Napoleonic WarsWar of the Third Coalition Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808) War of the Fourth Coalition Anglo-Turkish War (1807–09) Peninsular War War of the Fifth Coalition War of the Sixth Coalition War of the Seventh CoalitionWar of 1812Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
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Duke of York and Albany KG GMB GCH (Frederick Augustus; 16 August 1763 – 5 January 1827) was the second son and child of George III, King of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom and Hanover, and his consort Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. A soldier by profession, from 1764 to 1803 he was Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück
Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück in the Holy Roman Empire
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The Archbishop of Canterbury
Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. The current archbishop is Justin Welby, who was enthroned at Canterbury Cathedral on 21 March 2013. Welby is the 105th in a line which goes back more than 1400 years to Augustine of Canterbury, the "Apostle to the English", sent from Rome
Rome in the year 597. Welby succeeded Rowan Williams.[1] From the time of Augustine until the 16th century, the Archbishops of Canterbury
Canterbury were in full communion with the See of Rome
Rome and usually received the pallium from the Pope. During the English Reformation, the Church of England
Church of England broke away from the authority of the Catholic Church
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Fourth Coalition: Prussia Russian Empire United Kingdom Saxony (until 11 December 1806) Sweden Sicily French Empire Spanish Empire Confederation of the Rhine Bavaria Württemberg Saxony (after 11 December 1806) Italy Naples Etruria Holland Switzerland Polish Legions and rebelsCommanders and leaders Frederick William III Queen Louise Charles William † Fredrick Louis Prince Ferdinand † Eugene Fredrick Ernst von Rüchel Von Blücher Count Tauentzien Ludwig Kalckreuth Anton Wilhelm Alexander I Bennigsen Dmitry Golitsyn Mikhail Kutuzov Pyotr Bagration Gustav IV Adolf Hans von Essen Lord Grenville Duke of Portland Napoleon
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French victory Treaty of PressburgConsolidation of the French Empire Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Formation of the Fourth Coalition a few months laterBelligerentsThird Coalition: Holy Roman Empire Russian Empire United Kingdom Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily Sweden French Empire French allies: Spain Electorate of Bavaria Napoleonic Italy Batavian Republic Württemberg EtruriaCommanders and leaders Francis II Karl Mack
Karl Mack von Leiberich Archduke Charles Alexander I Mikhail K
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The Anglo-Turkish War was a conflict took place during the Napoleonic Wars between 1807 and 1809. In the summer of 1806, during the War of the Third Coalition
War of the Third Coalition (of Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden), Napoleon's ambassador General Count Sebastiani managed to convince the Porte to cancel all special privileges granted to Russia in 1805 and to open the Turkish straits (Dardanelles) exclusively to French warships. In return, Napoleon promised to help the Sultan suppress a rebellion in Serbia
Serbia and to recover lost Ottoman territories
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Sir Thomas Lawrence
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Thomas Lawrence PRA FRS (13 April 1769 – 7 January 1830) was a leading English portrait painter and the fourth president of the Royal Academy. Lawrence was a child prodigy. He was born in Bristol
Bristol and began drawing in Devizes, where his father was an innkeeper. At the age of ten, having moved to Bath, he was supporting his family with his pastel portraits. At eighteen he went to London and soon established his reputation as a portrait painter in oils, receiving his first royal commission, a portrait of Queen Charlotte, in 1790. He stayed at the top of his profession until his death, aged 60, in 1830. Self-taught, he was a brilliant draughtsman and known for his gift of capturing a likeness, as well as his virtuoso handling of paint. He became an associate of the Royal Academy
Royal Academy in 1791, a full member in 1794, and president in 1820
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French Empire Bonapartist Spain Confederation of the Rhine Napoleonic Italy Duchy of WarsawCommanders and leaders Arthur Wellesley William Beresford Rowland Hill John Moore † Francisco Castaños Juan Martín Díez José Palafox Gregorio de la Cuesta Miguel Álava Esquivel Joaquín Blake Bernardino Freire † Francisco da Silveira Napoleon
Napoleon I Joseph I Joachim Murat Jean-Andoche Junot
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French victory, Treaty of SchönbrunnHostilities in the Peninsular War
Peninsular War maintained General hostilities across Europe suspended until 1812 with the French Invasion of RussiaTerritorial changesVarious changesFrench Empire annexes the Illyrian Provinces Bavaria
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Coalition victory, Treaty of Fontainebleau, First Treaty of ParisBourbon Restoration; Napoleon's exile to Elba Various territorial changes Beginning of the Congress of Vienna Hostilities resume with the return of Napoleon
Napoleon to power in 1815BelligerentsOriginal coalition Kingdom of Prussia Russian Empire Austrian Empire United Kingdom Kingdom of Sweden Kingdom of Portugal Spanish Empire Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of SardiniaAfter Battle of Leipzig Bavaria Württemberg Baden United Netherlands French Empire
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Coalition victory, Second Treaty of ParisEnd of Napoleonic Wars Second exile of Napoleon
Napoleon and second Bourbon Restoration Beginning of the Concert of EuropeBelligerents United Kingdom Prussia Austrian Empire Russian Empire Kingdom of Hanover Nassau Duchy of Brunswick Sweden United Kingdom of the Netherlands Spain Portugal Sardinia Kingdom of Sicily Tuscany Switzerland French Kingdom France NaplesCommanders and leaders
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Treaty of GhentMilitary stalemate; both sides' invasion attempts repulsed Status quo ante bellum Defeat of Tecumseh's ConfederacyBelligerents United StatesChoctaw Cherokee Creeks British Empire United Kingdom The Canadas Tecumseh's Confederacy[1] Shawnee Creek Red Sticks Ojibwe Fox Iroquois Miami Mingo Ottawa Kickapoo Delaware (Lenape) Mascouten Potawatomi Sauk Wyandot Bourbon Spain Florida (1814)Commanders and leaders James Madison Henry Dearborn Jacob Brown Winfield Scott Andrew Jackson William Henry Harrison William H. Winder (POW) William Hull (POW) Zebulon Pike † Oliver Hazard Perry Isaac Chauncey George, Prince Regent Lord Liverpool Sir George Prévost Sir Isaac Brock † Gordon Drummond Charles de Salaberry Roger Hale Sheaffe Robert Ross † Edward Pakenham † James FitzGibbon Alexander Cochrane James Lucas Yeo Tecumseh †StrengthU.S
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The Order of the Garter
Order of the Garter (formally the Most Noble Order of the Garter) is an order of chivalry founded by Edward III
Edward III in 1348 and regarded as the most prestigious British order of chivalry (though in precedence inferior to the military Victoria Cross
Victoria Cross and George Cross) in England and the United Kingdom. It is dedicated to the image and arms of Saint George, England's patron saint. Appointments are made at the Sovereign's sole discretion. Membership of the Order is limited to the Sovereign, the Prince of Wales, and no more than 24 living members, or Companions. The order also includes supernumerary knights and ladies (e.g., members of the British Royal Family and foreign monarchs)
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The Royal Guelphic Order
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Royal Guelphic Order (German: Guelphen-Orden), sometimes also referred to as the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, is a Hanoverian order of chivalry instituted on 28 April 1815 by the Prince Regent (later King George IV).[1] Named for the House of Guelph, of whom of the Hanoverians were a branch. After the defeat and forced dissolution of the Kingdom of Hanover
Kingdom of Hanover by the Kingdom of Prussia, the order continued as a house order to be awarded by the Royal House of Hanover
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The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom, its dependencies and its overseas territories. The current monarch and head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, ascended the throne on the death of her father, King George VI, on 6 February 1952. The monarch and his or her immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial, diplomatic and representational duties. As the monarchy is constitutional, the monarch is limited to non-partisan functions such as bestowing honours and appointing the Prime Minister. The monarch is commander-in-chief of the British Armed Forces
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The Life Guards (LG) is the senior regiment of the British Army
British Army and part of the Household Cavalry, along with the Blues and Royals.Contents1 History1.1 Previous names2 Uniform 3 Battle honours 4 Colonels-in-Chief 5 Regimental Colonels 6 Order of precedence 7 Gallery 8 Notes 9 References9.1 Bibliography10 External linksHistory[edit] The Life Guards grew from the four troops of Horse Guards (exclusively formed of gentlemen-troopers until the transformation of the last two remaining troops into Regiments of Life Guards in 1788)[1][2] raised by Charles II around the time of his restoration, plus two troops of Horse Grenadier Guards
Horse Grenadier Guards (rank and file composed of commoners),[3] which were raised some years later.[4]The first troop was originally raised in Bruges
Bruges in 1658 as His Majesty's Own Troop
Troop of Horse Guards
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The King of Hanover
King of Hanover (German: König von Hannover) was the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of the Kingdom of Hanover, beginning with the proclamation of the King of the United Kingdom George III, as "King of Hanover" during the Congress of Vienna, on 12 October 1814 at Vienna, and ending with the kingdom's annexation by Prussia on 20 September 1866.Contents1 History 2 List of Electors of Hanover 3 List of Kings of Hanover 4 List of Pretenders of Hanover 5 Standard and coat of arms 6 See also 7 NotesHistory[edit] In 1813, George III of the United Kingdom
George III of the United Kingdom was restored to his Hanoverian territories, and in October 1814 they were constituted as the independent Kingdom of Hanover
Kingdom of Hanover at the Congress of Vienna
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