The Single Convention on Narcotic
Narcotic Drugs of 1961 is an international treaty to prohibit production and supply of specific (nominally narcotic) drugs and of drugs with similar effects except under licence for specific purposes, such as medical treatment and research. As noted below, its major effects included updating the Paris Convention of 13 July 1931 to include the vast number of synthetic opioids invented in the intervening thirty years and a mechanism for more easily including new ones. From 1931 to 1961, most of the families of synthetic opioids had been developed, including drugs related to methadone, pethidine, morphinans and dextromoramide; research on fentanyls and piritramide was also nearing fruition at that point. Earlier treaties had only controlled opium, coca, and derivatives such as morphine, heroin and cocaine
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Coordinates: 30°N 70°E / 30°N 70°E / 30; 70 Islamic Republic
Islamic Republic of Pakistan اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاكِستان (Urdu) Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān[1]FlagEmblemMotto: Īmān, Ittihād, Nazam ایمان، اتحاد، نظم (Urdu) "Faith, Unity, Discipline" [2]Anthem: Qaumī Tarānah قَومی ترانہ "The National Anthem"[3]Area controlled by
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Coordinates: 0°32′S 166°56′E / 0.533°S 166.933°E / -0.533; 166.933 (Nauru)Republic of Nauru Repubrikin Naoero (Nauruan)FlagCoat of armsMotto: "God's will first"Anthem: Nauru
Nauru Bwiema "Nauru, our homeland"Capital Yaren (de facto) [a]Largest city MenengOfficial languages NauruanCommon languages English[a]Demonym NauruanGovernment Unitary parliamentary republic under a non-partisan democracy• PresidentBaron Waqa• Speaker of the ParliamentCyril BuramanL
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Fang Bube Combe Pidgin English Annobonese, Igbo[4][5]Ethnic groups (1994[6])81.7% Fang 6.5% Bubi 3.6% Ndowe 1.6% Annobon 1.1% Bujeba (Kwasio) 5.4% Igbo and othersaDemonymEquatorial Guinean EquatoguineanGovernmentUnitary dominant-party presidential republic (de jure) Unitary one-party state under totalitarian dictatorship (de facto)[7]• PresidentTeodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo• Prime MinisterFrancisco Pascual Obama Asue• First Vice PresidentTeodoro Nguema Obiang MangueLegislature Parliament• Upper houseSenate• Lower houseChamber of DeputiesIndependence• from Spain12 October 1968Area• Total28,050 km2 (10,830 sq mi) (141st)• Water (%)negligiblePopulation• 2016 estimate1,221,490[8]• 2015 c
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East Timor
Timor (/ˌiːst ˈtiːmɔːr/ ( listen)) or Timor-Leste (/tiˈmɔːr ˈlɛʃteɪ/; Tetum: Timór Lorosa'e), officially the Democratic Republic
Republic of Timor-Leste[11] (Portuguese: República Democrática de Timor-Leste,[12] Tetum: Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste),[13] is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia.[14] It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island surrounded by Indonesian West Timor. Australia
Australia is the country's southern neighbor, separated by the Timor Sea
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Coordinates: 15°N 19°E / 15°N 19°E / 15; 19Republic of Chad République du Tchad (French) جمهورية تشاد (Arabic) Jumhūrīyat TashādFlagCoat of armsMotto: "Unité, Travail, Progrès" (French) "Unity, Work, Progress" "الاتحاد، العمل، التقدم" (Arabic)Anthem: La Tchadienne (French) نشيد تشاد الوطني (Arabic) The Chadian HymnLocation of Chad (dark blue)Capital and largest city N'Djamena 12°06′N 16°02′E / 12.100°N 16.033°E / 12.100; 16.033Official languagesArabic FrenchEthnic groups (2010)27.7% Sara 12.3% Arab 10.5% Toubou 9.5% Mayo-Kebbi 9.0% Kanem-Bornou 8.7% Ouaddaï 6.7% Hadjarai 6.5% Tandjilé 4.7% Bilala 6.4% other 0.3% unknownDemonym ChadianGovernment Unitary dominant-party presidential republic• PresidentIdriss Déb
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.svg/740px-United_Nations_Members_(green–grey_scheme).svg.png "Go To List2 -> Member States Of The United Nations")
The United Nations
United Nations member states are the 193 sovereign states that are members of the United Nations
United Nations (UN) and have equal repre
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Coordinates: 32°00′N 35°15′E / 32.000°N 35.250°E / 32.000; 35.250State of Palestine[i] دولة فلسطين (Arabic) Dawlat FilasṭīnFlagCoat of armsAnthem: "فدائي" "Fida'i"[1][2] "My Redemption"Territory claimed by the State of Palestine
State of Palestine (green)[3] Territory also claimed by Israel
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The Holy See
Holy See (Italian: Santa Sede; Latin: Sancta Sedes; Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈsaŋkta ˈsedes]), also referred to as the See of Rome, is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church
Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Pope, and an independent sovereign entity. It serves as the central point of reference for the Catholic Church everywhere and the focal point of communion due to its position as the pre-eminent episcopal see of the universal church. Today, it is responsible for the governance of all Catholics, organised in their Particular Churches, Patriarchates and religious institutes. As an independent sovereign entity, holding the Vatican City
Vatican City enclave in Rome
Rome as an independent state, it maintains diplomatic relations with other states
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Money laundering
Money laundering is the act of concealing the transformation of profits from illegal activities and corruption into ostensibly "legitimate" assets.[1] The dilemma of illicit activities is accounting for the origin of the proceeds of such activities without raising the suspicion of law enforcement agencies. Accordingly, considerable time and effort is put into devising strategies which enable the safe use of those proceeds without raising unwanted suspicion. Implementing such strategies is generally called money laundering. After money has been suitably laundered or “cleaned”, it can be used in the mainstream economy for accumulation of wealth, such as acquisitions of properties, or otherwise spent
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Coordinates: 13°35′S 172°20′W / 13.583°S 172.333°W / -13.583; -172.333Independent State of Samoa Malo Saʻoloto Tutoʻatasi o Sāmoa (Samoan)FlagCoat of armsMotto: "Faʻavae i le Atua Sāmoa" " Samoa
Samoa is founded on God"Anthem: O le fuʻa o le saʻolotoga o Samoa "The Banner of Freedom" The National Anthem of SamoaCapital and largest city Apia 13°50′S
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Drug diversion
Drug diversion is a medical and legal concept involving the transfer of any legally prescribed controlled substance from the individual for whom it was prescribed to another person for any illicit use.[1][2] The definition varies slightly among different jurisdictions, but the transfer of a controlled substance alone usually does not constitute a diversion, since certain controlled substances that are prescribed to a child are intended to be administered by an adult, as directed by a medical professional. [3]The term comes from the "diverting" of the drugs from their original licit medical purpose
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Coordinates: 8°N 30°E / 8°N 30°E / 8; 30 Republic
Republic of South SudanFlagCoat of armsMotto: "Justice, Liberty, Prosperity"Anthem: "South Sudan
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Coordinates: 8°31′15″S 179°11′55″E / 8.52083°S 179.19861°E / -8.52083; 179.19861TuvaluFlagCoat of armsMotto: " Tuvalu
Tuvalu mo te Atua" (Tuvaluan) " Tuvalu
Tuvalu for the Almighty"Anthem:
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.svg/250px-Flag_of_Vanuatu_(official).svg.png "Go To List2 -> Vanuatu")
Vanuatu
.svg/250px-Flag_of_Vanuatu_(official).svg.png)
Vanuatu (English: /ˌvɑːnuˈɑːtuː/ ( listen) VAH-noo-AH-too or /vænˈwɑːtuː/ van-WAH-too; Bislama, French IPA: [vanuatu]), officially the Republic of Vanuatu
Vanuatu (French: République de Vanuatu, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is a Pacific island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is 1,750 kilometres (1,090 mi) east of northern Australia, 540 kilometres (340 mi) northeast of New Caledonia, east of New Guinea, southeast of the Solomon Islands, and west of Fiji. Vanuatu
Vanuatu was first inhabited by Melanesian people. The first Europeans to visit the islands were a Spanish expedition led by Portuguese navigator Fernandes de Queirós, who arrived on the largest island in 1606
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The World Health Organization
World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations
United Nations that is concerned with international public health. It was established on 7 April 1948 headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO
WHO is a member of the United Nations
United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations. The constitution of the World Health Organization
World Health Organization had been signed by 61 countries on 7 April 1948, with the first meeting of the World Health Assembly finishing on 24 July 1948. It incorporated the Office International d'Hygiène Publique and the League of Nations
League of Nations Health Organization. Since its creation, it has played a leading role in the eradication of smallpox
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