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Bourges
Bourges () is a commune in central France on the river Yèvre. It is the capital of the department of Cher, and also was the capital city of the former province of Berry. History The name of the commune derives either from the Bituriges, the name of the original inhabitants, or from the Germanic word '' Burg'' (French: ''bourg''; Spanish: ''burgo''; English, others: '' burgh'', ''berg'', or '' borough''), for "hill" or "village". The Celts called it ''Avaricon''; Latin-speakers: ''Avaricum''. In the fourth century BC, as in the time of Caesar, the area around it was the center of a Gallic (Celtic) confederacy. In 52 BC, the sixth year of the Gallic Wars, while the Gauls implemented a scorched-earth policy to try to deny Caesar's forces supplies, the inhabitants of Avaricum begged not to have their town burned. It was temporarily spared due to its good defences provided by the surrounding marshes, by a river that nearly encircled it, and by a strong southern wall. Jul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bourges Cathedral
Bourges Cathedral (French: ''Cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Bourges'') is a Roman Catholic church located in Bourges, France. The cathedral is dedicated to Saint Stephen and is the seat of the Archbishop of Bourges. Built atop an earlier Romanesque church from 1195 until 1230, it is largely in the High Gothic architectural style and was constructed at about the same time as Chartres Cathedral. The cathedral is particularly known for the great size and unity of its interior, the sculptural decoration of its portals, and the large collection of 13th century stained glass windows. Owing to its quintessential Gothic architecture, the cathedral was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. History Earlier cathedrals The walled city of Avaricum, the capital of the Gallic tribe of the Bituriges, was conquered by Julius Caesar in 54 B.C. and became the capital of the Gallo-Roman province of Aquitaine. Christianity was brought by Saint Ursinus of Bourges in about 300 A.D.; He is con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Archdiocese Of Bourges
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bourges (Latin: ''Archidioecesis Bituricensis''; French: ''Archidiocèse de Bourges'') is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France. The Archdiocese comprises the departements of Cher and Indre in the Region of Val de Loire. Bourges Cathedral stands in the city of Bourges in the department of Cher. Although this is still titled as an Archdiocese, it ceased as a metropolitan see in 2002 and is now a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of Tours. In 2002 it lost its metropolitan function (and thus the archbishop no longer wears the pallium), its province having ceased to exist (the province had already been substantially modified from the late Roman province of Aquitania Prima with which it had initially corresponded - Albi had been erected as an archbishopric in the medieval context of heresiological conflict; Orléans, Chartres and Blois - historically dependent on Sens - had been attached to Paris, from which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Bourges (762)
The siege of Bourges was a Frankish siege of the Aquitanian fortress town of Bourges in 762 during the Aquitanian War. The Frankish army under King Pepin the Short invested the fort with lines of circumvallation, contravallation and siege engines. The walls were breached and the fort taken. Count Chunibert of Bourges swore his loyalty to Pepin along with his Gascon levies and their families. Pepin appointed several counts of his own to garrison the place and the Frankish army went on to besiege Thouars. Prelude After his conquest and devastation of Aquitanian Auvergne in 761, King Pepin the Short of Francia gathered his army and besieged Bourges in 762. The garrison, commanded by Count Chunibert of Bourges, included both Duke Waiofar of Aquitaine's men and Gascon levies with their families. Siege Pepin's army invested the fort on all sides with field fortifications and pillaged the surrounding countryside. Pepin then had a second line of fortifications built, either against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communauté D'agglomération Bourges Plus
The Communauté d'agglomération Bourges Plus is the ''communauté d'agglomération'', an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Bourges. It is located in the Cher department, in the Centre-Val de Loire region, central France. It was created 21 October 2002.CA Bourges Plus (N° SIREN : 241800507) BANATIC, accessed 6 April 2022. Its area is 417.3 km2. Its population was 102,679 in 2018, of which 64,668 in Bourges proper.Comparateur de territoire INSEE, accessed 6 April 2022. Composition The communauté d'agglomération co ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cher (department)
Cher (; ; Berrichon: ''Char'') is a department in the administrative region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is named after the river Cher. In 2019, it had a population of 302,306.Populations légales 2019: 18 Cher INSEE History Cher is one of the original 83 departments created during the on 4 March 1790. Most of it was created, along with the adjacent department of from the former province of |
Berry (province)
The Duchy of Berry (; ; ) was a former province located in central France. It was a province of France until departments replaced the provinces on 4 March 1790, when Berry became divided between the ''départements'' of Cher (Upper Berry) and Indre (Lower Berry). History Berry is notable as the birthplace of several kings and other members of the French royal family, and was the birthplace of the knight Baldwin Chauderon, who fought in the First Crusade. In the Middle Ages, Berry became the center of the Duchy of Berry's holdings. It is also known for an illuminated manuscript produced in the 14th–15th century called '' Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry''. In later times, the writer George Sand spent much of her life at her Berry estate in Nohant, and Berry's landscape and specific culture figure in much of Sand's writings. The Duchy was governed by the Duke/Duchess of Berry, who after 1601 was a senior member of the French royal family. The title of 'Duke of Ber ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bituriges Cubi
The Bituriges Cubi (Gaulish: ''Biturīges Cubi'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in a territory corresponding to the later province of Berry, which is named after them, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. They had a homonym tribe, the Bituriges Vivisci, in the Bordelais region, which could indicate a common origin, although there is no direct evidence of this. Name They are mentioned as ''Bituriges'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), ''Bitoúriges oi̔ Kou͂boi'' (Βιτούριγες οἱ Κοῦβοι) and ''Koúbois Bitoúrixi'' (Κούβοις Βιτούριξι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), ''Bituriges ... qui Cubi appellantur'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), and as ''Bitoúriges oi̔ Kou͂boi'' (Βιτούριγες οἱ Κοῦβοι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD). The Gaulish ethnonym ''Biturīges'' means 'kings of the world', or possibly 'perpetual kings'. It derives from the stem ''bitu-'' ('world', perhaps also 'perpetual'; cf. OIr. ''bith'' 'world, life, age', ''bith''- 'eter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ursinus Of Bourges
Saint Ursinus of Bourges (french: Ursin) (3rd or 4th century) is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church and is considered the first bishop of Bourges. Gregory of Tours' legendary account associated him with a Nathaniel, friend of Philip the Apostle, that he was present at the Last Supper, and read a lesson there. It also states that he was present at the martyrdom of Saint Stephen, and that Saint Peter sent him to Gaul as a missionary. Ursinus is not alone among founding bishops in France whose time of flourishing was moved back to the apostolic period, bolstering episcopal claims of primacy: as Hippolyte Delehaye writes, "To have lived amongst the Saviour's immediate following was...honorable...and accordingly old patrons of churches were identified with certain persons in the gospels or who were supposed to have had some part of Christ's life on earth." External linksSaints of November 9: Ursinus of Bourges Notes *Hippolyte Delehaye Hippolyte Delehaye, S.J., (19 Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yèvre (Cher)
The Yèvre () is a river in central France, a right tributary of the Cher. It is long. Its source is near the village of Gron, east of Bourges. The Yèvre flows generally west through the following towns, all in the department of Cher: Baugy, Avord, Saint-Germain-du-Puy, Bourges, Mehun-sur-Yèvre, and Vierzon. The Yèvre flows into the Cher at Vierzon. Its main tributaries are the Auron, the Airain, the Barangeon and the Colin. The Auron flows into the Yèvre in Bourges, the Airain in Savigny-en-Septaine. For part of its length, the Yèvre runs parallel to the disused Canal de Berry The Canal de Berry is a disused canal in France which links the Canal latéral à la Loire at Marseilles-lès-Aubigny with the Cher at Noyers rejoining the Loire near Tours. With a branch from Montluçon it provided of canal with locks wide .... References Rivers of France Rivers of Cher (department) Rivers of Centre-Val de Loire {{France-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaul
Gaul ( la, Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first described by the Romans. It was inhabited by Celtic and Aquitani tribes, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland, parts of Northern Italy (only during Republican era, Cisalpina was annexed in 42 BC to Roman Italy), and Germany west of the Rhine. It covered an area of . According to Julius Caesar, Gaul was divided into three parts: Gallia Celtica, Gallia Belgica, Belgica, and Gallia Aquitania, Aquitania. Archaeologically, the Gauls were bearers of the La Tène culture, which extended across all of Gaul, as well as east to Raetia, Noricum, Pannonia, and southwestern Germania during the 5th to 1st centuries BC. During the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, Gaul fell under Roman rule: Gallia Cisalpina was conquered in 204 BC and Gallia Narbonensis in 123 BC. Gaul was invaded after 120 BC by the Cimbri and the Teutons, who were in turn defeated by the Romans by 103 BC. Julius Caesar finally s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Departments Of France
In the administrative divisions of France, the department (french: département, ) is one of the three levels of government under the national level (" territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the communes. Ninety-six departments are in metropolitan France, and five are overseas departments, which are also classified as overseas regions. Departments are further subdivided into 332 arrondissements, and these are divided into cantons. The last two levels of government have no autonomy; they are the basis of local organisation of police, fire departments and, sometimes, administration of elections. Each department is administered by an elected body called a departmental council ( ing. lur.. From 1800 to April 2015, these were called general councils ( ing. lur.. Each council has a president. Their main areas of responsibility include the management of a number of social and welfare allowances, of junior high school () buildings and technical st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provinces Of France
The Kingdom of France was organised into provinces until the National Constituent Assembly adopted a more uniform division into departments (''départements'') and districts in late 1789. The provinces continued to exist administratively until 21 September 1791. The provinces of France were roughly equivalent to the historic counties of England. They came into their final form over the course of many hundreds of years, as many dozens of semi-independent fiefs and former independent countries came to be incorporated into the French royal domain. Because of the manner in which the provinces evolved, each had its own sets of feudal traditions, laws, taxation systems and courts; the system represented an impediment to effective administration of the entire country from Paris. During the early years of the French Revolution, in an attempt to centralise the administration of the whole country and to remove the influence of the French nobility over the country, the entirety of the provi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
