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Braconidae
The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. After the closely related Ichneumonidae, braconids make up the second-largest family in the order Hymenoptera, with about 17,000 recognized species and many thousands more undescribed. One analysis estimated a total between 30,000 and 50,000, and another provided a narrower estimate between 42,000 and 43,000 species. Classification The Braconidae are currently divided into about 47 subfamilies and over 1000 genera, which include ''Aerophilus'', ''Aleiodes'', ''Apanteles'', ''Asobara'', '' Bracon'', '' Cenocoelius'', '' Chaenusa'', '' Chorebus'', ''Cotesia'', '' Dacnusa'', '' Diachasma'', ''Microgaster'', ''Opius'', ''Parapanteles'', '' Phaenocarpa'', ''Spathius'', and ''Syntretus.'' These fall into two major groups, informally called the cyclostomes and noncyclostomes. In cyclostome braconids, the labrum and the lower part of the clypeus are concave with respect to the upper clypeus and the dorsal margin of the mandibles. Thes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braconid Kibale 150728
The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. After the closely related Ichneumonidae, braconids make up the second-largest family in the order Hymenoptera, with about 17,000 recognized species and many thousands more undescribed. One analysis estimated a total between 30,000 and 50,000, and another provided a narrower estimate between 42,000 and 43,000 species. Classification The Braconidae are currently divided into about 47 subfamilies and over 1000 genera, which include '' Aerophilus'', ''Aleiodes'', '' Apanteles'', '' Asobara'', '' Bracon'', '' Cenocoelius'', '' Chaenusa'', '' Chorebus'', ''Cotesia'', '' Dacnusa'', '' Diachasma'', '' Microgaster'', ''Opius'', '' Parapanteles'', '' Phaenocarpa'', ''Spathius'', and ''Syntretus.'' These fall into two major groups, informally called the cyclostomes and noncyclostomes. In cyclostome braconids, the labrum and the lower part of the clypeus are concave with respect to the upper clypeus and the dorsal margin of the mandib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bracon (genus)
''Bracon'' is a genus of wasps in the Braconidae, a family of parasitoid wasps. There are several hundred described species but there are thousands still undescribed.Ameri, A., et al. (2013)Study of the genus ''Bracon'' Fabricius, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Southern Iran with description of a new species.''Zootaxa'' 3754(4), 353-80. The genus is cosmopolitan, distributed throughout the world, with most of the described species occurring in the Palearctic realm. These wasps are mostly ectoparasitoids, with the larvae developing on the outside of the body of the host. Recorded hosts include the larvae of many species of lepidopterans, beetles, flies, hymenopterans, and true bugs. They are idiobionts, halting the development of the host when they lay eggs on its body. Some ''Bracon'' wasps are specific to one host species, and some are known to utilize many different hosts.Žikić, V., et al. (2012)Checklist of the genus ''Bracon'' (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Serbia. ''Biol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphidiinae
The Aphidiinae are a subfamily of tiny parasitoid wasps that use aphids as their hosts. Several species have been used in biological control programs of various aphids. Biology and distribution Aphidiines are koinobiont endoparasitoids of adult and immature aphids. While the larva of the 2–3 mm long '' Praon'' leaves the hollowed shell of the aphid from below to pupate in a volcano-like cocoon, most other Aphidiinae pupate inside the dead aphid and break out afterwards. These wasps are found worldwide, but are primarily found in the northern hemisphere. Several species have been introduced to countries outside of their natural range, both accidentally and purposefully for biocontrol. Systematics Although they have often been treated as a separate family, the Aphidiidae, the Aphidiinae are a lineage within the Braconidae. It is not yet clear to which braconid subfamilies they are most closely related. The Aphidiinae are subdivided into several tribes, the Ephedrini, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parapanteles
''Parapanteles'' is a genus of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. After the closely related Ichneumonidae, braconids make up the second-largest family in the order Hymenoptera, with about 17,000 recognized species and many thousands more undescribed. One analysis .... There are more than 60 described species in ''Parapanteles'', found throughout most of the world. Species These 62 species belong to the genus ''Parapanteles'': * '' Parapanteles aethiopicus'' (Wilkinson, 1931) * '' Parapanteles aletiae'' (Riley, 1881) * '' Parapanteles alternatus'' (Papp, 1973) * '' Parapanteles arka'' Gupta, 2014 * '' Parapanteles aso'' (Nixon, 1967) * '' Parapanteles atellae'' (Wilkinson, 1932) * '' Parapanteles athamasae'' Gupta, Khot & Chorge, 2014 * '' Parapanteles bagicha'' (Narayanan & Subba Rao, 1961) * '' Parapanteles cleo'' (Nixon, 1967) * '' Parapanteles complexus'' Valerio & Janzen, 2009 * '' Parapanteles continuus'' Valerio & Whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asobara
''Asobara'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps in the family Braconidae. The genus is best known for the ''Drosophila'' parasitoid ''Asobara tabida'', which is notable as both a model for parasitoid wasp infection in insects, and also as a representative of the hologenome theory of evolution. ''Asobara tabida'' is commensally infected with ''Wolbachia'', and cannot reproduce in the absence of ''Wolbachia'' infection. As such, the genome of ''Asobara'' is directly tied to the genome of its commensal ''Wolbachia'' symbiont, and the two are considered to have a hologenome The hologenome theory of evolution recasts the individual animal or plant (and other multicellular organisms) as a community or a " holobiont" – the host plus all of its symbiotic microbes. Consequently, the collective genomes of the holobiont fo .... References Further reading * *Rolff, J., and A. R. Kraaijeveld. "Host preference and survival in selected lines of a ''Drosophila'' parasitoid, ''Asobara tabida' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acampsohelconinae
The Acampsohelconinae are a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. Extant members of this subfamily were previously included in the Helconinae, Blacinae, or Sigalphinae. The four genera included are †'' Acampsohelcon'', '' Afrocampsis'', '' Canalicephalus'', and '' Urosigalphus''. Description and distribution Acampsohelconinae are non-cyclostome braconids with a carapace covering the metasoma. The outer hind tarsal claws are modified and much larger than the midtarsal claws. ''Canalicephalus'' has an Indo-Australian distribution, ''Afrocampsis'' has an Afrotropical distribution, and ''Urosigalphus'' is found mostly in the New World with one species found in Japan. Biology Hosts and habits of most Acampsohelconinae are unknown, but members of ''Urosigalphus'' are parasitoids of seed feeding beetle grubs in the Bruchidae and Curculionidae The Curculionidae are a family of weevils, commonly called snout beetles or true weevils. They are one of the largest animal f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microgaster
''Microgaster'' is a genus of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae The Braconidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. After the closely related Ichneumonidae, braconids make up the second-largest family in the order Hymenoptera, with about 17,000 recognized species and many thousands more undescribed. One analysis .... There are more than 100 described species in ''Microgaster'', found throughout most of the world. See also * List of Microgaster species References Further reading * * * * Microgastrinae {{ichneumonoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spathius
''Spathius'' is a genus of doryctine wasps. The larvae of this genus of wasps feed on beetle larvae. They act as controllers of the parasitic ''Hylurgopinus rufipes ''Hylurgopinus rufipes'', known as the native elm bark beetle, is a species of elm bark beetles in the tribe Hylesinini (crenulate bark beetles). It is found in Canada and the United States. It is of particular importance as a vector of Dutch elm ...''. References * Belokobylskij, S.A.; Austin, A.D. 2013: New species of flightless doryctine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) from Australia and New Zealand. Australian journal of entomology, 52(4), pages 338–355, * Belokobylskij & Maeto 2009: Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Japan. Volume 1. Natura optima dux Foundation, Warszawa, 2009, pages 1–806 * Belokobylskij, S.A.; Samartsev, K.G. 2014: Palaearctic species of the Spathius exarator species group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) with entirely sculptured mesopleuron. Zootax ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apanteles
''Apanteles'' is a very large genus of braconid wasps, containing more than 600 described species found worldwide. There are no native species in New Zealand, and none have been recorded in the high arctic. See also * List of Apanteles species These 635 species belong to the genus ''Apanteles'', braconid wasps. ''Apanteles'' species * '' Apanteles abdera'' Nixon, 1965 * '' Apanteles abditus'' Muesebeck, 1957 * '' Apanteles acoris'' Nixon, 1965 * '' Apanteles acutissimus'' Granger, 19 ... References Further reading * * * Microgastrinae Braconidae genera {{Ichneumonoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aerophilus
''Aerophilus'' is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Braconidae. As members of the subfamily Agathidinae, they are koinobiont endoparasitoids of caterpillars. The host is attacked as an early instar, but not consumed and killed until the host is about to pupate. Nearly all species of ''Aerophilus'' have a narrow host range, attacking only one caterpillar species. However, the host range of the genus as a whole is quite broad, including many families of Lepidoptera.Sharkey MJ, Chapman EG. 2016. Revision of ''Aerophilus'' Szépligeti (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae) from eastern North America, with a key to the Nearctic species. ''Contributions in Science'' 524: 51-110. Several species have been used in biological control Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests, such as insects, mites, weeds, and plant diseases, using other organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotesia
''Cotesia'' is a genus of braconid wasps first described by Peter Cameron in 1891. Some species parasitize caterpillars of species considered pests, and are used as biocontrol agents. ''Cotesia congregata'' parasitizes the tomato and the tobacco hornworms. '' C. glomerata'' and '' C. rubecula'' feed on the cabbage white and other white butterfly caterpillars. '' C. gonopterygis'' and '' C. risilis'' are host-specific and parasitize the common brimstone.Lozan, Aurel; Spitzer, Karel; Jaroš, Josef (2012-06-01)"Isolated peat bog habitats and their food connections: parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) and their lepidopteran hosts" ''Journal of Insect Conservation''. 16 (3): 391–397. ISSNbr>1366-638X doibr>10.1007/s10841-011-9425-4 The wasp '' C. melanoscelus'' parasitizes the caterpillar of the spongy moth. It, and the spongy moth, are native to Europe. The spongy moth is an invasive species in North America, and ''C. melanoscelus'' has been imported as a biocontrol of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agathidinae
Agathidinae is a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. Some species have been used in biological control programs. Description and distribution Agathidines are among the larger and more colorful braconids. Diurnal members of this subfamily often possess aposematic coloration. They belong to the noncyclostome group. They are found worldwide, but are more diverse in the tropics. Biology All Agathidinae are koinobiont endoparasitoids of caterpillars. Most attack concealed caterpillars, such as those that use silk to tie leaves together. Most are solitary, laying only one egg in each host caterpillar. Some species are nocturnal, with pale coloration and large ocelli. Genera Genera placed here include: * '' Agathirsia'' * ''Agathis ''Agathis'', commonly known as kauri or dammara, is a genus of 22 species of evergreen tree. The genus is part of the ancient conifer family Araucariaceae, a group once widespread during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, but now la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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