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Khasra
A Khasra Girdawari ( Hindustani: ख़सरा or خسره گرداوری) is a legal Revenue Department document used in India and Pakistan that specifies land and crop details. It is often used in conjunction with a '' shajra'' (or ''shajra kishtwar''), which is a family tree of owner ;used for reference map of the village that administers the land described by the ''khasra girdawari''. ''Khasras'' traditionally detail "''all the fields and their areas, measurement, who owns and what cultivators he employs, what crops, what sort of soil, what trees are on the land''.". In Indian Land record system, "Khatauni" is an account book, "Khasra girdawari" is a survey book and "Sajra" is the village map. At village level, patwari is appointed to update and maintain these land records. History Systematic ''khasra'' documentation in the Indian subcontinent has existed for several centuries, far predating the British colonial period. Medieval ''khasra'' documents are a useful source for h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Measurement Of Land In Punjab
The following are the basic measurements of land used in the Punjab region, divided between Indian and Pakistani Punjab and many parts of North India and Pakistan in ascending order. Current standard measurement of farm land All Units 1 karam X 1 karam = 1 sq. karam 5.5 feet X 5.5 feet = 30.25 sq. feet 30.25 square feet = 1 Sarsai 9 Sarsai (Sq. Karam) = 1 Marla 36 Sarsai (Sq. Karam) = 1 Biswa 20 Marlas = 1 Kanal 20 Biswas = 1 Bigha 4 Kanals = 1 Bigha 8 Kanals = 1 Killa(Acre) 2 Bighas = 1 Killa(Acre) 2.5 Killas(Acres) = 1 Hectare 25 Killas(Acres) = 1 Murabba This the current standard system of measurement of farm land. Muraba-Killa-Bigha system * one 'karam' is 5.5 ft * one 'Sq. Karam' is 'One Sarsai' = (5.5 x 5.5) = 30.25 Sq. Feet * one 'marla' is 9 (Sarsai) square karams = 9 x (5.5x5.5) = 272.25 Sq ft =30.25 Sq yard. * one 'kanaal' is 20 marlas (5,445 sq ft) = 605 Sq.yard (Gajz) * one 'bigha' is 20 biswa (21,780 sq ft) * one 'bigha' = 20 nisa * one 'bigha' = 4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shajra
A shujra or shujrah is a detailed village map that is used for legal (land ownership) and administrative purposes in India and Pakistan. A ''shujra'' maps out the village lands into land parcels and gives each parcel a unique number. The ''patwari'' (or village accountant) maintains a record for each one of these parcels in documents called ''khasras''. Aks-Shajrah is the copy of the map. Shajra also rendered as Shajra Nasab, shajarat, (Arabic/Urdu: شجرہ, Hindi: वंशावली), (synonyms: Ancestry, Pedigree, Genealogy, Lineage, Family Tree, Shajra, Family Chart) which means Tree of Ancestry. The term "Shajra" comes from the Arabic word شَجَر (Shajar), meaning "a tree" or "a plant." A conventional tree structure is similar to a genealogy/pedigree chart representing family relationships. A Shajra records the ancestors from whom you directly descend and presents family information in the form of an easily readable chart. Shajra is often presented with the oldest g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Village Accountant
A Village accountant or Patwari (Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, West Bengal), Talati (Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra) or Lekhpal (Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand), is an administrative government position in rural areas of the Indian subcontinent. Introduced during the early 16th century, it was maintained by the British Raj. The official, as a representative of the state, is responsible for keeping land records, agricultural records and collecting taxes. History The ''patwar'' system, introduced to the Indian subcontinent during the rule of Sher Shah Suri, was further enhanced by the Mughal emperor Akbar. The East India Company and subsequently British crown continued with the system with some administrative changes. It denotes the office of the ''talati'' in rural Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka. The office and its holder are known as Talatis, and holders of the office have adopted it as their family name. The ''talati'' replaced the ''kulkarni'' in Gujarat and Maharashtra. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shajra
A shujra or shujrah is a detailed village map that is used for legal (land ownership) and administrative purposes in India and Pakistan. A ''shujra'' maps out the village lands into land parcels and gives each parcel a unique number. The ''patwari'' (or village accountant) maintains a record for each one of these parcels in documents called ''khasras''. Aks-Shajrah is the copy of the map. Shajra also rendered as Shajra Nasab, shajarat, (Arabic/Urdu: شجرہ, Hindi: वंशावली), (synonyms: Ancestry, Pedigree, Genealogy, Lineage, Family Tree, Shajra, Family Chart) which means Tree of Ancestry. The term "Shajra" comes from the Arabic word شَجَر (Shajar), meaning "a tree" or "a plant." A conventional tree structure is similar to a genealogy/pedigree chart representing family relationships. A Shajra records the ancestors from whom you directly descend and presents family information in the form of an easily readable chart. Shajra is often presented with the oldest g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patwari
A Village accountant or Patwari (Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, West Bengal), Talati (Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra) or Lekhpal (Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand), is an administrative government position in rural areas of the Indian subcontinent. Introduced during the early 16th century, it was maintained by the British Raj. The official, as a representative of the state, is responsible for keeping land records, agricultural records and collecting taxes. History The ''patwar'' system, introduced to the Indian subcontinent during the rule of Sher Shah Suri, was further enhanced by the Mughal emperor Akbar. The East India Company and subsequently British crown continued with the system with some administrative changes. It denotes the office of the ''talati'' in rural Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka. The office and its holder are known as Talatis, and holders of the office have adopted it as their family name. The ''talati'' replaced the ''kulkarni'' in Gujarat and Maharashtra. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hindustani Language
Hindustani (; Devanagari: , * * * * ; Perso-Arabic: , , ) is the '' lingua franca'' of Northern and Central India and Pakistan. Hindustani is a pluricentric language with two standard registers, known as Hindi and Urdu. Thus, the language is sometimes called Hindi–Urdu. Despite these standard registers, colloquial speech in Hindustani often exists on a spectrum between these standards. Ancestors of the language were known as ''Hindui'', ''Hindavi'', ''Zabān-e Hind'' (), ''Zabān-e Hindustan'' (), ''Hindustan ki boli'' (), Rekhta, and Hindi. Its regional dialects became known as ''Zabān-e Dakhani'' in southern India, ''Zabān-e Gujari'' () in Gujarat, and as ''Zabān-e Dehlavi'' or Urdu around Delhi. It is an Indo-Aryan language, deriving its base primarily from the Western Hindi dialect of Delhi, also known as Khariboli. Hindustani is a pluricentric language, best characterised as a continuum between two standardised registers: Modern Standard Hindi and Mode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of Pakistan
The law of Pakistan is the law and legal system existing in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistani law is based upon the legal system of British India; thus ultimately on the common law of England and Wales. History Following the establishment of the Dominion of Pakistan in 1947, the laws of the erstwhile British Raj remained in force. At no point in Pakistan's legal history was there an intention to begin the statute book afresh. The founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah had a vision regarding the law of Pakistan, to implement a system in accordance to Islamic teachings, but it was never fulfilled. This vision, however, did have a lasting effect on later Pakistani lawmakers. During the reign of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, elements of Islamic Sharia law were incorporated into Pakistani law, leading to the institution of a Federal Shariat Court (FSC). In some Federally and Provincially Administered Tribal Areas FATA) and (PATA) a system of law employing traditional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of India
The legal system of India consists of civil, common law and customary, Islamic ethics, or religious law within the legal framework inherited from the colonial era and various legislation first introduced by the British are still in effect in modified forms today. Since the drafting of the Indian Constitution, Indian laws also adhere to the United Nations guidelines on human rights law and the environmental law. Indian personal law is fairly complex, with each religion adhering to its own specific laws. In most states, registering of marriages and divorces is not compulsory. Separate laws govern Hindus including Sikhs, Jains and Buddhist, Muslims, Christians, and followers of other religions. The exception to this rule is in the state of Goa, where a uniform civil code is in place, in which all religions have a common law regarding marriages, divorces, and adoption. In the first major reformist judgment for the last decade, the Supreme Court of India banned the Islamic practi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaildar
Zaildar was the title of the grand jagirdars (landlords) of the area, who were in charge of a Zail which was an administrative unit of group of villages during the British Indian Empire. The Settlement Officer, with the advice of the Deputy Commissioner, was responsible for appointing Zaildars from amongst the men of the tribe or the area, thus reinforcing his preexisting social authority with the official sanction as the representative of the government.1930Punjab Settlement Manual Punjab Government publications, point 235 and 578-282 on page 115, 272-273.Tan Tai Yong, 2005"The Garrison State: The military, government and society in Colonial Punjab, 1849 - 1947." SAGE Publications, page 118-119, . Each Zail was an administrative unit, extending between 40 to 100 villages.The Indian Making of mewat, Ismail khan, Permanent Black Each village was headed by the Lambardar who was assisted by the Safedposh Zamindars (influential landlords or white collar gentry) of the village. Za ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bigha
The bigha (also formerly beegah) is a traditional unit of measurement of area of a land, commonly used in India (including Uttarakhand, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam, Gujarat and Rajasthan but not in southern states of India), Bangladesh and Nepal. There is no "standard" size of bigha. The size of a ''bigha'' varies considerably from place to place. The size of Bigha is different in different areas.Haryana jamabandi Units of measurements , HALRIS. Sources have given measurements ranging from , but in several smaller pockets, it can be as high as . Its sub-unit is Biswa (or Bisa) or Katha (or Katta) in many regions. Again there is no "standard" size of biswa or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doab
''Doab'' () is a term used in South Asia Quote: "Originally and chiefly in South Asia: (the name of) a strip or narrow tract of land between two rivers; spec. (with) the area between the rivers Ganges and Jumna in northern India." for the tract Quote: "confluence, land between two rivers, used in India of the tongue of land between the Ganges and Jumna, and of similar tracts in the Punjab, etc., lit. ‘two waters’ " of land lying between two confluent rivers. It is similar to an interfluve. Quote: " a tract of land between two rivers : interfluve" In the ''Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary'', R. S. McGregor defines it as from Persian ''do-āb'' (, literally "two odiesof water") "a region lying between and reaching to the confluence of two rivers. The Doab ''The Doab'' designates the flat alluvial tract between the Ganges and Yamuna rivers extending from the Sivalik Hills to the two rivers' confluence at Prayagraj. It is also called as ''Ganges-Yamuna Doab'' or ''Gang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
