli Sarkar. The Ain-i-Akbari The ''Ain-i-Akbari'' ( fa, ) or the "A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Language
Persian (), also known by its endonym Farsi (, ', ), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutually intelligible standard varieties, namely Iranian Persian (officially known as ''Persian''), Dari Persian (officially known as ''Dari'' since 1964) and Tajiki Persian (officially known as ''Tajik'' since 1999).Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002. It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate history in the cultural sphere of Greater Iran. It is written officially within Iran and Afghanistan in the Persian alphabet, a derivation of the Arabic script, and within Tajikistan in the Tajik alphabet, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, and has the world's second-largest Muslim population just behind Indonesia. Pakistan is the 33rd-largest country in the world by area and 2nd largest in South Asia, spanning . It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China to the northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman. Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is its largest city and financial centre. Pakistan is the site of several ancient cultures, including the 8,500-year-old Neolithic site of Mehrgarh in Balochistan, the Indus Valley civilisation of the Bronze Age, the most extens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ain-i-Akbari
The ''Ain-i-Akbari'' ( fa, ) or the "Administration of Akbar", is a 16th-century detailed document recording the administration of the Mughal Empire under Emperor Akbar, written by his court historian, Abu'l Fazl in the Persian language. It forms Volume III and the final part of the much larger document, the '' Akbarnama'' (''Account of Akbar''), also by Abu'l-Fazl, and is itself in three volumes. Contents The ''Ain-i-Akbari'' is the third volume of the ''Akbarnama'' containing information on Akbar's reign in the form of administrative reports, similar to a gazetteer. In Blochmann's explanation, "it contains the 'āīn' (i.e. mode of governing) of Emperor Akbar, and is in fact the administrative report and statistical return of his government as it was about 1590."Blochmann, H. (tr.) (1927, reprint 1993). ''The Ain-I Akbari by Abu'l-Fazl Allami'', Vol. I, Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, preface (first edition) The ''Ain-i-Akbari'' is divided into five books. The first book cal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashmir Valley
The Kashmir Valley, also known as the ''Vale of Kashmir'', is an intermontane valley concentrated in the Kashmir Division of the Indian- union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The valley is bounded on the southwest by the Pir Panjal Range and on the northeast by the main Himalayas range. It is approximately long and wide, and drained by the Jhelum River. Geography The Kashmir Valley lies between latitude 33° and 35°N, and longitude 73° and 76°E. The valley is wide and covers in area. It is bounded by sub-ranges of the Western Himalayas: the Great Himalayas bound it in the northeast and separate it from the Tibetan plateau, whereas the Pir Panjal Range in the Lesser Himalayas bounds it on the west and the south, and separates it from the Punjab Plain. The valley has an average elevation of above sea-level, but the surrounding Pir Panjal range has an average elevation of . The Jhelum River is the main river of the Valley. It originates at Verinag; its most im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarkar (country Subdivision)
Sarkar ( hi, , ur, , pa, ਸਰਕਾਰ, bn, সরকার also spelt Circar) is a historical administrative division, used mostly in the Mughal Empire. It was a division of a Subah or province. A sarkar was further divided into Mahallas or Parganas. The Sarkar system was replaced in the early 18th century by the Chakla system. See also * Northern Circars, the five individual districts making up a former division of British India's Madras Presidency * Rajamundry Sarkar, one among the Northern Circars * Pakhli, an ancient sarkar now part of Hazara, Pakistan * Pakhal Sarkar Pakhal is an area of the Mansehra district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It was ruled by the Sarkar Sultanate between 1190 and 1519. Also known as the Sarkar Kingdom, it was known for agricultural products such as rice and tobacco. The territory ..., an area of Mansehra district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan References Subdivisions of the Mughal Empire Former subdivisions of Bangladesh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timurid Empire
The Timurid Empire ( chg, , fa, ), self-designated as Gurkani (Chagatai language, Chagatai: کورگن, ''Küregen''; fa, , ''Gūrkāniyān''), was a PersianateB.F. Manz, ''"Tīmūr Lang"'', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Online Edition, 2006 Turkic peoples, Turco-Mongols, Mongol empire that dominated Greater Iran in the early 15th century, comprising modern-day Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, the South Caucasus, as well as most of contemporary Pakistan and parts of contemporary North India and Turkey. The empire was founded by Timur (also known as Tamerlane), a warlord of Turco-Mongol lineage, who established the empire between 1370 and his death in 1405. He envisioned himself as the great restorer of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan, regarded himself as Genghis's heir, and associated much with the Borjigin. Timur continued vigorous trade relations with Ming dynasty, Ming China and the Golden Horde, with Chinese diplomats like Ma Huan and Chen Cheng (Ming dynasty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazara-i-Karlugh
The Hazara-i-Karlugh ( fa, ) were the Turkic soldiers that founded and ruled the Turki Shahi dynasties from 1400 to 1700 in what is now the current Hazara area of Pakistan. Etymology Hazara-i-Karlugh literally means " Hazara of Karlugh origin". Karlugh is a Persian pronunciation of the Turkic word Qarluq. History Hazara-i-Karlugh were settled in Northern India (now Hazara, Pakistan) by Timur after his invasion of India in 1398-99The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 13, p. 76 See also *List of Hazara tribes The Hazara people are an ethnic group who inhabit and originate from Hazarajat ( Hazaristan) region, located in central parts of Afghanistan and generally scattered throughout Afghanistan. However, there are significant populations of Hazaras in ... References Hazara tribes Warfare of the Early Modern period Military history of Pakistan Turkic peoples of Asia Nomadic groups in Eurasia {{Pakistan-history-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilgit Division
The Gilgit Division is a first-order administrative division of Pakistan's dependent territory of Gilgit-Baltistan. The divisional headquarters of the Gilgit Division is the town of Gilgit. Since divisions were restored in 2008, the Gilgit Division currently consists of five districts: Note: Although the division as an administrative structure had been abolished, the election commission of Pakistan still grouped districts under the division names * * * [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabul Subah
The history of Afghanistan as a state began in 1823 as the Emirate of Afghanistan after the exile of the Sadozai monarchy to Herat. The Sadozai monarchy ruled the Afghan Durrani Empire, considered the founding state of modern Afghanistan. The written recorded history of the land presently constituting Afghanistan can be traced back to around 500 BCE when the area was under the Achaemenid Empire, although evidence indicates that an advanced degree of urbanized culture has existed in the land since between 3000 and 2000 BCE. Bactria dates back to 2500 BCE. The Indus Valley civilisation stretched up to large parts of Afghanistan in the north. Alexander the Great and his Macedonian army arrived at what is now Afghanistan in 330 BCE after the fall of the Achaemenid Empire during the Battle of Gaugamela. Since then, many empires have established capitals in Afghanistan, including the Greco-Bactrians, Kushans, Indo-Sassanids, Kabul Shahi, Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subah Of Lahore
The Subah of Lahore was a province of the Mughal Empire encompassing the central Punjab region, now divided between Pakistan and India. It was created as one of the original 12 Subahs of the Mughal Empire under the administrative reforms carried by emperor Akbar in 1580. The province ceased to exist after the death of its last viceroy, Adina Beg in 1758, with large parts being incorporated into Durrani Empire. Geography The subah of Lahore was bordered on the south by the Multan Subah and Delhi Subah, to the north by Kashmir Subah, to the west by the Kabul Subah, and to the north east by the semi-autonomous hill states. History Establishing Mughal control In 1519, Babur first crossed the Indus river and took control of the entire Sind Sagar Doab up to Bhera and Khushab and by 1524 he had sacked Lahore. He then appointed representatives to key positions in his newly occupied territories, including Mir Abdul Aziz at Lahore. He went on to take several key hill forts such as Ku ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughal Kashmir
, image_flag = Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg , flag_caption = Alam flag of the Mughal Empire , capital = Srinagar , religion = , demonym = , government_type = Dependent later self governing viceroyalty under Mughal Empire , legislature = Mughal Darbar , area_label = 1638 , currency = , status = , year_end = 1752 , life_span = 1586–1752 , year_start = 1586 , image_map_caption = Kashmir Sarkar of Kabul Subah depicted in map of Mughal India by Robert Wilkinson (1805) , common_languages = , title_leader = Faujdar/Subahdar , year_leader1 = 1586–1588 , leader1 = Qasim Khan , year_leader2 = 1611–1616 , leader2 = Ahmed Beg Khan , year_leader3 = 1638–1646 , leader3 = Ali Mardan Khan , year_leader4 = 1652–1657 , leader4 = Ali Mardan Khan , year_leader5 = 1671–1675 , leader5 = Iftikhar Khan , year_leader6 = 1721–1723 , leader6 = Abd al-Samad Khan , year_leader7 = 1751–1752 , leader7 = Quli Khan , even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Asia
South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and ... and culture, ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.;;;;;;;; Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian subcontinent and defined largely by the Indian Ocean on the south, and the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Pamir Mountains, Pamir mountains on the north. The Amu Darya, which rises north of the Hindu Kush, forms part of the northwestern border. On land (clockwise), South Asia is bounded by Western Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic cooperation organiza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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