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Chashi
is the Japanese term for the hilltop fortifications of the Ainu. The word is of Ainu origin, from チャシ (''casi'', ), which means palisade or palisaded compound; a rival theory relates this to the Korean term 잣 (''cas'', ''jat'', ) of roughly the same meaning. Over 520 ''chashi'' have been identified in Hokkaidō, mostly in the eastern regions of the island; others are known from southern Sakhalin and the Kurils; similar phenomena such as the ''ostrogu'' of Kamchatka and the ''gorodische'' of northeast Asia may have developed independently. A few, including the Tōya ''casi'' of present-day Kushiro, date to the Muromachi period; the remainder date largely to the early seventeenth century. As such their construction may be related to increased competition for resources as a result of "intensification of trade" with the Japanese. Form The early Dutch explorer Maarten Gerritsz Vries described the ''chashi'' he encountered in eastern Hokkaidō in 1643:These forts were made a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katsuragaoka Chashi
in Abashiri, Hokkaidō, Japan, was an Ainu chashi, or a fortified settlement. Occupying an elevated site overlooking the Sea of Okhotsk, the natural changes in elevation of the two mounds upon the plateau were ideal for a fortification. The defensive capability was augmented by the addition of moats. The site is also known as . It is now a historical site open to the public and has been designated a national Historic Site. See also * List of Historic Sites of Japan (Hokkaidō) * List of Cultural Properties of Japan - archaeological materials (Hokkaidō) * Abashiri City Folk Museum opened as in Abashiri, Hokkaidō, Japan in 1936, making it one of the oldest museums on the island. When the museum opened, the collection comprised some three-thousand archaeological and ethnographic objects collected by , including items from ... * Yukuepira Chashi References {{reflist Castles in Hokkaido Abashiri, Hokkaido Archaeological sites in Japan Chashi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kushiro, Hokkaidō
is a city in Kushiro Subprefecture on the island of Hokkaido, Japan. It serves as the subprefecture's capital and it is the most populated city in the eastern part of the island. Geography Mountains * Mount Oakan * Mount Meakan * Mount Akan-Fuji Rivers * Kushiro River * Akan River * Shitakara River Lakes * Lake Akan * Lake Harutori * Lake Panketō * Lake Penketō * Lake Shunkushitakara National Parks * Kushiro-shitsugen National Park * Akan National Park Climate Kushiro has a humid continental climate (''Dfb'') but its winter temperatures are less severe than those of inland East Asia at the same latitude. Its port is the most reliably ice-free throughout winter in all of Hokkaido, due to the lack of indentation in the coastline and absence of large inflows of cold fresh water nearby. It is also markedly sunnier than the extremely gloomy Kuril Islands to its north, being sheltered by Hokkaido's mountains from the heavy snowfalls produced on the Sea of Japan side by the Ale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maarten Gerritsz Vries
Maarten Gerritszoon Vries, or Fries, also referred to as de Vries, (18 February 1589, Harlingen, Netherlands – late 1647, at sea near Manila) was a 17th-century Dutch cartographer and explorer, the first Western European to leave an account of his visit to Ezo, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and the Sea of Okhotsk. Not much is known about the life of de Vries. He was probably born in Harlingen, Netherlands, in 1589 and spent many years in Taiwan. He is best remembered for his 1643 expedition to the north-western Pacific Ocean to discover the coast of Tartaria, on account of Anthony van Diemen, the governor in Batavia. This was the second expedition to look for legendary gold and silver islands in the Pacific, which nobody had discovered, after a failed expedition in 1639 under command of Matthijs Quast. De Vries expedition The two ships, the ''Castricum'' under De Vries and the ''Breskens'' under Hendrick Cornelisz Schaep left Batavia, the capital of Dutch Java, in February 1643. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urakawa District, Hokkaidō
is a district located in Hidaka Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of 2004, the district has an estimated population of 15,986 and a density Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is the substance's mass per unit of volume. The symbol most often used for density is ''ρ'' (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter ''D'' can also be used. Mathematical ... of 23.03 persons per km2. The total area is 694.23 km2. Towns and villages * Urakawa Districts in Hokkaido {{Hokkaido-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shizunai River
is a river in Shinhidaka, Hokkaidō, Japan. The Shizunai River drains from the Hidaka Mountains into the Pacific Ocean. Etymology The Shizunai River was known as Shibuchari and Shibechari. This name was derived from ''Shipe-ichan'', meaning "a salmon spawning place" in Ainu.Nippon-Kichi 静内川 Shizunai-gawa The Shizunai River, last access 26 May 2008 The name Shizunai is derived from the Ainu language and has three possible sources:, * ''Shiputnai'' – A marsh at the origin of the Ainu. * ''Shuttonai'' – A marsh with many grapes. * ''Shutnai'' – A river at the foot of a mountain. Course The Shizunai River flows generally southwest from its headwaters in the Hidaka mountains at the confluence of the[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iomante
, sometimes written as , is an Ainu ceremony in which a brown bear is sacrificed. The word literally means "to send something/someone off". In some Ainu villages, it is a Blakiston's fish owl, rather than a bear, that is the subject of the ceremony. In Japanese, the ceremony is known as or, sometimes, . In the modern day, the ceremony no longer involves the killing of an animal, but is performed for wild animals that die in accidents or captive animals that die of old age. Practice Trappers set out to the bear caves at the end of winter, while the bears are still in a state of torpor. If they find a newborn cub, they kill the mother and take the cub back to the village, where they raise it indoors, as if it were one of their own children. It is said that they even provide the cub with their own breast milk. When the cub grows larger, they take it outdoors, and put it into a small pen made of logs. Throughout their lives, the bears are provided with high-quality food. The cubs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charismatic Authority
Charismatic authority is a concept of leadership developed by the German sociologist Max Weber. It involves a type of organization or a type of leadership in which authority derives from the charisma of the leader. This stands in contrast to two other types of authority: legal authority and traditional authority. Each of the three types forms part of Max Weber's tripartite classification of authority. "Charisma" is an ancient Greek term that initially gained prominence through Saint Paul's letters to the emerging Christian communities in the first century. In this context, it generally referred to a divinely-originating "gift" that demonstrated the authority of God within the early leaders of the Church. Max Weber took this theological notion and generalized it, viewing it as something that followers attribute, thereby opening it up for use by sociologists who applied it to political, military, celebrity, and non-Christian religious contexts. Other terms used are "charismatic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sake
Sake, also spelled saké ( ; also referred to as Japanese rice wine), is an alcoholic beverage of Japanese origin made by fermenting rice that has been polished to remove the bran. Despite the name ''Japanese rice wine'', sake, and indeed any East Asian rice wine (such as huangjiu and cheongju), is produced by a brewing process more akin to that of beer, where starch is converted into sugars which ferment into alcohol, whereas in wine, alcohol is produced by fermenting sugar that is naturally present in fruit, typically grapes. The brewing process for sake differs from the process for beer, where the conversion from starch to sugar and then from sugar to alcohol occurs in two distinct steps. Like other rice wines, when sake is brewed, these conversions occur simultaneously. The alcohol content differs between sake, wine, and beer; while most beer contains 3–9% ABV, wine generally contains 9–16% ABV, and undiluted sake contains 18–20% ABV (although this is often ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Sword
A is one of several types of traditionally made swords from Japan. Bronze swords were made as early as the Yayoi period (1000 BC – 300 AD), though most people generally refer to the curved blades made from the Heian period (794 – 1185) to the present day when speaking of "Japanese swords". There are many types of Japanese swords that differ by size, shape, field of application and method of manufacture. Some of the more commonly known types of Japanese swords are the '' katana'', '' tachi'', '' odachi'', ''wakizashi'', and ''tantō''. Classification Classification by shape and usage In modern times the most commonly known type of Japanese sword is the ''Shinogi-Zukuri'' '' katana'', which is a single-edged and usually curved longsword traditionally worn by samurai from the 15th century onwards. Western historians have said that Japanese katana were among the finest cutting weapons in world military history, for their intended use. Other types of Japanese swords ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Ceramics
, is one of the oldest Japanese crafts and Japanese art, art forms, dating back to the Neolithic period. Kilns have produced earthenware, pottery, stoneware, Ceramic glaze, glazed pottery, glazed stoneware, porcelain, and Blue and white porcelain, blue-and-white ware. Japan has an exceptionally long and successful history of ceramic production. Earthenwares were made as early as the Jōmon period (10,500–300BC), giving Japan one of the oldest ceramic traditions in the world. Japan is further distinguished by the unusual esteem that ceramics holds within its artistic tradition, owing to the enduring popularity of the Japanese tea ceremony, tea ceremony. Japanese ceramic history records distinguished many potter names, and some were artist-potters, e.g. Hon'ami Kōetsu, Ogata Kenzan, and Aoki Mokubei.Henry Trubner 1972, p. 18. Japanese anagama kilns also have flourished through the ages, and their influence weighs with that of the potters. Another characteristically Japanese a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
