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Hyperoside
Hyperoside is a chemical compound. It is the 3-''O''- galactoside of quercetin. Natural occurrences Hyperoside has been isolated from ''Drosera rotundifolia'', from the Lamiaceae ''Stachys sp.'' and ''Prunella vulgaris'', from ''Rumex acetosella'', '' Cuscuta chinensis'' seeds, from St John's wort and from '' Camptotheca acuminata''. It is one of the phenolic compounds in the invasive plant '' Carpobrotus edulis'' and contributes to the antibacterial properties of the plant. In ''Rheum nobile ''Rheum nobile'', the Sikkim rhubarb or noble rhubarb or पदमचाल, is a giant herbaceous plant native to the Himalaya, from northeastern Afghanistan, east through northern Pakistan and India, Nepal, Sikkim (in India), Bhutan, and Tibe ...'' and '' R. rhaponticum'', it serves as a UV blocker found in the bracts. It is also found in '' Geranium niveum'' and '' Taxillus kaempferi''.The constituents of Taxillus kaempferi and the host, Pinus thunbergii. I. Catechins and flavones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypericum Perforatum
''Hypericum perforatum'', known as St. John's wort, is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae and the type species of the genus '' Hypericum''. Possibly a hybrid between '' H. maculatum'' and '' H. attenuatum'', the species can be found across temperate areas of Eurasia and has been introduced as an invasive weed to much of North and South America, as well as South Africa and Australia. While the species is harmful to livestock and can interfere with prescription drugs, it has been used in folk medicine over centuries, and remains commercially cultivated in the 21st century. Hyperforin, a phytochemical constituent of the species, is under basic research for possible therapeutic properties. Description ''Hypericum perforatum'' is an herbaceous perennial plant with extensive, creeping rhizomes. Its reddish stems are erect and branched in the upper section, and can grow up to high. The stems are woody near their base and may appear jointed from leaf scars. The branche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rheum Rhaponticum
''Rheum rhaponticum'', the false rhubarb, rhapontic rhubarb or rhapontic, is a plant species in the genus '' Rheum'' found in the wild. It is the only ''Rheum'' species found only in Europe, and is now restricted to the Rila mountain range in south-western Bulgaria. It was introduced to other countries in Europe. It is considered to be one of the parents of the modern culinary rhubarb. Description ''Rheum rhaponticum'' is a robust perennial herbaceous plant growing from a woody rhizome. It has large, undivided leaves, with succulent petioles (stalks). The blade of the leaf is up to 50 cm long, and is wider than its length. The leaves are heart-shaped at the base with five prominent nerves. The petioles are concave above and convex below, with about 10 ridges. The flowers are borne in a panicle and are light greenish-yellow in colour. The fruits have membrane-like wings and are about 5 mm long on pedicels (stems) of the same length. Karyotypy In 1928, Jaretzky found ''R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camptotheca Acuminata
''Camptotheca'' (happy tree, cancer tree, or tree of life) is a genus of medium-sized deciduous trees growing to tall, native to southern China and Tibet. The genus is usually included in the tupelo family Nyssaceae, but sometimes included (with the tupelos) in the dogwood family Cornaceae. The name "happy tree" is a direct translation of the Chinese name xǐ shù (Simplified Chinese:喜树). There are two species: *''Camptotheca acuminata'' Decne. *'' Camptotheca lowreyana'' S.Y.Li The bark and stems of ''C. acuminata'' contain the alkaloid camptothecin. Several chemical derivatives of camptothecin are under investigation for or used as drugs for cancer treatment, including irinotecan, topotecan, rubitecan. ''C. acuminata'' also contains the chemical compounds trifolin and hyperoside Hyperoside is a chemical compound. It is the 3-''O''- galactoside of quercetin. Natural occurrences Hyperoside has been isolated from ''Drosera rotundifolia'', from the Lamiaceae ''S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rheum Nobile
''Rheum nobile'', the Sikkim rhubarb or noble rhubarb or पदमचाल, is a giant herbaceous plant native to the Himalaya, from northeastern Afghanistan, east through northern Pakistan and India, Nepal, Sikkim (in India), Bhutan, and Tibet to Myanmar, occurring in the alpine zone at 4000–4800 m altitude. It is an extraordinary species of rhubarb (genus ''Rheum''). At 1–2 m tall, the monocarpic inflorescences of ''R. nobile'' tower above the other shrubs and low herbs in its habitat, and it is visible across valleys a mile away. ''R. nobile'' is often called a ''glasshouse plant'' because of its outer curtain of translucent bracts which pass visible light, creating a greenhouse effect, while blocking ultraviolet radiation. These are likely defenses against the increased UV-B exposure and extreme cold in its high altitude range.Iwashina et al. p.101 Description An individual ''R. nobile'' is a conical tower of delicate, straw-coloured, shining, translucent, regular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavonoid Galactosides
Flavonoids (or bioflavonoids; from the Latin word ''flavus'', meaning yellow, their color in nature) are a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in plants, and thus commonly consumed in the diets of humans. Chemically, flavonoids have the general structure of a 15-carbon skeleton, which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ring (C, the ring containing the embedded oxygen). This carbon structure can be abbreviated C6-C3-C6. According to the IUPAC nomenclature, they can be classified into: *flavonoids or bioflavonoids *isoflavonoids, derived from 3-phenyl chromen-4-one (3-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone) structure *neoflavonoids, derived from 4-phenylcoumarine (4-phenyl-1,2-benzopyrone) structure The three flavonoid classes above are all ketone-containing compounds and as such, anthoxanthins ( flavones and flavonols). This class was the first to be termed bioflavonoids. The terms flavonoid and bioflavonoid have also been more loosely used to describe non ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quercetin Glycosides
Quercetin is a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols. It is found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, seeds, and grains; capers, red onions, and kale are common foods containing appreciable amounts of it. It has a bitter flavor and is used as an ingredient in dietary supplements, beverages, and foods. Occurrence Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in nature. The name has been used since 1857, and is derived from ''quercetum'' (oak forest), after the oak genus ''Quercus''. It is a naturally occurring polar auxin transport inhibitor. Quercetin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids, with an average daily consumption of 25–50 milligrams. In red onions, higher concentrations of quercetin occur in the outermost rings and in the part closest to the root, the latter being the part of the plant with the highest concentration. One study found that organic farming, organically grown tomatoes had 79% more quercetin than non-organically grown fruit. Quer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxillus Kaempferi
''Taxillus kaempferi'' () is a parasitic plant A parasitic plant is a plant that derives some or all of its nutritional requirements from another living plant. They make up about 1% of angiosperms and are found in almost every biome. All parasitic plants develop a specialized organ called th ... species in the genus '' Taxillus'' found in China (Anhui, Fujian, W Hubei, S Jiangxi, Sichuan, S Zhejiang), Bhutan and Japan. Its host is '' Pinus thunbergii''.The constituents of Taxillus kaempferi and the host, Pinus thunbergii. I. Catechins and flavones of Taxillus kaempferi. Konishi T, Nishio T, Kiyosawa S, Fujiwara Y and Konoshima T, Yakugaku Zasshi., February 1996, volume 116, issue 2, pages 148-157 (article in Japanese) The flavonol avicularin can be produced from ''T. kaempferi''.Avicularin, a plant flavonoid, suppresses lipid accumulation through repression of C/EBPα-activated GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. Fujimori K and Shibano M, J Agric Food Chem., 29 May ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geranium Niveum
''Geranium niveum'' is a plant species in the genus '' Geranium''. It is a medicinal herb widely used by the Tarahumara Indians of Mexico. Geranin A (epi-afzelechin-(4β→8, 2β→O→7)-afzelechin), geranin B (epi-catechin-(4β→8, 2β→O→7)-afzelechin), mahuannin B, reynoutrin, hyperin, methyl gallate and 3-beta-caffeoyl-12-oleanen-28-oic acid can be found in ''G. niveum''. References External links ''Geraniumm niveum'' at CollectionSearchCenter niveum Flora of Mexico Plants described in 1886 {{Geraniaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galactoside
A galactoside is a glycoside containing galactose. The H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by an organic moiety. Depending on whether the glycosidic bond lies "above" or "below" the plane of the galactose molecule, galactosides are classified as α-galactosides or β-galactosides. A β-galactoside is a type of galactoside in which the glycosidic bond lies above the plane of the galactose Galactose (, '' galacto-'' + ''-ose'', "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as glucose, and about 65% as sweet as sucrose. It is an aldohexose and a C-4 epimer of glucose. A galactose molecu ... residue. The most commonly recognized and used β-galactoside in biochemistry is lactose. However, other chemicals, such as ONPG, are known, but these are typically synthesized for biochemical assays. Galactosides play significant roles in metabolic processes of many organisms and are hydrolyzed by a class of enzymes called g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carpobrotus Edulis
''Carpobrotus edulis'' is a ground-creeping plant with succulent leaves in the genus ''Carpobrotus'', native to South Africa. Its common names include hottentot-fig, sour fig, ice plant or highway ice plant. Description ''Carpobrotus edulis'' is a creeping, mat-forming succulent species. It grows year round, with individual shoot segments growing more than 1 m (3 ft) per year. It can grow to at least 50 m (165 ft) in diameter. The leaves are a dull-green or yellow-green colour. They are only very slightly curved and have serrated sides near the tips. The yellow flowers are produced from April to October, and range from in diameter. Two of the calyx lobes are longer, extending further than the petals. The flowers open in the morning in bright sunlight and close at night. The receptacle is somewhat wedge-shaped, tapering down to the pedicel. The fruit is multi-chambered, ripening from green to yellow. The species is easily confused with its close relatives ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quercetin
Quercetin is a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols. It is found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, seeds, and grains; capers, red onions, and kale are common foods containing appreciable amounts of it. It has a bitter flavor and is used as an ingredient in dietary supplements, beverages, and foods. Occurrence Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in nature. The name has been used since 1857, and is derived from ''quercetum'' (oak forest), after the oak genus ''Quercus''. It is a naturally occurring polar auxin transport inhibitor. Quercetin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids, with an average daily consumption of 25–50 milligrams. In red onions, higher concentrations of quercetin occur in the outermost rings and in the part closest to the root, the latter being the part of the plant with the highest concentration. One study found that organically grown tomatoes had 79% more quercetin than non-organically grown fruit. Quercetin is pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuscuta Chinensis
''Cuscuta chinensis'' Lam. is a stem holoparasite vine in the family Convolvulaceae. It was first described in China in 1786. Description ''C. chinensis'' is a thin, yellow vine lacking leaves or roots. It produces glomerulate to dense paniculiform inflorescences composed of white-cream 5-merous flowers that are very small, have two styles with capitate stigmata, and produce 3–4 obovoid seeds per capsule. Its pollen grains are small, colporate, and covered by a finely reticulate ektexine. ''C. chinensis'' var. ''chinensis'' has been observed to flower from June–October, December–March, and February–May. It is found throughout western Asia, tropical Asia, eastern Asia, and Australasia at latitudes between 20° N and 50° N. Specimens of '' Cuscuta campestris'' are occasionally mislabeled as ''C. chinensis''; the two species can be differed by ''C. chinensiss carinate calyx lobes, incurved but not inflexed corolla lobes, and dehiscent seed capsule. ''C. ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
