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Inbetweening
Inbetweening, also known as tweening, is a process in animation that involves creating intermediate frames, called inbetweens, between two keyframes. The intended result is to create the illusion of movement by smoothly transitioning one image into another. Traditional animation Traditional inbetweening involves the use of a light table to draw a set of pencil and paper drawings. The process of inbetweening in traditional animation starts with a primary artist, who draws key frames to define movement. After the testing and approval of a rough animation, the scene is passed down to assistants, who perform clean-up and add necessary inbetweening. In large studios, assistants usually add breakdowns, which define the movement in more detail. The scene is then passed down to another assistant, the inbetweener who completes the animation. In small animation teams, animators will often carry out the full inbetweening process themselves. Dick Huemer developed this system in the 1920s, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computer Animation
Computer animation is the process used for digitally generating animations. The more general term computer-generated imagery (CGI) encompasses both static scenes ( still images) and dynamic images ( moving images), while computer animation refers to moving images. Modern computer animation usually uses 3D computer graphics to generate a three-dimensional picture. The target of the animation is sometimes the computer itself, while other times it is film. Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to stop motion techniques, but using 3D models, and traditional animation techniques using frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations. Computer-generated animations can also allow a single graphic artist to produce such content without the use of actors, expensive set pieces, or props. To create the illusion of movement, an image is displayed on the computer monitor and repeatedly replaced by a new image that is similar to it but advanced slightly in time (usually at a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Key Frame
In animation and filmmaking, a key frame (or keyframe) is a drawing or shot that defines the starting and ending points of a smooth transition. These are called ''frames'' because their position in time is measured in frames on a strip of film or on a digital video editing timeline. A sequence of key frames defines which movement the viewer will see, whereas the position of the key frames on the film, video, or animation defines the timing of the movement. Because only two or three key frames over the span of a second do not create the illusion of movement, the remaining frames are filled with " inbetweens". Use of key frames as a means to change parameters In software packages that support animation, especially 3D graphics, there are many parameters that can be changed for any one object. One example of such an object is a light (In 3D graphics, lights function similarly to real-world lights. They cause illumination, cast shadows, and create specular highlights). Lights hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smear Frames
In animation, smear frames are animation frames that create the illusion of motion blur. Smear frames are used in between key frames. This animation technique has been used since the 1940s. Smear frames are used to stylistically visualize fast movement along a path of motion.Drury, Matthew R., "Creating 3D Smear Frames for Animation" (2016). ''Undergraduate Honors Theses.'' Paper 348. https://dc.etsu.edu/ honors/348 History The earliest, most notable use of smear frames was in the 1942 film The Dover Boys at Pimento University. The nature of smear frames helped to reduce production costs of other motion blur techniques used in earlier cartoons. Developed for 2D animation, smear frames did not evolve much even with the emergence of CG animated films in the 1990s. The more sophisticated, rigged style of animation for CG films was not conducive to smear frames at the time. The earliest most notable use of recognized smear frames in a CG film was 2012’s Hotel Transylvania in whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphing
Morphing is a special effect in motion pictures and animations that changes (or morphs) one image or shape into another through a seamless transition. Traditionally such a depiction would be achieved through dissolving techniques on film. Since the early 1990s, this has been replaced by computer software to create more realistic transitions. A similar method is applied to audio recordings, for example, by changing voices or vocal lines. Early transformation techniques Long before digital morphing, several techniques were used for similar image transformations. Some of those techniques are closer to a matched dissolve - a gradual change between two pictures without warping the shapes in the images - while others did change the shapes in between the start and end phases of the transformation. Tabula scalata Known since at least the end of the 16th century, Tabula scalata is a type of painting with two images divided over a corrugated surface. Each image is only correctly visible ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tweening
Inbetweening, also known as tweening, is a process in animation that involves creating intermediate frames, called inbetweens, between two keyframes. The intended result is to create the illusion of movement by smoothly transitioning one image into another. Traditional animation Traditional inbetweening involves the use of a light table to draw a set of pencil and paper drawings. The process of inbetweening in traditional animation starts with a primary artist, who draws key frames to define movement. After the testing and approval of a rough animation, the scene is passed down to assistants, who perform clean-up and add necessary inbetweening. In large studios, assistants usually add breakdowns, which define the movement in more detail. The scene is then passed down to another assistant, the inbetweener who completes the animation. In small animation teams, animators will often carry out the full inbetweening process themselves. Dick Huemer developed this system in the 192 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animation
Animation is a method by which still figures are manipulated to appear as moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film. Today, most animations are made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). Computer animation can be very detailed 3D animation, while 2D computer animation (which may have the look of traditional animation) can be used for stylistic reasons, low bandwidth, or faster real-time renderings. Other common animation methods apply a stop motion technique to two- and three-dimensional objects like paper cutouts, puppets, or clay figures. A cartoon is an animated film, usually a short film, featuring an exaggerated visual style. The style takes inspiration from comic strips, often featuring anthropomorphic animals, superheroes, or the adventures of human protagonists. Especially with animals that form a natural predator/prey relationship (e.g. cats and mice, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambridge Animation Systems
Cambridge Animation Systems was a British software company that developed a traditional animation software package called ''Animo'', and is now part of Canadian company Toon Boom Technologies. It was based in Cambridge, England, hence the name. Established in 1990, it created the Animo software in 1992 after acquiring Compose in Color, which was developed by Oliver Unter-ecker. Animo was used for several animated feature films, shorts, and television series, and it powered the UK animation industry until the 2000s as it was used by studios like King Rollo Films, Telemagination, and Cosgrove Hall Films, but it was also used by studios in other countries, most notably Warner Bros. Feature Animation, DreamWorks, and Nelvana. In total, Animo was used by over 300 studios worldwide. In 2000, CAS developed Animo Inkworks, a plug-in which allowed Maya and 3ds Max users to export 3D data into Animo and integrate it into 2D animation via the Scene III plug-in. In 2001, they developed an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FOSS
Fos or FOSS may refer to: Companies * Foss A/S, a Danish analytical instrument company *Foss Brewery, a former brewery in Oslo, Norway * Foss Maritime, a tugboat and shipping company Historic houses * Foss House (New Brighton, Minnesota), United States * Foss and Wells House, Jordan, Minnesota, United States * Horatio G. Foss House, Auburn, Maine, United States People * Foss (surname) * Foss Shanahan (1910–1964), New Zealand diplomat *Foss Westcott (1863–1949), English bishop Places * Foss Dyke, a canal in Lincolnshire, England * Foss-Eikeland, a village in Sandnes, Norway *River Foss, a river in North Yorkshire, England, U.K. United States *Foss, Oklahoma, a town ** Foss State Park * Foss, Oregon, an unincorporated community * Foss Glacier, a glacier on Mount Hinman, Washington * Foss Peak, Tatoosh Range, Washington * Foss River, a river in Washington Other uses * Foss (band), an El Paso, Texas-based rock band * Foss (cat), the pet of Edward Lear *Free and open-sourc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motion Blur
Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure. Usages / Effects of motion blur Photography When a camera creates an image, that image does not represent a single instant of time. Because of technological constraints or artistic requirements, the image may represent the scene over a period of time. Most often this exposure time is brief enough that the image captured by the camera appears to capture an instantaneous moment, but this is not always so, and a fast moving object or a longer exposure time may result in blurring artifacts which make this apparent. As objects in a scene move, an image of that scene must represent an integration of all positions of those objects, as well as the camera's viewpoint, over the period of exposure determined by the shutter speed. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onion Skinning
Onion skinning, in 2D computer graphics, is a technique used in creating animated cartoons and editing movies to see several frames at once. This way, the animator or editor can make decisions on how to create or change an image based on the previous image in the sequence. In traditional animation, the individual frames of a movie were initially drawn on thin onionskin paper over a light source. The animators (mostly inbetweeners) would put the previous and next drawings exactly beneath the working drawing, so that they could draw the 'in between' to give a smooth motion. In computer software, this effect is achieved by making frames translucent and projecting them on top of each other. This effect can also be used to create motion blurs, as seen in ''The Matrix'' when characters dodge bullets. See also * Anime Studio * Adobe Flash Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash and FutureSplash) is a multimedia software platform used for production of animations, rich web ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flicker Fusion Threshold
The flicker fusion threshold, critical flicker frequency (CFF) or flicker fusion rate, is a concept in the psychophysics of vision. It is defined as the frequency at which an intermittent light stimulus appears to be completely steady to the average human observer. A traditional term for flicker fusion is " persistence of vision", but this has also been used to describe positive afterimages or motion blur. Although flicker can be detected for many waveforms representing time-variant fluctuations of intensity, it is conventionally, and most easily, studied in terms of sinusoidal modulation of intensity. There are seven parameters that determine the ability to detect the flicker: # the frequency of the modulation; # the amplitude or depth of the modulation (i.e., what is the maximum percent decrease in the illumination intensity from its peak value); # the average (or maximum—these can be inter-converted if modulation depth is known) illumination intensity; # the wavelength (or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academy Award
The Academy Awards, better known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the American and international film industry. The awards are regarded by many as the most prestigious, significant awards in the entertainment industry worldwide. Given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), the awards are an international recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements, as assessed by the Academy's voting membership. The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette as a trophy, officially called the "Academy Award of Merit", although more commonly referred to by its nickname, the "Oscar". The statuette, depicting a knight rendered in the Art Deco style, was originally sculpted by Los Angeles artist George Stanley from a design sketch by art director Cedric Gibbons. The 1st Academy Awards were held in 1929 at a private dinner hosted by Douglas Fairbanks in The Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. The Academy Awards cere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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