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Jōkyū
, also called Shōkyū, was a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) after '' Kempō'' and before '' Jōō.'' This period spanned the years from April 1219 through April 1222.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Jōkyū''" i ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 431 n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File The reigning emperor was Juntoku''-tennō'' (順徳天皇). Change of era * 1219 : The new era name was created because the previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Kempo'' 3, on the 6th day of the 12th month of 1219. Events of the ''Jōkyū'' era * February 12, 1219 (''Jōkyū 1, 26th day of the 1st month''): Shōgun Sanetomo was assassinated on the steps of Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū in Kamakura. The 40 years during which Minamoto no Yoritomo, Minamoto no Yoriie and Minamoto no Sanetomo were successive heads of the Kamakura shogunate was sometimes called "the period of the three shōguns ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jōkyū No Ran
, also called Shōkyū, was a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) after ''Kempo (era), Kempō'' and before ''Jōō (Kamakura period), Jōō.'' This period spanned the years from April 1219 through April 1222.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Jōkyū''" i ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 431 n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File The reigning emperor was Emperor Juntoku, Juntoku''-tennō'' (順徳天皇). Change of era * 1219 : The new era name was created because the previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Kempo'' 3, on the 6th day of the 12th month of 1219. Events of the ''Jōkyū'' era * February 12, 1219 (''Jōkyū 1, 26th day of the 1st month''): Shōgun Minamoto no Sanetomo, Sanetomo was assassinated on the steps of Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū in Kamakura, Kanagawa, Kamakura. The 40 years during which Minamoto no Yoritomo, Minamoto no Yoriie and Minamoto no Sanetomo were success ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jōkyū War
, also known as the Jōkyū Disturbance or the Jōkyū Rebellion, was fought in Japan between the forces of Retired Emperor Go-Toba and those of the Hōjō clan, regents of the Kamakura shogunate, whom the retired emperor was trying to overthrow. The main battle was at Uji, just outside Kyōto; this was the third battle to be fought there in less than half a century. It took place in 1221, that is, the third year of the Jōkyū era. Background In the beginning of the 13th century, Emperor Go-Toba found his attempts at political maneuvers blocked by the Kamakura shogunate. Seeking independence, and the power he considered rightfully his as the ruler of Japan, Go-Toba gathered allies in 1221, and planned to effect an overthrow of the shogunate. These allies consisted primarily of members of the Taira clan, and other enemies of the Minamoto, the victors in the Genpei War, and clan of the ''shōguns''. Accounts of the first Imperial banner appears in this period; and the very ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Chūkyō
(October 30, 1218 – June 18, 1234) was the 85th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned only months in 1221, and he was not officially listed amongst the emperors until 1870 because of doubts caused by the length of his reign. The Imperial Household Agency recognizes ''Kujō no misasagi'' (九條陵) near Tōfuku-ji in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto as his tomb. Genealogy Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his ''imina'') was . He was the first son of Emperor Juntoku. His mother was Ritsushi (?) (立子), daughter of Kujō Yoshitsune (九条良経). * Consort: Ukyonodaibu-no-Tsubone (右京大夫局), Priest’s daughter ** First Daughter: Imperial Princess Yoshiko (義子内親王) later Wademon’in (和徳門院, 1234 - 1289) Events of Chūkyō's life Chūkyō was enthroned at the age of two following the deposition of his father, the Emperor Juntoku in preparation for the Jōkyū Incident, an unsuccessful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Go-Horikawa
(March 22, 1212 – August 31, 1234) was the 86th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1221 CE through 1232 CE. This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 10th-century Emperor Horikawa and ''go-'' (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Horikawa". The Japanese word ''go'' has also been translated to mean the "second one;" and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Horikawa, the second," or as "Horikawa II." Genealogy Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his ''imina'') was , also known as Motsihito''-shinnō''.Titsingh, p. 238. The third son of Imperial Prince Morisada (守貞親王) (Go-Takakura-in, 後高倉院), the second son of Emperor Takakura. *Empress (''Jingū''): Sanjō (Fujiwara) Ariuko (三条（藤原）有子) later Ankimon’in (安喜門院), Sanjo Kinfusa’s daughter *Empress (''Chūgū''): ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Juntoku
(October 22, 1197 – October 7, 1242) was the 84th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1210 through 1221. Genealogy Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his ''imina'') was . He was the third son of Emperor Go-Toba. His mother was Shigeko (重子), the daughter of Fujiwara Hanki (藤原範季) *Empress (''chūgū''): Kujō Fujiwara no Ritsushi (?) (九条（藤原）立子) later Higashiichijō-in (東一条院), Kujo Yoshitsune’s daughter **Second daughter: Imperial Princess Taiko (諦子内親王; 1217-1243) later Gekgimon’in (明義門院) **Third son: Imperial Prince Kanenari (懐成親王) later Emperor Chūkyō *Lady-in-waiting: Toku-Naishi (督典侍), Fujiwara Norimitsu’s Daughter **Fourth son: Prince Hikonari (彦成王; 1219-1286) **Sixth son: Imperial Prince Yoshimune (善統親王; 1233-1317) *Consort: Fujiwara Noriko (藤原位子), Bomon Nobukiyo’s daughter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Go-Toba
was the 82nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1183 through 1198. This 12th-century sovereign was named after Emperor Toba, and ''go-'' (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Toba". The Japanese word ''go'' has also been translated to mean the "second one"; and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Toba the Second" or as "Toba II". Genealogy Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his ''imina'') was . He was also known as Takanari''-shinnō'' He was the fourth son of Emperor Takakura, and thus grandson of Emperor Go-Shirakawa. His mother was Bōmon ''Shokushi'' (坊門殖子) (Empress Dowager Shichijō-in, 七条院), daughter of Bōmon Nobutaka (坊門信隆) of the Fujiwara clan. Consorts and children *Empress (''chūgū''): ''Fujiwara no Ninshi''/Takako (藤原任子) later Gishūmon-in (宜秋門院), K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamakura Shogunate
The was the feudal military government of Japan during the Kamakura period from 1185 to 1333. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Kamakura-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 459. The Kamakura shogunate was established by Minamoto no Yoritomo after victory in the Genpei War and appointing himself as ''shōgun''. Yoritomo governed Japan as military dictator from the eastern city of Kamakura with the emperor of Japan and his Imperial Court in the official capital city of Heian-kyō (Kyoto) as figureheads. The Kamakura ''shōguns'' were members of the Minamoto clan until 1226, the Fujiwara clan until 1252, and the last six were minor princes of the imperial family.Nussbaum"Minamoto"at pp. 632–633. The Hōjō clan were the ''de facto'' rulers of Japan as '' shikken'' (regent) of the ''shōgun'' from 1203.Nussbaum"Fujiwara"at pp. 200–201. The Kamakura shogunate saw the Jōkyū War in 1221 and the Mongol invasions of Japan under Kublai Khan in 1274 and 1281. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jōō (Kamakura Period)
, also romanized as Jō-ō, was a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) after ''Jōkyū'' and before '' Gennin.'' This period spanned the years from April 1222 to November 1224.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Jō-ō''" i ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 432 n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File The reigning emperor was Go-Horikawa''-tennō''. Change of era * 1222 : The era name was changed to ''Jōō'' (meaning "Righteous Answer") to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Jōkyū'', on the 13th day of the 4th month of 1222. Events of the ''Jōō'' era * 1222 (''Jōō 2''): Regulations established concerning salaries for '' Jitō'' * July 19, 1223 (''Jōō 2, 20th day of the 6th month''): The buildings of the Asama Shrine at the base of Mount Fuji in Suruga province were re-built by Hōjō Tokimasa.Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minamoto No Sanetomo
was the third ''shōgun'' of the Kamakura shogunate. He was the second son of the Kamakura shogunate founder, Minamoto no Yoritomo. His mother was Hōjō Masako and his older brother was second Kamakura shogun Minamoto no Yoriie. His childhood name was . He was the last head of the Minamoto clan of Japan. His Dharma name was . He was an accomplished '' waka'' poet. Early life After the death of Yoritomo in 1199, Sanetomo's grandfather Hōjō Tokimasa usurped the political and military power of the Shogunate, relegating the position and title of '' Sei-i Taishōgun'', or ''shōgun'', to a figurehead. Through hereditary succession, Sanetomo's older brother Yoriie became ''Sei-i Taishōgun'' in 1202, only to be stripped of the title a year later and put under house arrest for plotting against the Hōjō clan. This was presumably to keep the ''shōgun'' a child and thus needing a regent (''shikken'') to make decisions in his place. Shortly thereafter in 1203, Sanetomo became h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kempo (era)
was a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) after ''Kenryaku'' and before ''Jōkyū.'' This period spanned the years from December 1213 through April 1219. The reigning emperor was Juntoku''-tennō'' (順徳天皇). Change of era * 1213 : The new era name was created because the previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Kenryaku'' 3, on the 6th day of the 12th month of 1213. Events of the ''Kempo'' era * 1213 (''Kempo 1, 1st day of the 1st month''): There was an earthquake at Kamakura. * 1213 (''Kempo 1, 11th month''): Fujiwara no Teika, also known as Fujiwara no Sadeie offered a collection of 8th century poems to Shōgun Sanetomo. These poems were collectively known as the Man'yōshū.Titsingh, p. 233. * 1214 (''Kempo 2, 2nd month''): Shōgun Sanetomo, having drunk too much sake, was feeling somewhat uncomfortable; and the Buddhist priest Eisai, who was the grand priest of the Jufuku-ji temple-complex, presented the shōgun with an excellent tea, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamakura, Kanagawa
is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Kamakura has an estimated population of 172,929 (1 September 2020) and a population density of 4,359 persons per km² over the total area of . Kamakura was designated as a city on 3 November 1939. Kamakura was the ''de facto'' capital of Japan from 1185 to 1333 as the seat of the Kamakura Shogunate, and became the nation's most populous settlement during the Kamakura period. Kamakura is a popular domestic tourist destination in Japan as a coastal city with a high number of seasonal festivals, as well as ancient Buddhist and Shinto shrines and temples. Geography Surrounded to the north, east, and west by hills and to the south by the open water of Sagami Bay, Kamakura is a natural fortress. Before the construction of several tunnels and modern roads that now connect it to Fujisawa, Ofuna ( ja) and Zushi, on land it could be entered only through narrow artificial passes, among which the seven most important were called , a name so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Eras
The , also known as , is the first of the two elements that identify years in the Japanese era calendar scheme. The second element is a number which indicates the year number within the era (with the first year being ""), followed by the literal "" meaning "year". Era names originated in 140 BCE in China, during the reign of the Emperor Wu of Han. As elsewhere in East Asia, the use of era names was originally derived from Chinese imperial practice, although the Japanese system is independent of the Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese era-naming systems. Unlike these other similar systems, Japanese era names are still in use. Government offices usually require era names and years for official papers. The five era names used since the end of the Edo period in 1868 can be abbreviated by taking the first letter of their romanized names. For example, S55 means Shōwa 55 (i.e. 1980), and H22 stands for Heisei 22 (2010). At 62 years and 2 weeks, Shōwa is the longest era to date. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
