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Norman Washington Manley
Norman Washington Manley (4 July 1893 – 2 September 1969) was a Jamaican statesman who served as the first and only Premier of Jamaica. A Rhodes Scholar, Manley became one of Jamaica's leading lawyers in the 1920s. Manley was an advocate of universal suffrage, which was granted by the British colonial government to the colony in 1944. Encouraged by Osmond Theodore Fairclough, who had joined forces with the brothers Frank and Ken Hill, Hedley P. Jacobs and others in 1938, he helped to launch the People's National Party which later was affiliated to the Trade Union Congress and even later the National Workers Union. He led the PNP in every election from 1944 to 1967.http://nlj.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/bn_manley_nw_1.pdf Their efforts resulted in the New Constitution of 1944, granting full adult suffrage. Manley served as the colony's Chief Minister from 1955 to 1959, and as Premier from 1959 to 1962. He was a proponent of self-government but was persuaded to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Right Excellent
The honorific prefix "The Right Excellent" is a form of address that is used in several Commonwealth Caribbean countries. Overview In the Bahamas, members of the Order of National Hero are accorded the style "The Right Excellent". Examples are Sir Lynden Oscar Pindling and Sir Roland Theodore Symonette, who were granted the Order posthumously in 2018. In Barbados, members of the Order of National Heroes are conferred the title of "The Right Excellent". An example is pop singer Rihanna, who is a Barbadian native. In Grenada, a person upon whom the Prestige Order of National Hero has been confirmed shall be referred to as “Right Excellent”. In Jamaica, members of the Order of the National Hero are entitled to use the style of "The Right Excellent"."National Awards of Jamaica" Jamaica Information Service, accessed May 12, 201 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Manley
Michael Norman Manley (10 December 1924 – 6 March 1997) was a Jamaican politician who served as the fourth Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1972 to 1980 and from 1989 to 1992. Manley championed a democratic socialist program, and has been described as a populist. According to opinion polls, he remains one of Jamaica's most popular prime ministers. Early life Michael Manley was the second son of premier Norman Washington Manley and artist Edna Manley. He studied at Jamaica College between 1935 and 1943. He attended the Antigua State College and then served in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II. In 1945, he enrolled at the London School of Economics. At the LSE, he was influenced by Fabian socialism and the writings of Harold Laski. He graduated in 1949, and returned to Jamaica to serve as an editor and columnist for the newspaper ''Public Opinion''. At about the same time, he became involved in the trade union movement, becoming a negotiator for the Natio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1961 Jamaican Federation Of The West Indies Membership Referendum
A referendum on continued membership of the Federation of the West Indies was held in Jamaica on 19 September 1961. Nohlen, D (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p430 Voters were asked "Should Jamaica remain in the Federation of the West Indies?" The result was 54.1% voting "no", resulting in the country leaving the federation and its dissolution in 1962. Voter turnout was 61.5%.Nohlen, p432 Results Sources *West Indies Federal Archives Centre: File FWI-PM-GA-37: Holding of Referendum in Jamaica. *West Indies Federal Archives Centre The West Indies Federal Archives Centre is the official depository of records from the defunct West Indies Federation. The centre was opened in 2004, and is part of the University of the West Indies at Cave Hill in Barbados. Prior to the centre's o ...: File FWI-PM-GA-27: Situation Arising from Jamaica Referendum: Report by Professor Lewis - 9 Nov 1961 - 14 Jan 1962. References {{Jamaican elections 1961 in Jamaic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federation Of The West Indies
A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government (federalism). In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision, neither by the component states nor the federal political body. Alternatively, a federation is a form of government in which sovereign power is formally divided between a central authority and a number of constituent regions so that each region retains some degree of control over its internal affairs. It is often argued that federal states where the central government has overriding powers are not truly federal states. For example, such overriding powers may include: the constitutional authority to suspend a constituent state's government by in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Workers Union (Jamaica)
The National Workers Union (NWU) is a general trade union in Jamaica. The National Workers Union was founded on 2 April 1952 emerging as a result of a split within the Trade Union Congress and factional alignments within the People's National Party (PNP). The NWU became the main trade union of the PNP. The NWU was a founding member of the Jamaica Confederation of Trade Unions The Jamaica Confederation of Trade Unions (JCTU) is a national trade union center in Jamaica. It is affiliated to the International Trade Union Confederation. Origins The JCTU emerged from the ''Joint Trade Unions Research Development Centre'' ( .... References External links History of National Workers Union Trade unions in Jamaica Trade unions established in 1952 {{Caribbean-trade-union-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Union Congress (Jamaica)
The Trade Union Congress is a general trade union in Jamaica. Initially organised as a trade union council to be the labour wing of the People's National Party (PNP) in 1943, the organisation split in 1952 with the formation of the National Workers Union (which maintained alignment with the PNP). The TUC was a founding member of the Jamaica Confederation of Trade Unions. Origins The Trade Union Congress came into existence as a result of shifts in politics in Jamaica in the 1940s and early 1950s. In 1943 differences between the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union (BITU) and People's National Party (PNP) led to the formation of the ''Trade Union Council'' which grouped 16 small unions together in alignment to the PNP, in contrast to BITU which was responsible for the foundation of the Jamaica Labour Party The Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) is one of the two major political parties in Jamaica, the other being the People's National Party (PNP). While its name might suggest that it is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hedley P
Hedley may refer to: * Hedley, British Columbia, Canada, an unincorporated town * Hedley, Texas, United States, a city * Hedley railway station, South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia * Hedley (band), a Canadian pop-rock band formed in 2003 and named after the BC town ** ''Hedley'' (album), their self-titled debut album * Hedley (surname), a list of people and fictional characters * Hedley (given name), a list of people and fictional characters See also * Hedley on the Hill, Northumberland * Hedley Hill, county Durham *Hadleigh (other) *Hadley (other) Hadley may refer to: Places Canada * Hadley Bay, on the north of Victoria Island, Nunavut England * Hadley, London, a former civil parish within Barnet Urban District from 1894 to 1965 * Hadley, Shropshire, part of the new town of Telford ... * Headley (other) {{Disambig, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osmond Theodore Fairclough
The People's National Party (PNP) is a social-democratic political party in Jamaica, founded in 1938 by independence campaigner Osmond Theodore Fairclough. It holds 14 of the 63 seats in the House of Representatives, as 96 of the 227 local government divisions. The party is democratic socialist by constitution. The PNP uses the hatted head, the rising sun, the fist, the trumpet and the colours orange, red and yellow as electoral symbols. The party is a member of COPPPAL and a Socialist International observer. From 1957 to 1962, the party was a member of the West Indies Federal Labour Party in the Federal Parliament of the West Indies Federation. Colonial Jamaica The PNP was founded in 1938 by Norman Washington Manley, and is the second oldest political party in Jamaica (the People's Political Party was formed earlier, on 9 September 1929, by Marcus Garvey). It is now one of the country's main two political parties, and is considered more to the left than its main rival ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Universal Suffrage
Universal suffrage (also called universal franchise, general suffrage, and common suffrage of the common man) gives the right to vote to all adult citizens, regardless of wealth, income, gender, social status, race, ethnicity, or political stance, subject only to certain exceptions as in the case of children, felons, and for a time, women.Suffrage ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. In its original 19th-century usage by reformers in Britain, ''universal suffrage'' was understood to mean only universal manhood suffrage; the vote was extended to women later, during the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TheGuardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. Since 2018, the paper's main news ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodes Scholarship
The Rhodes Scholarship is an international postgraduate award for students to study at the University of Oxford, in the United Kingdom. Established in 1902, it is the oldest graduate scholarship in the world. It is considered among the world's most prestigious international scholarship programs. Its founder, Cecil John Rhodes, wanted to promote unity among English-speaking nations and instill a sense of civic-minded leadership and moral fortitude in future leaders, irrespective of their chosen career paths. Initially restricted to male applicants from countries that are today within the Commonwealth, Germany and the United States, the scholarship is now open to applicants from all backgrounds and genders around the world. Since its creation, controversy has surrounded its initial exclusion of women, its historical failure to select black Africans, and Cecil Rhodes's own standing as a British imperialist. Rhodes Scholars have achieved distinction as politicians, academics, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King's Counsel
In the United Kingdom and in some Commonwealth countries, a King's Counsel (post-nominal initials KC) during the reign of a king, or Queen's Counsel (post-nominal initials QC) during the reign of a queen, is a lawyer (usually a barrister or advocate) who is typically a senior trial lawyer. Technically appointed by the monarch of the country to be one of 'His erMajesty's Counsel learned in the law', the position originated in England and Wales. Some Commonwealth countries have either abolished the position, or renamed it so as to remove monarchical connotations, for example, ' Senior counsel' or 'Senior Advocate'. Appointment as King's Counsel is an office, conferred by the Crown, that is recognised by courts. Members have the privilege of sitting within the inner bar of court. As members wear silk gowns of a particular design (see court dress), appointment as King's Counsel is known informally as ''receiving, obtaining,'' or ''taking silk'' and KCs are often colloquially ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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