|
Cao Cao
Cao Cao () (; 155 – 15 March 220), courtesy name Mengde (), was a Chinese statesman, warlord and poet. He was the penultimate grand chancellor of the Eastern Han dynasty, and he amassed immense power in the dynasty's final years. As one of the central figures of the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao laid the foundations for what became the state of Cao Wei, and he was posthumously honoured as "Emperor Wu of Wei", despite the fact that he never officially proclaimed himself Emperor of China or Son of Heaven. Cao Cao remains a controversial historical figure—he is often portrayed as a cruel and merciless tyrant in literature, but he has also been praised as a brilliant ruler, military genius, and great poet possessing unrivalled charisma, who treated his subordinates like family. During the fall of the Eastern Han dynasty, Cao Cao was able to secure most of northern China—which was at the time the most populated and developed part of China. Cao Cao was also very successfu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao (Chinese Surname)
Cao is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname (''Cáo''). It is listed 26th in the Song-era '' Hundred Family Surnames'' poem. Cao is romanized as "Tsao" in Wade-Giles (Ts'ao), which is widely adopted in Taiwan, although the apostrophe is often omitted in practice. It is romanized "Cho", "Tso", and "Chaw" in Cantonese; "Chou", "Chô", and "Chháu" in Hokkien; and "Chau", "Chow" in Teochew.The Vietnamese surname based on it is now written " Tào". It is romanized "Zau" or "Dzau" in Shanghainese. Distribution Cao is the 30th-most-common surname in mainland China as of 2019 and the 58th-most-common surname on Taiwan. In the United States, the romanization Cao is a fairly common surname, ranked 7,425th during the 1990 census but 2,986th during the year 2000 census. It is one of the few Chinese surnames whose pinyin transcription is already more common than other variants. The Wade transcription Tsao was only ranked 16,306th during the 1990 census and 12,580th during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Dowager Bian
Lady Bian (29 January 161According to the ''Book of Wei'' by Wang Chen et al., Lady Bian was born on the ''jisi'' day of the 12th month of the 3rd year of the ''Yanxi'' era of the reign of Emperor Huan of Han. ((后以汉延熹三年十二月己巳生...) ''Wei Shu'' annotation in ''Sanguozhi'', vol.05.) However, this is likely to be an error as there is no ''jisi'' day in the 12th month of the 3rd year of the ''Yanxi'' era. There is a ''yisi'' (乙巳) day in that month, and the date corresponds to 29 Jan 161 in the proleptic Gregorian calender. – 9 July 230), also known as Empress Dowager Bian or Grand Empress Dowager Bian, formally known as Empress Wuxuan, was an empress dowager and later grand empress dowager of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She was the wife of Cao Cao, a warlord who rose to power in the late Eastern Han dynasty and laid the foundation of Wei. She bore Cao Cao's successor, Cao Pi, who ended the Han Dynasty and founded We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Jun (Prince Of Chenliu)
Cao Jun (died August or September 259), courtesy name Zi'an, was a prince of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a son of Cao Cao, a warlord who rose to prominence towards the end of the Han dynasty and laid the foundation for the Cao Wei state. His mother was Lady Qin (秦夫人), a concubine of Cao Cao. She also bore Cao Cao another son, Cao Xuan. Cao Jun was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Mei (郿侯) in 216 during the reign of Emperor Xian in the Eastern Han dynasty. His marquisate was changed to Xiangyi County (襄邑縣; present-day Sui County, Shangqiu, Henan) in the following year. In 221, a year after Cao Jun's elder half-brother Cao Pi ended the Han dynasty and established the state of Cao Wei, Cao Jun was promoted from a marquis to a duke. In 222, he received the title "Prince of Chenliu" (陳留王). Two years later, his princedom was changed from Chenliu (陳留; around present-day Kaifeng, Henan) to Xiangyi County. In 232, during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Xuan (Cao Cao's Son)
Cao Xuan (died c. 215) was a son of Cao Cao, a warlord who rose to power in the late Eastern Han dynasty and laid the foundation for the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. His mother was Lady Qin (秦夫人), a concubine of Cao Cao. She also bore Cao Cao another son, Cao Jun. He was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Xi District (西鄉侯) in 211 by Emperor Xian, the last emperor of the Han dynasty. He died sometime before or in 215, and had no son to succeed him. In 215, Emperor Xian designated Cao Zan (曹贊), a son of Cao Xuan's half-brother Cao Lin, as Cao Xuan's heir. Like Cao Xuan before him, Cao Zan also died early without a son to succeed him. Around 220, after Cao Xuan's half-brother Cao Pi usurped the throne from Emperor Xian and became the first emperor of the Cao Wei state, he designated Cao Zan's younger brother, Cao Yi (曹壹), as Cao Zan's successor. In 221, Cao Yi was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Jiyang (濟陽侯). Two years later, he was promo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Gun
Cao Gun (died 1 November 235) was an imperial prince of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. Early life under the Han dynasty Cao Gun was a son of Cao Cao, a warlord who rose to prominence towards the end of the Han dynasty and laid the foundation for the Cao Wei state. His mother was Lady Du (杜夫人), a concubine of Cao Cao. She also bore Cao Lin. Cao Gun was enfeoffed as the "Marquis of Ping District" (平鄉侯) in 216 by Emperor Xian, the figurehead emperor of the Han dynasty. As a youth, he was known for being studious and diligent. He could already write essays when he was about nine years old. Every time when he was reading and writing, his attendants were worried that he would stress himself out and fall sick, so they advised him to rest more. However, Cao Gun continued to read and write tirelessly because he enjoyed doing so. In 217, Emperor Xian changed Cao Gun's title first to "Marquis of Dong District" (東鄉侯) and later to "Marquis of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Lin (Prince Of Pei)
Cao Lin (died 11 March 256) was a prince of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a son of Cao Cao, a warlord who rose to prominence towards the end of the Han dynasty and laid the foundation for the Cao Wei state. His mother was Lady Du (杜夫人), a concubine of Cao Cao. She also bore Cao Cao another son, Cao Gun. In 211, Emperor Xian, the last emperor of the Han dynasty, enfeoffed Cao Lin as the Marquis of Raoyang (饒陽侯). In 217, Cao Lin's title was changed to "Marquis of Qiao" (譙侯). In 221, a year after Cao Lin's half-brother Cao Pi usurped the throne from Emperor Xian and became the first emperor of the Cao Wei state, he enfeoffed Cao Lin as the Duke of Qiao (譙公). One year later, Cao Pi elevated Cao Lin from a duke to a prince under the title "Prince of Qiao" (譙王). In 226, he changed Cao Lin's title to "Prince of Juancheng" (鄄城王). In 232, Cao Pi's successor, Cao Rui, changed Cao Lin's title to "Prince of Pei" (沛王). Thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Yu (Three Kingdoms)
Cao Yu (before 211–278), courtesy name Pengzu, was a prince of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a son of Cao Cao, a warlord who rose to power towards the end of the Han dynasty and laid the foundation of Wei. Cao Yu's son, Cao Huan, was the fifth and last emperor of Wei. Life Cao Yu was a son of Cao Cao and his concubine Lady Huan (環夫人). He had two brothers who were also born to Lady Huan – Cao Chong and Cao Ju (曹據). He was enfeoffed as a Marquis of a Chief District (都鄉侯) in 211 during the reign of Emperor Xian of Han, Emperor Xian in the Eastern Han dynasty, and was promoted to a county marquis under the title "Marquis of Luyang" (魯陽侯) in 217. In 221, a year after Cao Yu's elder half-brother, Cao Pi, ended the Han dynasty and established the state of Cao Wei, Cao Yu became a duke, and was enfeoffed as the Prince of Xiapi (下邳王) in the following year. In 224, his princedom was changed from Xiapi (下邳; present ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Ju (Prince Of Pengcheng)
Cao Ju ( 220s – early 260s) was an imperial prince of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. Life Cao Ju was a son of Cao Cao, a warlord who rose to prominence towards the end of the Han dynasty and laid the foundation for the Cao Wei state. His mother was Lady Huan (環氏), a concubine of Cao Cao. He had two full brothers: Cao Chong (elder) and Cao Yu (younger). In 211, Cao Ju was enfeoffed as the "Marquis of Fanyang" (范陽侯) by Emperor Xian, the figurehead emperor of the Han dynasty under Cao Cao's control. In 217, his title was changed to "Marquis of Wan" (宛侯). In 220, following Cao Cao's death, Cao Ju's half-brother Cao Pi usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, ended the Han dynasty, and established the Cao Wei state with himself as the new emperor. Cao Pi first enfeoffed Cao Ju as a duke in 221, but promoted him to a prince under the title "Prince of Zhangling" (章陵王) in 222. Later in 222, he changed Cao Ju's title to "Prince of Yiyang" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Chong
Cao Chong (196–208), courtesy name Cangshu, was a son of Cao Cao, a warlord who rose to power towards the end of the Han dynasty and laid the foundation of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. A child prodigy, Cao Chong is best known for his ingenious method of weighing an elephant using the principle of buoyancy. He was considered by his father as a possible successor but died prematurely at the age of 12. Family background Cao Chong was the eldest son of Cao Cao and his concubine Lady Huan (環夫人). He had two younger brothers: Cao Ju and Cao Yu. He was a child prodigy and, according to the '' Records of the Three Kingdoms'', "possessed the intelligence of an adult" when he was around the age of five. Principle of buoyancy On one occasion, the southern warlord Sun Quan sent an elephant as a gift to Cao Cao. Cao Cao wanted to know the animal's weight so he asked his subordinates but no one could think of a method to measure the elephant's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Shuo (Cao Cao's Son)
Cao Shuo ( third century) was a son of Cao Cao, a warlord who rose to prominence towards the end of the Han dynasty and laid the foundation for the Cao Wei state during the Three Kingdoms period of China. His mother was Lady Liu (劉夫人), a concubine of Cao Cao. She also bore Cao Cao another son (Cao Ang) and a daughter (Princess Qinghe (清河公主)). He died sometime before the Cao Wei state was established in 220. In 229, the second Wei emperor, Cao Rui, honoured Cao Shuo with the posthumous title "Prince Shang of Xiang" (相殤王). In 233, Cao Rui designated Cao Shuo's son, Cao Qian (曹潛), as the Prince of Xiang (相王), but Cao Qian died in the same year and was posthumously honoured as "Prince Min of Xiang" (相愍王). In 234, Cao Rui designated Cao Yan (曹偃), Cao Qian's son, as the new Prince of Xiang and granted him a princedom containing 2,500 taxable households. Cao Yan died in 236 and was posthumously honoured as "Prince Huai of Xiang" (相懷王). Since Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Xiong
Cao Xiong (fl. 220s) was a son of Cao Cao, a warlord who rose to power towards the end of the Han dynasty and laid the foundation of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. Not much was recorded in history about Cao Xiong, except that he died at a relatively young age. His mother was Lady Bian, who also bore Cao Cao another three sons – Cao Pi, Cao Zhang and Cao Zhi. Cao Xiong was the youngest of the four. In 221, after Cao Pi ended the Han dynasty and established Wei, he granted Cao Chong the posthumous title "Duke Huai of Xiao" (蕭懷公). In 229, during the reign of Cao Pi's son Cao Rui, Cao Xiong was posthumously elevated to the status of a prince, so his posthumous title became "Prince Huai of Xiao" (蕭懷王). Succession In 234, Cao Xiong's son, Cao Bing (曹炳), was granted a princedom with 2,500 taxable households. The princedom was named "Xiao" (蕭), per Cao Xiong's posthumous title. Cao Bing died six years later and his princedom was abolis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Zhi
Cao Zhi (; ; 192 – 27 December 232), courtesy name Zijian (), posthumously known as Prince Si of Chen (陈思王), was a prince of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China, and an accomplished poet in his time. His style of poetry, greatly revered during the Jin dynasty and Southern and Northern Dynasties, came to be known as the ''Jian'an'' style. Cao Zhi was a son of Cao Cao, a warlord who rose to power towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty and laid the foundation for the state of Cao Wei. As Cao Zhi once engaged his elder brother Cao Pi in a power struggle to succeed their father, he was ostracised by his victorious brother after the latter became the emperor and established the Cao Wei state. In his later life, Cao Zhi was not allowed to meddle in politics, despite his many petitions to seek office. Early life Born in 192, Cao Zhi was the third son of the warlord Cao Cao and Lady Bian. According to the '' Records of the Three Kingdoms'' (''S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
