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C. R. Rao
Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao FRS (born 10 September 1920), commonly known as C. R. Rao, is an Indian-American mathematician and statistician. He is currently professor emeritus at Pennsylvania State University and Research Professor at the University at Buffalo. Rao has been honoured by numerous colloquia, honorary degrees, and festschrifts and was awarded the US National Medal of Science in 2002. The American Statistical Association has described him as "a living legend whose work has influenced not just statistics, but has had far reaching implications for fields as varied as economics, genetics, anthropology, geology, national planning, demography, biometry, and medicine." ''The Times of India'' listed Rao as one of the top 10 Indian scientists of all time. Rao is also a Senior Policy and Statistics advisor for the Indian Heart Association non-profit focused on raising South Asian cardiovascular disease awareness. Early life C. R. Rao was the eighth of the ten children b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Statistical Institute
Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) is a higher education and research institute which is recognized as an Institute of National Importance by the 1959 act of the Indian parliament. It grew out of the Statistical Laboratory set up by Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis in Presidency College, Kolkata. Established in 1931, this unique institution of India is one of the oldest institutions focused on statistics, and its early reputation led it to being adopted as a model for the first US institute of statistics set up at the Research Triangle, North Carolina by Gertrude Mary Cox. Mahalanobis, the founder of ISI, was deeply influenced by the wisdom and guidance of Rabindranath Tagore and Brajendranath Seal. Under his leadership, the institute initiated and promoted the interaction of statistics with natural and social sciences to advance the role of statistics as a key technology by explicating the twin aspectsits general applicability and its dependence on other disciplines for its own ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Debabrata Basu
Debabrata Basu (5 July 1924 – 24 March 2001) was an Indian statistician who made fundamental contributions to the foundations of statistics. Basu invented simple examples that displayed some difficulties of likelihood-based statistics and frequentist statistics; Basu's paradoxes were especially important in the development of survey sampling. In statistical theory, Basu's theorem established the independence of a complete sufficient statistic and an ancillary statistic. Page i in Basu was associated with the Indian Statistical Institute in India, and Florida State University in the United States.Page i in "Preface" to IMS festschrift. Biography Debabrata Basu was born in Dacca, Bengal, unpartitioned India, now Dhaka, Bangladesh. His father, N. M. Basu, was a mathematician specialising in number theory. Young Basu studied mathematics at Dacca University. He took a course in statistics as part of the under-graduate honours programme in Mathematics but his ambition wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guy Medal
The Guy Medals are awarded by the Royal Statistical Society in three categories; Gold, Silver and Bronze. The Silver and Bronze medals are awarded annually. The Gold Medal was awarded every three years between 1987 and 2011, but is awarded biennially as of 2019. They are named after William Guy. *The Guy Medal in Gold is awarded to fellows or others who are judged to have merited a signal mark of distinction by reason of their innovative contributions to the theory or application of statistics. *The Guy Medal in Silver is awarded to any fellow or, in exceptional cases, to two or more fellows in respect of a paper/papers of special merit communicated to the Society at its ordinary meetings, or in respect of a paper/papers published in any of the journals of the Society. General contributions to statistics may also be taken into account. *The Guy Medal in Bronze is awarded to fellows, or to non-fellows who are members of a section or a local group, in respect of a paper or papers rea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize For Science And Technology
The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology (SSB) is a science award in India given annually by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for notable and outstanding research, applied or fundamental, in biology, chemistry, environmental science, engineering, mathematics, medicine, and physics. The prize recognizes outstanding Indian work (according to the view of CSIR awarding committee) in science and technology Technology is the application of knowledge to reach practical goals in a specifiable and reproducible way. The word ''technology'' may also mean the product of such an endeavor. The use of technology is widely prevalent in medicine, scien .... It is the most coveted award in multidisciplinary science in India. The award is named after the founder Director of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar. It was first awarded in 1958. Any citizen of India engaged in research in any field of science ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Medal Of Science
The National Medal of Science is an honor bestowed by the President of the United States to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of behavioral and social sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and physics. The twelve member presidential Committee on the National Medal of Science is responsible for selecting award recipients and is administered by the National Science Foundation (NSF). History The National Medal of Science was established on August 25, 1959, by an act of the Congress of the United States under . The medal was originally to honor scientists in the fields of the "physical, biological, mathematical, or engineering sciences". The Committee on the National Medal of Science was established on August 23, 1961, by executive order 10961 of President John F. Kennedy. On January 7, 1979, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) passed a resolution prop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padma Vibhushan
The Padma Vibhushan ("Lotus Decoration") is the second-highest civilian award of the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "exceptional and distinguished service". All persons without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex are eligible for these awards. However, government servants including those working with PSUs, except doctors and scientists, are not eligible for these Awards. , the award has been bestowed on 325 individuals, including nineteen posthumous and twenty-one non-citizen recipients. During 1 May and 15 September of every year, the recommendations for the award are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee, constituted by the Prime Minister of India. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, the Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and previous Padma Vibhushan award recipients, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Score Test
In statistics, the score test assesses constraints on statistical parameters based on the gradient of the likelihood function—known as the ''score''—evaluated at the hypothesized parameter value under the null hypothesis. Intuitively, if the restricted estimator is near the maximum of the likelihood function, the score should not differ from zero by more than sampling error. While the finite sample distributions of score tests are generally unknown, they have an asymptotic χ2-distribution under the null hypothesis as first proved by C. R. Rao in 1948, a fact that can be used to determine statistical significance. Since function maximization subject to equality constraints is most conveniently done using a Lagrangean expression of the problem, the score test can be equivalently understood as a test of the magnitude of the Lagrange multipliers associated with the constraints where, again, if the constraints are non-binding at the maximum likelihood, the vector of Lagrange mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthogonal Array
In mathematics, an orthogonal array is a "table" (array) whose entries come from a fixed finite set of symbols (typically, ), arranged in such a way that there is an integer ''t'' so that for every selection of ''t'' columns of the table, all ordered ''t''-tuples of the symbols, formed by taking the entries in each row restricted to these columns, appear the same number of times. The number ''t'' is called the ''strength'' of the orthogonal array. Here is a simple example of an orthogonal array with symbol set and strength 2: :: Notice that the four ordered pairs (2-tuples) formed by the rows restricted to the first and third columns, namely (1,1), (2,1), (1,2) and (2,2), are all the possible ordered pairs of the two element set and each appears exactly once. The second and third columns would give, (1,1), (2,1), (2,2) and (1,2); again, all possible ordered pairs each appearing once. The same statement would hold had the first and second columns been used. This is thus an orthogon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rao–Blackwell Theorem
In statistics, the Rao–Blackwell theorem, sometimes referred to as the Rao–Blackwell–Kolmogorov theorem, is a result which characterizes the transformation of an arbitrarily crude estimator into an estimator that is optimal by the mean-squared-error criterion or any of a variety of similar criteria. The Rao–Blackwell theorem states that if ''g''(''X'') is any kind of estimator of a parameter θ, then the conditional expectation of ''g''(''X'') given ''T''(''X''), where ''T'' is a sufficient statistic, is typically a better estimator of θ, and is never worse. Sometimes one can very easily construct a very crude estimator ''g''(''X''), and then evaluate that conditional expected value to get an estimator that is in various senses optimal. The theorem is named after Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao and David Blackwell. The process of transforming an estimator using the Rao–Blackwell theorem can be referred to as Rao–Blackwellization. The transformed estimator is called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cramér–Rao Bound
In estimation theory and statistics, the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) expresses a lower bound on the variance of unbiased estimators of a deterministic (fixed, though unknown) parameter, the variance of any such estimator is at least as high as the inverse of the Fisher information. Equivalently, it expresses an upper bound on the precision (the inverse of variance) of unbiased estimators: the precision of any such estimator is at most the Fisher information. The result is named in honor of Harald Cramér and C. R. Rao, but has independently also been derived by Maurice Fréchet, Georges Darmois, as well as Alexander Aitken and Harold Silverstone. An unbiased estimator that achieves this lower bound is said to be (fully) '' efficient''. Such a solution achieves the lowest possible mean squared error among all unbiased methods, and is therefore the minimum variance unbiased (MVU) estimator. However, in some cases, no unbiased technique exists which achieves the bound. This may o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sreenivasa Rao Jammalamadaka
Sreenivasa Rao Jammalamadaka, also known as J.S. Rao, is a statistician specializing in directional statistics, Goodness of fit tests, Spacings, and aspects of large sample efficiencies and inference. He was born in Munipalle, Andhra Pradesh, India, and currently is a naturalized US citizen. He now resides and works at the University of California, Santa Barbara as a Distinguished Professor in Statistics. He is known for his important contributions to circular statistics and to tests and estimation based on spacings. Life and career J.S. Rao was educated for a year at the YRS and VRN College in Chirala, followed by the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata (B. Stat.1964, M.Stat. 1965, and Ph.D. 1969), where he received education from notable professors including P.C. Mahalanobis, C. R. Rao, J.B.S. Haldane, and D. Basu. He held academic positions at the Indiana University, Bloomington and the University of Wisconsin, Madison, before settling at the University of California, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
