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Salik
A sālik is a follower of Sufism, from the verb ''salaka'' which means to travel or follow, related to ''sulūk'' "pathway". ''Sulūk'' here specifically refers to a spiritual path, i.e. the combination of the two "paths" that can be followed in religion, the exoteric path or shariah, and the esoteric path or haqiqa. The "path" metaphor is derived from the Qur'an: see sura 16, (An-Nahl, The Bees), ayat 69: :''faslukī subula rabbiki dhululan'' "and follow the ways of your Lord made easy or you, which uses the imperative of the verb ''salaka'' which means to follow or to travel. A ''sālik'' is also called murid when one becomes a disciple to one particular spiritual teacher ( murshid) or a Sufi master. See also *Tariqa * Talibe * Murid In Sufism, a ''murīd'' (Arabic مُرِيد 'one who seeks') is a novice committed to spiritual enlightenment by ''sulūk'' (traversing a path) under a spiritual guide, who may take the title murshid, '' pir'' or ''shaykh''. A ''sāli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Majzoob (Sufism)
In Sufism, the Majzoob or Majzub ( ar, مَجْذُوب, plural: مَجَاذِيبٌ ''majazib, majazeeb'') is a mystical station (haal) that the Muslim saint (wali) underwent in his journey within Islamic sufism to reach the posture (maqaam) of reacher ( wassil) and perfect man (al-Insān al-Kāmil). Presentation ''Majzoobs'' are such murids whose hearts ( qulub) are soaked, immersed and illuminated with anwar and asrar even before they engage in adhkar and awrad. They do not first engage in dhikr until God illumines their hearts and guides them from the very inception. After being illumined with divine lights, they engage in recitation and invocation which is not a hard task for them because in their state it is just as breathing is. Duncan Forbes said: John Thompson Platts said: Ra Gohar Shahi said: Muḥammad Fasī al-Dīn said: Since the ''Majzoob'' is a wassil who has approached and reached the pinnacle of Sufism, the Sufis ascribe all sorts of Karamat and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wassil (Sufism)
In Sufism, a ''wassil'' ( ar, وَاصِل; 'one who reaches') is a murid or salik who accomplished and finished crossing the path of ''sulūk''. Presentation The ''wasil'' is the sufi who has reached the spiritual stage where the divine Hijab is unveiled on his qalb. When the ''Hijab'' is unveiled on the qalb of the ''salik'' and the '' tajalli'' manifests itself before him, one speaks that the sufi has reached the maqaam of ''woussoul'' ( ar, الوُصُول). Indeed, the good niyyah of the ''murid'' to follow the mystical path of ''suluk'' introduces him into the phase of ''salik'' which hangs him on a spiritual cord which connects his ''qalb'' to divine mercy. Kinds The ''wassil'' is presented in sufism according to several qualities which are: *Siddiq *Wali *Al-Insān al-Kāmil * Rabbani * Majzoob * Muqarrab * See also *Talibe *Murid In Sufism, a ''murīd'' (Arabic مُرِيد 'one who seeks') is a novice committed to spiritual enlightenment by ''sulūk'' (traver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muqarrab (Sufism)
The Muqarrab () is a major spiritual stage (maqaam) that the and (novices and followers of Sufism) reach in their ascetic quest within Islamic Sufism. Presentation Being close to God (''Allah'') is one of the main goals of worship ( ibadah) and mysticism (Sufism) in the religion of Islam. This proximity accompanied by intimacy and modesty allows the Muslim to escape the idleness of the ghaflah and thus to reach the firmament of fanaa in which personal human attributes are diluted and dissolved in order to leave room for contemplation and the ishq accompanying the baqaa state which returns the Sufi to the commonality of mortal life while maintaining his radiant qalb in the state of yaqeen. Islamic ethics and deontology of this path of spiritual rapprochement must keep the murid in the wake of the rabbaniyya which does not aim to accomplish fantastic feats as much as it aspires to live hidayah and ma'rifa in a peaceful and moderate way. Approach and attraction The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sufism
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ritualism, asceticism and esotericism. It has been variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, ''What is Sufism?'' (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the mystical expression of Islamic faith", "the inward dimension of Islam", "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam, and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice". Practitioners of Sufism are referred to as "Sufis" (from , ), and historically typically belonged to "orders" known as (pl. ) – congregations formed around a grand who would be the last in a chain of successive teachers linking back to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sufi Philosophy
Sufi philosophy includes the schools of thought unique to Sufism, the mystical tradition within Islam, also termed as ''Tasawwuf'' or ''Faqr'' according to its adherents. Sufism and its philosophical tradition may be associated with both Sunni and Shia branches of Islam. It has been suggested that Sufi thought emerged from the Middle East in the eighth century CE, but adherents are now found around the world. According to Sufi Muslims, it is a part of the Islamic teaching that deals with the purification of inner self and is the way which removes all the veils between the divine and humankind. It was around 1000 CE that early Sufi literature, in the form of manuals, treatises, discourses and poetry, became the source of Sufi thinking and meditations. Sufi philosophy, like all other major philosophical traditions, has several sub-branches, including cosmology and metaphysics, as well as several unique concepts. History The emergence of Sufi thought is commonly linked to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shariah
Sharia (; ar, شريعة, sharīʿa ) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and the Hadith. In Arabic, the term ''sharīʿah'' refers to God's immutable divine law and is contrasted with ''fiqh'', which refers to its human scholarly interpretations. In the historical course, fiqh sects have emerged that reflect the preferences of certain societies and state administrations on behalf of people who are interested in the theoretical (method) and practical application (Ahkam / fatwa) studies of laws and rules, but sharia has never been a valid legal system on its own. It has been used together with " customary (Urf) law" since Omar or the Umayyads. It may also be wrong to think that the Sharia, as a religious argument or belief, is entirely within or related to Allah's commands and prohibitions. Several non-graded crimes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haqiqa
Haqiqa (Arabic "truth") is one of "the four stages" in Sufism, '' shari’a'' (exoteric path), ''tariqa'' (esoteric path), ''haqiqa'' (mystical truth) and '' marifa'' (final mystical knowledge, ''unio mystica''). The four stages Shariat Shari’a is Islamic law or Islamic jurisprudence as revealed in the Qur'an and Sunna. The first step in Sufism is following every aspect of the law perfectly. The purpose of this is to prove their love for God, by rigorous self-discipline and constant attention to their conduct. When the Sufi fully lives his or her life according to the Shari’a he or she is ready to progress to the second stage. This conformity to earthly rules is important because it recognizes that the spirit of a man or woman is affected by the actions of the body. In this way, bringing the body under the will of God also purifies the spirit and a pure spirit is essential for the second step. Tariqat ''Tariqa'' in Arabic means ''path'' and it denotes a Sufi brotherhoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sura 16
The Bee (Arabic: الْنَّحْل; ''an-nahl'') is the 16th chapter (''sūrah'') of the Qur'an, with 128 verses ('' āyāt''). It is named after honey bees mentioned in verse 68, and contains a comparison of the industry and adaptability of honey bees with the industry of man. Regarding the timing and contextual background of the believed revelation (''asbāb al-nuzūl''), it is an earlier "Meccan surah", which means it is believed to have been revealed in Mecca, instead of later in Medina. Summary *1 God’s judgment sure to be visited on the infidels *2 Revelation is from God by the ministry of angels *3–8 God the Creator, as his works testify *9 God the true instructor of man *10–14 His works in heaven, earth, and sea described *15 The earth made firm by the mountains *16 The stars appointed to guide man *17 God not to be compared to idols *18–19 God merciful and omniscient *20–22 The character of the idols declared *23 Infidels reject the one true God *24–25 T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murid
In Sufism, a ''murīd'' (Arabic مُرِيد 'one who seeks') is a novice committed to spiritual enlightenment by ''sulūk'' (traversing a path) under a spiritual guide, who may take the title murshid, '' pir'' or ''shaykh''. A ''sālik'' or Sufi follower only becomes a ''murīd'' when he makes a pledge (''bayʿah'') to a ''murshid''. The equivalent Persian term is ''shāgird''. The initiation process of a ''murīd'' is known as ''ʿahd'' ( ar, عَهْد) or ''bai'ath''. Before initiation, a ''murid'' is instructed by his guide, who must first accept the initiate as his disciple. Throughout the instruction period, the ''murīd'' typically experiences waridates like visions and dreams during personal spiritual awrads and exercises. These visions are interpreted by the '' murshid''. A common practice among the early Sufi orders was to grant a '' khirqa'' or a robe to the ''murīd'' upon the initiation or after he had progressed through a series of increasingly difficult and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murshid
''Murshid'' ( ar, مرشد) is Arabic for "guide" or "teacher", derived from the root ''r-sh-d'', with the basic meaning of having integrity, being sensible, mature. Particularly in Sufism it refers to a spiritual guide. The term is frequently used in Sufi orders such as the Naqshbandiyya, Qādiriyya, Chishtiya, Shadhiliya and Suhrawardiyya. The path of Sufism starts when a student (Murid) takes an oath of allegiance or ''Bay'ah'' (''bai'ath'') with a spiritual guide (''murshid''). In speaking of this initiatory pact of allegiance, the Qur’ān (48:10) says: ''Verily they who pledge unto thee their allegiance pledge it unto none but God. The Hand of God is above their hands''.Cf. Martin Lings, ''What is Sufism'', Islamic Texts Society, Cambridge, p. 125. The murshid's role is to spiritually guide and verbally instruct the disciple on the Sufi path, but "only one who has himself reached the End of the path is a spiritual guide in the full sense of the Arabic term ''murshid'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tariqa
A tariqa (or ''tariqah''; ar, طريقة ') is a school or order of Sufism, or specifically a concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking ''haqiqa'', which translates as "ultimate truth". A tariqa has a '' murshid'' (guide) who plays the role of leader or spiritual director. The members or followers of a tariqa are known as ''muridin'' (singular ''murid''), meaning "desirous", viz. "desiring the knowledge of God and loving God" (also called a '' fakir''). Tariqa is also believed to be the same as Tzadik of Judaism meaning the "rightly guided one". The metaphor of "way, path" is to be understood in connection of the term ''sharia'' which also has the meaning of "path", more specifically "well-trodden path; path to the waterhole". The "path" metaphor of ''tariqa'' is that of a further path, taken by the mystic, which continues from the "well-trodden path" or exoteric of ''sharia'' towards the esoteric ''haqiqa''. A fourth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talibe
A talibé (also spelled ''talibe'', plural ''talibés''; ar, طالب, ṭālib, seeker, 'student'; pl. ) is a boy, usually from Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Chad, Mali or Mauritania, who studies the Quran at a daara (West African equivalent of madrasa). This education is guided by a teacher known as a marabout. In most cases talibés leave their parents to stay in the daara. Within Senegal, the term ''talibé'' can be used in a wider context, “for instance to denote a militant adherent of a political party.” Overview The talibé's relationship with his marabout is one of “devotion and strict obedience.” The marabout provides “guidance, protection, and intercession” for the talibé. A talibé's allegiance to his marabout is expressed through economic support or tithes. The views on talibés in Senegalese society are diverse. Some individuals, ethnic groups and religious denominations promote the raising of talibés while others reject the practi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
