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Clavulinaceae
The Clavulinaceae are a family of fungi in the order Cantharellales. The family is not well defined, but currently comprises species of clavarioid (club and coral) fungi as well as some corticioid (crust- and patch-forming) fungi. These species are nutritionally diverse, some being ectomycorrhizal, others wood-rotting saprotrophs, others lichenized, and yet others lichenicolous (growing on or parasitizing lichens). Taxonomy History The Dutch mycologist Marinus Anton Donk first published the tribe Clavulinae in 1933 to accommodate species of clavarioid fungi in the genus ''Clavulina'' that had "stichic" basidia (basidia with nuclear spindles arranged longitudinally). He considered this feature placed the species concerned closer to the chanterelles (Cantharellales) than to other clavarioid fungi. In 1961, he raised the tribe to the rank of family, as the Clavulinaceae. In 1968, Estonian mycologist Erast Parmasto added the corticioid genus '' Clavulicium'' to the family, n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantharellales
The Cantharellales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. The order includes not only the chanterelles (Cantharellaceae), but also some of the tooth fungi (Hydnaceae), clavarioid fungi ( Aphelariaceae and Clavulinaceae), and corticioid fungi ( Botryobasidiaceae). Species within the order are variously ectomycorrhizal, saprotrophic, associated with orchids, or facultative plant pathogens. Those of economic importance include edible and commercially collected ''Cantharellus'', ''Craterellus'', and ''Hydnum'' species as well as crop pathogens in the genera '' Ceratobasidium'' and '' Thanatephorus'' (''Rhizoctonia''). Taxonomy The order was originally proposed in 1926 by German mycologist Ernst Albert Gäumann to accommodate species within the phylum Basidiomycota having "stichic" basidia (basidia with nuclear spindles arranged longitudinally). On this basis, he included three families within the Cantharellales: the Cantharellaceae (including the Hydnaceae), t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Membranomyces
''Membranomyces'' is a genus of fungi in the family Clavulinaceae The Clavulinaceae are a family of fungi in the order Cantharellales. The family is not well defined, but currently comprises species of clavarioid (club and coral) fungi as well as some corticioid (crust- and patch-forming) fungi. These specie .... The genus, circumscribed in 1975, contains two species found in Europe and Canada. References External links * Clavulinaceae Agaricomycetes genera Taxa named by Walter Jülich Fungi described in 1975 {{Agaricomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burgella
''Burgella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Clavulinaceae. The genus is monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispe ..., containing the single species ''Burgella flavoparmeliae'', described in 2007. The genus name of ''Burgella'' is in honour of Pietro Benedetto Luigi Burgo (1876-1964), an Italian electrical and industrial engineer. The genus was circumscribed by Paul Diederich and James D. Lawrey in Biblioth. Lichenol. Vol.107 on page 22 in 2007. References External links * Clavulinaceae Monotypic Basidiomycota genera Taxa described in 2007 {{Agaricomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clavulina
''Clavulina'' is a genus of fungus in the family Clavulinaceae, in the Cantharelloid clade (order Cantharellales). Species are characterized by having extensively branched fruit bodies, white spore prints, and bisterigmate basidia (often with secondary septation). Branches are cylindrical or flattened, blunt, and pointed or crested at the apex, hyphae with or without clamps, basidia cylindrical to narrowly clavate, mostly with two sterigmata which are large and strongly incurved and spores subspherical or broadly ellipsoid, smooth, and thin-walled, each with one large oil drop or guttule. The genus contains approximately forty-five species with a worldwide distribution, primarily in tropical regions. Species of ''Clavulina'' are mostly ectomycorrhiza A mycorrhiza (from Greek μύκης ', "fungus", and ῥίζα ', "root"; pl. mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clavulicium
''Clavulicium'' is a genus of corticioid fungi in the family Stereopsidaceae. It was formerly placed in the family Clavulinaceae in the order Cantharellales but was found to belong in a new order along with ''Stereopsis'' in 2014. The widespread genus was circumscribed by the French mycologist Jacques Boidin in 1957. The spores and the basidia of species in the genus are similar to those in ''Clavulina ''Clavulina'' is a genus of fungus in the family Clavulinaceae, in the Cantharelloid clade (order Cantharellales). Species are characterized by having extensively branched fruit bodies, white spore prints, and bisterigmate basidia (often with s ...'' but also similar to those in ''Stereopsis''. '' Clavulicium globosum'' is now a species of ''Stereopsis''. References External links * Clavulinaceae Agaricomycetes genera {{Agaricomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multiclavula
''Multiclavula'' is a genus of basidiolichens in the family Hydnaceae. The widespread genus contains 14 species.Reschke, K., Lotz-Winter, H., Fischer, C.W., Hofmann, T.A., Piepenbring, M., 2021. New and interesting species of Agaricomycetes from Panama. Phytotaxa 529, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.529.1.1 Species *'' Multiclavula caput-serpentis'' *''Multiclavula clara'' *''Multiclavula constans'' *''Multiclavula coronilla'' *''Multiclavula corynoides'' *''Multiclavula delicata'' *''Multiclavula hastula'' *'' Multiclavula ichthyiformis'' – Costa Rica *''Multiclavula mucida'' *'' Multiclavula petricola'' – Japan *''Multiclavula pogonati'' *''Multiclavula samuelsii'' – New Zealand *''Multiclavula sharpii'' *''Multiclavula vernalis'' Several species once classified in ''Multiclavula'' have since been transferred to other genera. These include: *''Multiclavula afflata'' = ''Lentaria afflata'' *''Multiclavula akagerae'' = ''Ertzia akagerae'' *''Mult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clavulina Coralloides
''Clavulina cristata'', commonly known as the white coral fungus or the crested coral fungus, is a white- or light-colored edible coral mushroom present in temperate areas of the Americas and Europe. It is the type species of the genus ''Clavulina''. The commonly used species name ''cristata'' was coined in 1790 by Danish mycologist Theodor Holmskjold (as ''Ramaria cristata''). However, Linnaeus described apparently the same fungus as ''Clavaria coralloides'' in Species plantarum in 1753. Therefore, according to the '' International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'', the name ''Clavulina coralloides'' should be used in preference to ''Clavulina cristata'',See Kuo, M. (2007, April) the MushroomExpert.Com Web site entry although the latter name is in more common use. Description Fruit bodies, which are generally white- to cream-colored, can be up to tall, and broad. The coral "arms" are sparingly branched (3–4 times), 2–4 mm wide, smooth, and so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistic
Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics (synapomorphies'')'' that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a ' grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenicolous Fungi
A lichenicolous fungus is a parasitic fungus that only lives on lichen as the host. A lichenicolous fungus is not the same as the fungus that is the component of the lichen, which is known as a lichenized fungus. They are most commonly specific to a given fungus as the host, but they also include a wide range of pathogens, saprotrophs, and commensals. It is estimated there are 3000 species of lichenicolous fungi. More than 1800 species are already described among the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Lichenicolous Fungi: Interactions, Evolution, and Biodiversity, Lawrey, James D.; Diederich, Paul. The Bryologist 106(1), pp. 80 120, 2003/ref> More than 95% of lichenicolous fungi described as of 2003 are ascomycetes, in 7 classes and 19 orders. Although basidiomycetes have less than 5% of lichenicolous lichen species, they represent 4 classes and 8 orders. Many lichenicolous species have yet to be assigned a phylogenetic position as of 2003. See also * List of lichenicolous fungi o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DNA Sequences
A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases signified by a series of a set of five different letters that indicate the order of nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule. By convention, sequences are usually presented from the 5' end to the 3' end. For DNA, the sense strand is used. Because nucleic acids are normally linear (unbranched) polymers, specifying the sequence is equivalent to defining the covalent structure of the entire molecule. For this reason, the nucleic acid sequence is also termed the primary structure. The sequence has capacity to represent information. Biological deoxyribonucleic acid represents the information which directs the functions of an organism. Nucleic acids also have a secondary structure and tertiary structure. Primary structure is sometimes mistakenly referred to as ''primary sequence''. Conversely, there is no parallel concept of secondary or tertiary sequence. Nucleotides Nucleic acids consis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sistotrema
''Sistotrema'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hydnaceae. The genus contains at least 55 species and has a worldwide distribution. The type species is ''Sistotrema confluens'' Pers. (1794). Ecology The genus includes both terricolous and lignicolous species. Most species of ''Sistotrema'' are white rotting saprotrophs which often occur on highly decayed wood and on bark of attached, dead branches, but endophytic and ectomycorrhizal nutritional modes also exist in some species. ''Sistotrema confluens'' is ectomycorrhizal and ''S. alboluteum'', ''S. muscicola'' and ''S. albopallescens'' are suspected of being so. In the genus only ''S. confluens'' and ''S. subconfluens'' are known to grow on soil. Basidiocarps of ''Sistotrema'' generally start spore production very early. Morphology Only the type species ''S. confluens'', and ''S. subconfluens'', form stipitate basidiocarps while all other species in the genus form resupinate, corticioid basidiocarps. There is large var ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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