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Dermatophagia
Dermatophagia (from Ancient Greek ''δέρμα'' — ''skin'' and ''φαγεία'' ''eating'') or dermatodaxia (from ''δήξις'', ''biting'') is a compulsion disorder of gnawing or biting one's own skin, most commonly at the fingers. This action can either be conscious or unconscious. Those affected with dermatophagia typically bite the skin around the nails, leading to bleeding and discoloration over time. Some people also bite on their skin on their finger knuckles which can lead to pain and bleeding just by moving their fingers. In herpetology, dermatophagia is used to correctly describe the act in which amphibians and reptiles eat the skin they shed, but this is not what occurs in humans. Those diagnosed with this disorder do not develop wounds on the bitten areas of their hands or lose any skin. Instead, they experience a thickening of the skin being repeatedly bitten. Contemporary research suggests a link between impulse-control disorders and obsessive–compulsive diso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Excoriation Disorder
Excoriation disorder, more commonly known as dermatillomania, is a mental disorder on the obsessive–compulsive spectrum that is characterized by the repeated urge or impulse to pick at one's own skin, to the extent that either psychological or physical damage is caused. Signs and symptoms Episodes of skin picking are often preceded or accompanied by tension, anxiety, or stress. In some cases, following picking, the affected person may feel depressed. During these moments, there is commonly a compulsive urge to pick, squeeze, or scratch at a surface or region of the body, often at the location of a perceived skin defect. When picking, one may feel a sense of relief or satisfaction. The region most commonly picked is the face, but other frequent locations include the arms, legs, back, gums, neck, shoulders, scalp, abdomen, chest, and extremities such as the fingernails, cuticles, toenails, etc. Most patients with excoriation disorder report having a primary area of the body ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Body-focused Repetitive Behavior
Body-focused repetitive behavior (BFRB) is an umbrella name for Impulse control disorder, impulse control behaviors involving Compulsive behavior, compulsively self-injury, damaging one's physical appearance or causing physical injury. Body-focused repetitive behavior disorders (BFRBDs) in ICD-11 is in development. BFRB disorders are currently estimated to be under the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. They are also associated with ADHD and anxiety. Causes The cause of BFRBs is unknown. Emotional variables may have a differential impact on the expression of BFRBs. Research has suggested that the urge to repetitive self-injury is similar to a body-focused repetitive behavior but others have argued that for some the condition is more akin to a substance abuse disorder. Researchers are investigating a possible genetic component. Onset BFRBs most often begin in late childhood or in the early teens. Diagnosis Types The main BFRB disorders are: * Skin ** Dermatillomania (excoriation d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Excoriation Disorder
Excoriation disorder, more commonly known as dermatillomania, is a mental disorder on the obsessive–compulsive spectrum that is characterized by the repeated urge or impulse to pick at one's own skin, to the extent that either psychological or physical damage is caused. Signs and symptoms Episodes of skin picking are often preceded or accompanied by tension, anxiety, or stress. In some cases, following picking, the affected person may feel depressed. During these moments, there is commonly a compulsive urge to pick, squeeze, or scratch at a surface or region of the body, often at the location of a perceived skin defect. When picking, one may feel a sense of relief or satisfaction. The region most commonly picked is the face, but other frequent locations include the arms, legs, back, gums, neck, shoulders, scalp, abdomen, chest, and extremities such as the fingernails, cuticles, toenails, etc. Most patients with excoriation disorder report having a primary area of the body ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Body-focused Repetitive Behavior
Body-focused repetitive behavior (BFRB) is an umbrella name for Impulse control disorder, impulse control behaviors involving Compulsive behavior, compulsively self-injury, damaging one's physical appearance or causing physical injury. Body-focused repetitive behavior disorders (BFRBDs) in ICD-11 is in development. BFRB disorders are currently estimated to be under the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. They are also associated with ADHD and anxiety. Causes The cause of BFRBs is unknown. Emotional variables may have a differential impact on the expression of BFRBs. Research has suggested that the urge to repetitive self-injury is similar to a body-focused repetitive behavior but others have argued that for some the condition is more akin to a substance abuse disorder. Researchers are investigating a possible genetic component. Onset BFRBs most often begin in late childhood or in the early teens. Diagnosis Types The main BFRB disorders are: * Skin ** Dermatillomania (excoriation d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autistic Spectrum Disorders
The autism spectrum, often referred to as just autism or in the context of a professional diagnosis autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autism spectrum condition (ASC), is a neurodevelopmental condition (or conditions) characterized by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and the presence of repetitive behavior and restricted interests. Other common signs include unusual responses to sensory stimuli. Autism is generally understood as a ''spectrum disorder'', which means that it can manifest differently in each person: any given autistic individual is likely to show some, but not all, of the characteristics associated with it, and the person may exhibit them to varying degrees. Some autistic people remain nonspeaking over the course of their lifespan, while others have relatively unimpaired spoken language. There is large variation in the level of support people require, and the same person may present differently at varying times. Historically, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habit And Impulse Disorders
A habit (or wont as a humorous and formal term) is a routine of behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occur subconsciously.Definition of ''Habituation'' ''Merriam Webster Dictionary''. Retrieved on August 29, 2008 The '''' (1903) defined a "habit, from the standpoint of , sa more or less fixed way of thinking, willing, or feeling acquired through previous repetition of a mental |
Conditions Of The Skin Appendages
Condition or conditions may refer to: In philosophy and logic * Material conditional, a logical connective used to form "if...then..." statements * Necessary and sufficient condition, a statement which is true if and only if another given statement is true In science and technology In computer science * Exception handling#Condition systems, a generalization of exceptions in exception handling * Condition (SQL), a filtering mechanism in relational database queries * Condition variable, a synchronization primitive in concurrent programming In medicine * Medical condition, as a synonym for disease * Medical state or condition, a patient's clinical status in a hospital In numerical analysis * Condition number, a measure of a matrix in digital computation In arts and entertainment * ''Condition'' (film), a 2011 film * ''Conditions'' (album), 2009 debut album by Australian rock band The Temper Trap * ''Conditions'' (magazine), an annual lesbian feminist literary magazine * Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psycho-social intervention that aims to reduce symptoms of various mental health conditions, primarily depression and anxiety disorders. CBT focuses on challenging and changing cognitive distortions (such as thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes) and their associated behaviors to improve emotional regulation and develop personal coping strategies that target solving current problems. Though it was originally designed to treat depression, its uses have been expanded to include the treatment of many mental health conditions, including anxiety, substance use disorders, marital problems, and eating disorders. CBT includes a number of cognitive or behavioral psychotherapies that treat defined psychopathologies using evidence-based techniques and strategies. CBT is a common form of talk therapy based on the combination of the basic principles from behavioral and cognitive psychology. It is different from historical approaches to psychotherapy, su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decoupling For Body-focused Repetitive Behaviors
Decoupling is a behavioral self-help intervention developed for body-focused and related behaviors (DSM-5) such as trichotillomania, onychophagia (nail biting), skin picking and lip-cheek biting. The user is instructed to modify the original dysfunctional behavioral path by performing a counter-movement shortly before completing the self-injurious behavior (e.g. biting nails, picking skin, pulling hair). This is intended to trigger an irritation, which enables the person to detect and stop the compulsive behavior Compulsive behavior is defined as performing an action persistently and repetitively. Compulsive behaviors could be an attempt to make obsessions go away. The act is usually a small, restricted and repetitive behavior, yet not disturbing in a pa ... at an early stage. A systematic review from 2012 showed the efficacy of decoupling, which was corroborated by Lee et al. {{Cite journal, last1=Lee, first1=Melissa T., last2=Mpavaenda, first2=Davis N., last3=Fineberg, firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habit Reversal Training
Habit reversal training (HRT) is a "multicomponent behavioral treatment package originally developed to address a wide variety of repetitive behavior disorders". Behavioral disorders treated with HRT include tics, trichotillomania, nail biting, thumb sucking, skin picking, temporomandibular disorder (TMJ), lip-cheek biting and stuttering. As reported in It consists of five components: awareness training, competing response training, contingency management, relaxation training, and generalization training. Research on the efficacy of HRT for behavioral disorders have produced consistent, large effect sizes (approximately 0.80 across the disorders). It has met the standard of a well-established treatment for stuttering, thumb sucking, nail biting, and TMJ disorders. According to a meta-analysis from 2012, decoupling, a self-help variant of HRT, also shows efficacy. For tic disorders In the case of tics, these components are intended to increase tic awareness, develop a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichophagia
Trichophagia is the compulsive eating of hair associated with trichotillomania (hair pulling). In trichophagia, people with trichotillomania also ingest the hair that they pull; in extreme cases this can lead to a hair ball ( trichobezoar). The term is derived from ancient Greek θρίξ, ("hair") and φαγεῖν, ("to eat"). Signs and symptoms Trichophagia is characterized by the person eating hair, usually their own; primarily after pulling it out. Most often, hair is pulled out and then the ends of the root bulb are eaten, or occasionally the hair shaft itself. The hair eventually collects in the gastrointestinal tract (on occasion, and depending upon severity of symptoms) causing indigestion and stomach pain. Ritual is a strong factor, and may involve touching the root bulb to the lips, tasting the hair, and occasionally chewing it. Sometimes those with the disorder may even eat the hair of others. In the psychiatric field it is considered a compulsive psychological disor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infection
An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease, is an illness resulting from an infection. Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens, most prominently bacteria and viruses. Hosts can fight infections using their immune system. Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation, followed by an adaptive response. Specific medications used to treat infections include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals, and antihelminthics. Infectious diseases resulted in 9.2 million deaths in 2013 (about 17% of all deaths). The branch of medicine that focuses on infections is referred to as infectious disease. Types Infections are caused by infectious agents (pathogens) including: * Bacteria (e.g. '' Mycobacterium t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
