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Hubert Dreyfus
Hubert Lederer Dreyfus (; October 15, 1929 – April 22, 2017) was an American philosopher and professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley. His main interests included phenomenology, existentialism and the philosophy of both psychology and literature, as well as the philosophical implications of artificial intelligence. He was widely known for his exegesis of Martin Heidegger, which critics labeled "Dreydegger". Dreyfus was featured in Tao Ruspoli's film ''Being in the World'' (2010)'','' and was among the philosophers interviewed by Bryan Magee for the BBC Television series '' The Great Philosophers'' (1987)''.'' The '' Futurama'' character Professor ''Hubert'' Farnsworth is partly named after him, writer Eric Kaplan having been a former student. Life and career Dreyfus was born on 15 October 1929, in Terre Haute, Indiana, to Stanley S. and Irene (Lederer) Dreyfus.ia_YouTube''_The_Great_Philosophers''_BBC_(1987) Between_1956_and_1957,_Dreyfus_unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terre Haute, Indiana
Terre Haute ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Vigo County, Indiana, United States, about 5 miles east of the state's western border with Illinois. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 60,785 and its metropolitan area had a population of 170,943. Located along the Wabash River, Terre Haute is one of the largest cities in the Wabash Valley and is known as the Queen City of the Wabash. The city is home to multiple higher-education institutions, including Indiana State University, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, and Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana. History Terre Haute's name is derived from the French phrase ''terre haute'' (pronounced in French), meaning "highland". It was named by French-Canadian explorers and fur trappers to the area in the early 18th century to describe the unique location above the Wabash River (see French colonization of the Americas). At the time, the area was claimed by the French and British and these highlands were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dreyfus' Critique Of Artificial Intelligence
Hubert Dreyfus was a critic of artificial intelligence research. In a series of papers and books, including ''Alchemy and AI'' (1965), ''What Computers Can't Do'' (1972; 1979; 1992) and ''Mind over Machine'' (1986), he presented a pessimistic assessment of AI's progress and a critique of the philosophical foundations of the field. Dreyfus' objections are discussed in most introductions to the philosophy of artificial intelligence, including , the standard AI textbook, and in , a survey of contemporary philosophy. Dreyfus argued that human intelligence and expertise depend primarily on unconscious processes rather than conscious symbolic manipulation, and that these unconscious skills can never be fully captured in formal rules. His critique was based on the insights of modern continental philosophers such as Merleau-Ponty and Heidegger, and was directed at the first wave of AI research which used high level formal symbols to represent reality and tried to reduce intelligence t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Searle
John Rogers Searle (; born July 31, 1932) is an American philosopher widely noted for contributions to the philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, and social philosophy. He began teaching at UC Berkeley in 1959, and was Willis S. and Marion Slusser Professor Emeritus of the Philosophy of Mind and Language and Professor of the Graduate School at the University of California, Berkeley until 2019. As an undergraduate at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Searle was secretary of "Students against Joseph McCarthy". He received all his university degrees, BA, MA, and DPhil, from the University of Oxford, where he held his first faculty positions. Later, at UC Berkeley, he became the first tenured professor to join the 1964–1965 Free Speech Movement. In the late 1980s, Searle challenged the restrictions of Berkeley's 1980 rent stabilization ordinance. Following what came to be known as the California Supreme Court's "Searle Decision" of 1990, Berkeley changed its rent co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Rorty
Richard McKay Rorty (October 4, 1931 – June 8, 2007) was an American philosopher. Educated at the University of Chicago and Yale University, he had strong interests and training in both the history of philosophy and in contemporary analytic philosophy. Rorty had a long and diverse academic career, including positions as Stuart Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University, Kenan Professor of Humanities at the University of Virginia, and Professor of Comparative literature at Stanford University. Among his most influential books are '' Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature'' (1979), ''Consequences of Pragmatism'' (1982), and '' Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity'' (1989). Rorty rejected the long held idea that correct internal representations of objects in the outside world is a necessary prerequisite for knowledge. Rorty argued instead that knowledge is an ''internal'' and ''linguistic'' affair; knowledge only relates to our own language. Rorty argues that language is ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Richardson (philosopher)
John Richardson (born 1951) is a professor of philosophy at New York University. He is best known for his books on Heidegger and Nietzsche. Education and career A graduate of Harvard University in 1972, he earned his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1981 under the supervision of Hubert Dreyfus. He has taught at New York University since 1981. Books Authored books *''Existential Epistemology: A Heideggerian Critique of the Cartesian Project'' (Oxford University Press, 1986). *''Nietzsche's System'' (Oxford University Press, 1996). *''Nietzsche's New Darwinism'' (Oxford University Press, 2004). *''Heidegger'' (Routledge, 2012). *''Nietzsche's Values'' (Oxford University Press, 2020). Edited books *''The Oxford Handbook of Nietzsche,'' with Ken Gemes (Oxford University Press, 2013). *''Nietzsche Oxford Readings in Philosophy,'' with Brian Leiter Brian Leiter (; born 1963) is an American philosopher and legal scholar who is Karl N. Llewellyn Professor o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sean Dorrance Kelly
Sean Dorrance Kelly is an American philosopher, currently the Teresa G. and Ferdinand F. Martignetti Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University, where he also serves as Faculty Dean of Dunster House. He is an expert on phenomenology and philosophy of mind. Education and career A graduate of Brown University, he received his PhD from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1998, and was an Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University from 1999 until 2006, when he moved to Harvard. He is known for his expertise on various aspects of the philosophical, phenomenological, and cognitive neuroscientific nature of human experience. He is featured in Tao Ruspoli's film ''Being in the World''. Books * ''The Relevance of Phenomenology to the Philosophy of Language and Mind'' (Studies in Philosophy), Sean D. Kelly, Routledge, 2000 * ''All Things Shining: Reading the Western Classics to Find Meaning in a Secular Age'', Hubert Dreyfus and Sean Dorrance Kelly, Free Press, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Haugeland
John Haugeland (; March 13, 1945 – June 23, 2010) was a professor of philosophy, specializing in the philosophy of mind, cognitive science, phenomenology, and Heidegger. He spent most of his career at the University of Pittsburgh, followed by the University of Chicago from 1999 until his death. He is featured in Tao Ruspoli's film ''Being in the World''. Education and career Haugeland studied at Harvey Mudd College, where he obtained a BS cum laude in physics in 1966. He received a PhD in philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley, completing his dissertation, entitled ''Truth and Understanding'', under the supervision of Hans Sluga in 1976. At Berkeley, Hubert Dreyfus served as one of his important mentors, becoming almost a ''de facto'' doctoral advisor. Haugeland spent most of his career teaching at the University of Pittsburgh, from 1974 until 1999, and he also served as a visiting professor at Helsinki University, Finland. He served as chair of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taylor Carman
Taylor Carman (born 1965) is an American philosopher. He is a professor of philosophy at Barnard College, Columbia University. Education and career Carman earned his Ph.D. in philosophy from Stanford University, where he worked with Dagfinn Føllesdal, but was also influenced by Hubert Dreyfus. Philosophical work Carman's main areas of interest are in the philosophy of Martin Heidegger and in phenomenology. He is the author of ''Heidegger’s Analytic: Interpretation, Discourse, and Authenticity in Heidegger's'' Being and Time (2003) and ''Merleau-Ponty'' (2008), and the editor of ''The Cambridge Companion to Merleau-Ponty'' (2005). He is also co-editor of a philosophy series with Ashgate Publishing called "Intersection: Continental and Analytic Philosophy". Hubert Dreyfus considered Carman to be one of the leading contemporary authorities on Heidegger and on Heidegger's concept of death in particular. Carman was featured, along with Dreyfus, Charles Taylor, Albert Borgmann, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patricia Benner
Patricia Sawyer Benner (born August 31, 1942) is a nursing theorist, academic and author. She is known for one of her books, ''From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice'' (1984). Benner described the stages of learning and skill acquisition across the careers of nurses, applying the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition to nursing practice. Benner is a professor emerita at the University of California, San Francisco UCSF School of Nursing. Early life Benner was born Patricia Sawyer in August 1942 in Hampton, Virginia. Benner, her parents and her two sisters moved to California when she was a child. Her parents were divorced when she was in high school, which she described as a difficult event for her entire family. Benner decided to become a nurse while working in a hospital admitting department during college. She earned an associate degree in nursing from Pasadena City College simultaneously with a bachelor's degree from Pasadena College in 1964. She ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philosophy Of Artificial Intelligence
The philosophy of artificial intelligence is a branch of the philosophy of technology that explores artificial intelligence and its implications for knowledge and understanding of intelligence, ethics, consciousness, epistemology, and free will. Furthermore, the technology is concerned with the creation of artificial animals or artificial people (or, at least, artificial creatures; see artificial life) so the discipline is of considerable interest to philosophers. These factors contributed to the emergence of the philosophy of artificial intelligence. Some scholars argue that the AI community's dismissal of philosophy is detrimental. The philosophy of artificial intelligence attempts to answer such questions as follows: * Can a machine act intelligently? Can it solve ''any'' problem that a person would solve by thinking? * Are human intelligence and machine intelligence the same? Is the human brain essentially a computer? * Can a machine have a mind, mental states, and co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michel Foucault
Paul-Michel Foucault (, ; ; 15 October 192625 June 1984) was a French philosopher, historian of ideas, writer, political activist, and literary critic. Foucault's theories primarily address the relationship between power and knowledge, and how they are used as a form of social control through societal institutions. Though often cited as a structuralist and postmodernist, Foucault rejected these labels. His thought has influenced academics, especially those working in communication studies, anthropology, psychology, sociology, criminology, cultural studies, literary theory, feminism, Marxism and critical theory. Born in Poitiers, France, into an upper-middle-class family, Foucault was educated at the Lycée Henri-IV, at the École Normale Supérieure, where he developed an interest in philosophy and came under the influence of his tutors Jean Hyppolite and Louis Althusser, and at the University of Paris ( Sorbonne), where he earned degrees in philosophy and psychology. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty. (; 14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961) was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. The constitution of meaning in human experience was his main interest and he wrote on perception, art, politics, religion, biology, psychology, psychoanalysis, language, nature, and history. He was the lead editor of ''Les Temps modernes'', the leftist magazine he established with Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir in 1945. At the core of Merleau-Ponty's philosophy is a sustained argument for the foundational role that perception plays in the human experience of the world. Merleau-Ponty understands perception to be an ongoing dialogue between one's lived body and the world which it perceives, in which perceivers passively and actively strive to express the perceived world in concert with others. He was the only major phenomenologist of the first half of the twentieth century to engage extensively with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
