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Limoges Porcelain
Limoges porcelain is hard-paste porcelain produced by factories in and around the city of Limoges, France beginning in the late 18th century, but does not refer to a particular manufacturer. By about 1830, Limoges, which was close to the areas where suitable clay was found, had replaced Paris as the main centre for private porcelain factories, although the state-owned Sèvres porcelain near Paris remained dominant at the very top of the market. Limoges has maintained this position to the present day. History Limoges had strong antecedents in the production of decorative objects. The city was the most famous European centre of vitreous enamel production in the 12th century, and Limoges enamel was known as ''Opus de Limogia'' or ''Labor Limogiae''. Limoges had also been the site of a minor industry producing plain faience earthenware since the 1730s. The manufacturing of hard-paste porcelain at Limoges was established by Turgot in 1771 following the discovery of local supplies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hard-paste Porcelain
Hard-paste porcelain, sometimes "true porcelain", is a ceramic material that was originally made from a compound of the feldspathic rock petuntse and kaolin fired at very high temperature, usually around 1400 °C. It was first made in China around the 7th or 8th century, and has remained the most common type of Chinese porcelain. Fleming, John & Hugh Honour. (1977) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Decorative Arts. '' London: Allen Lane, p. 622. From the Middle Ages onwards it was very widely exported and admired by other cultures, and fetched huge prices on foreign markets. Eventually Korean porcelain developed in the 14th century and Japanese porcelain in the 17th, but other cultures were unable to learn or reproduce the secret of its formula in terms of materials and firing temperature until it was worked out in Europe in the early 18th century, and suitable mineral deposits of kaolin, feldspar and quartz discovered. This soon led to a large production in factories across ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Porcelain
Chinese ceramics show a continuous development since pre-dynastic times and are one of the most significant forms of Chinese art and ceramics globally. The first pottery was made during the Palaeolithic era. Chinese ceramics range from construction materials such as bricks and tiles, to hand-built pottery vessels fired in bonfires or kilns, to the sophisticated Chinese porcelain wares made for the imperial court and for export. Porcelain was a Chinese invention and is so identified with China that it is still called "china" in everyday English usage. Most later Chinese ceramics, even of the finest quality, were made on an industrial scale, thus few names of individual potters were recorded. Many of the most important kiln workshops were owned by or reserved for the emperor, and large quantities of Chinese export porcelain were exported as diplomatic gifts or for trade from an early date, initially to East Asia and the Islamic world, and then from around the 16th century to E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porcelain Manufacturing Companies In Europe
Porcelain manufacturing companies are firms which manufacture porcelain. European porcelain manufacturers before the 18th century The table below lists European manufacturers of porcelain established before the 18th century. This table may be sorted according to the year of foundation, description and country. 18th-century European porcelain manufacturing companies The table below lists European manufacturers of porcelain established in the 18th century. This table may be sorted according to the year of foundation, description and country. }; defunct as of 2011 , --- , , 1793, , Mintons, , Stoke-on-Trent, , England, , United Kingdom , --- , , 1794, , Thun 1794, , Klášterec nad Ohří, , Czech Republic, , Chomutov District , --- , , 1794, , Königlich privilegierte Porzellanfabrik , , Tettau, , Germany, , Bavaria , --- 19th-century European porcelain manufacturing companies The table below lists European manufacturers of porcelain established in the 19th century. This tab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TheGuardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. Since 2018, the paper's main news ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Limoges
Royal Limoges is a Limoges porcelain Limoges porcelain is hard-paste porcelain produced by factories in and around the city of Limoges, France beginning in the late 18th century, but does not refer to a particular manufacturer. By about 1830, Limoges, which was close to the areas wh ... manufacturer. Created in 1797, it is the oldest Limoges porcelain factory still in operation. The nearby is classified as a historic monument. Today, it continues to make its own clay. Its decorations are imagined by style cabinets or by the decorators of its own clients and are all exclusive. It was successively known under the names of Porcelaines Alluaud, CFH (Charles Field Haviland), GDM (Gérard Dufraisseix and Morel), GDA (Gérard Dufraisseix and Abbott), SLPG (Société Limousine de Gestion Porcelainière) and Royal Limoges. The company also benefits from the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI). References {{reflist Porcelain of France 1797 establishments in France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haviland & Co
Haviland can refer to: People * Aslaug Haviland (1913–2003), deaf and blind Norwegian woman and motivational speaker * Chris Haviland (born 1952), Australian politician * David B. Haviland (born 1961), Swedish-American physicist * Edna Haviland (1896-1981), Canadian chemist * Frank Burty Haviland (1886–1971), French Cubist painter * George Darby Haviland (1857-1901), British surgeon and naturalist * James W. Haviland (1911-2007), American doctor and specialist in Internal Medicine * John Haviland, professor of Linguistics and Anthropology * John Haviland (physician) (1785–1851), professor of medicine at Cambridge * John Kenneth Haviland, American pilot who flew for the Royal Air Force during the Battle of Britain * Laura Smith Haviland (1808–1898), American abolitionist, suffragette and social reformer * Mike Haviland (born 1967), American ice hockey coach * Paul Haviland (1880–1950), French-American photographer, writer and arts critic * Stanley Haviland (1899–1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, while phrases like ''liberté, égalité, fraternité'' reappeared in other revolts, such as the 1917 Russian Revolution, and inspired campaigns for the abolitionism, abolition of slavery and universal suffrage. The values and institutions it created dominate French politics to this day. Its Causes of the French Revolution, causes are generally agreed to be a combination of social, political and economic factors, which the ''Ancien Régime'' proved unable to manage. In May 1789, widespread social distress led to the convocation of the Estates General of 1789, Estates General, which was converted into a National Assembly (French Revolution), National Assembly in June. Contin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sèvres Porcelain
Sèvres (, ) is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department, Île-de-France region. The commune, which had a population of 23,251 as of 2018, is known for its famous porcelain production at the '' Manufacture nationale de Sèvres'', which was also where the Treaty of Sèvres (1920) was signed. Geography Situation Sèvres is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, to the southwest of the centre of Paris, with an eastern edge by the river Seine. The commune borders Île Seguin, an island in the Seine, in the commune of Boulogne-Billancourt, adjoining Sèvres. File:Map commune FR insee code 92072.png, Map of the commune File:Sèvres map.svg, View of the commune of Sèvres in red on the map of Paris and the "Petite Couronne" File:SEVRES - L'Embarcadaire.jpg, Banks of the Seine in the early 20th century. At that time, the river was an important transportation axis; river shuttles can b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis XVI Of France
Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was executed by guillotine. He was the son of Louis, Dauphin of France, son and heir-apparent of King Louis XV, and Maria Josepha of Saxony. When his father died in 1765, he became the new Dauphin. Upon his grandfather's death on 10 May 1774, he became King of France and Navarre, reigning as such until 4 September 1791, when he received the title of King of the French, continuing to reign as such until the monarchy was abolished on 21 September 1792. The first part of his reign was marked by attempts to reform the French government in accordance with Enlightenment ideas. These included efforts to abolish serfdom, remove the '' taille'' (land tax) and the ''corvée'' (labour tax), and increase tolerance toward non-Catholics as well as abo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles X Of France
Charles X (born Charles Philippe, Count of Artois; 9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836) was King of France from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. An uncle of the uncrowned Louis XVII and younger brother to reigning kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII, he supported the latter in exile. After the Bourbon Restoration in 1814, Charles (as heir-presumptive) became the leader of the ultra-royalists, a radical monarchist faction within the French court that affirmed rule by divine right and opposed the concessions towards liberals and guarantees of civil liberties granted by the Charter of 1814. Charles gained influence within the French court after the assassination of his son Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, in 1820 and succeeded his brother Louis XVIII in 1824.Munro Price, ''The Perilous Crown: France between Revolutions'', Macmillan, pp. 185–187. His reign of almost six years proved to be deeply unpopular amongst the liberals in France from the moment of his coronation in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche
Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche (; oc, link=no, Sent Iriès, ) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department, region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. It is significant as the first place where kaolin was found in France, a discovery of great importance to French porcelain manufacturers. Its name refers to Saint Yrieix (Aredius). Inhabitants are known as ''Arédiens''. Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche station Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche is a railway station in Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The station is located on the Nexon - Brive railway line. The station is served by TER Ter or TER may refer to: Places * River Ter, in Essex, Eng ... has rail connections to Brive-la-Gaillarde and Limoges. Population See also * Communes of the Haute-Vienne department References Communes of Haute-Vienne {{HauteVienne-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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