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Barrel
A barrel or cask is a hollow cylindrical container with a bulging center, longer than it is wide. They are traditionally made of wooden staves and bound by wooden or metal hoops. The word vat is often used for large containers for liquids, usually alcoholic beverages; a small barrel or cask is known as a keg. Modern wooden barrels for wine-making are made of French common oak ('' Quercus robur''), white oak ('' Quercus petraea''), American white oak (''Quercus alba''), more exotic is Mizunara Oak all typically have standard sizes: Recently Oregon Oak ( Quercus Garryana) has been used. *"Bordeaux type" , *"Burgundy type" and *" Cognac type" . Modern barrels and casks can also be made of aluminum, stainless steel, and different types of plastic, such as HDPE. Someone who makes barrels is called a "barrel maker" or cooper (coopers also make buckets, vats, tubs, butter churns, hogsheads, firkins, kegs, kilderkins, tierces, rundlets, puncheons, pipes, tuns, butts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oak (wine)
Oak is used in winemaking to vary the color, flavor, tannin profile and texture of wine. It can be introduced in the form of a barrel during the fermentation or aging periods, or as free-floating chips or staves added to wine fermented in a vessel like stainless steel. Oak barrels can impart other qualities to wine through evaporation and low level exposure to oxygen.J. Robinson ''Jancis Robinson's Wine Course'' Third Edition pg 91-93 Abbeville Press 2003 History In early wine history, the amphora was the vessel of choice for the storage and transportation of wine. Due to the perishable nature of wood material it is difficult to trace the usage of barrels in history. The Greek historian Herodotus noted that ancient Mesopotamians used barrels made of palm wood to transport wine along the Euphrates. Palm is a difficult material to bend and fashion into barrels, however, and wine merchants in different regions experimented with different wood styles to find a better wood s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cooper (profession)
A cooper is a person trained to make wooden casks, barrels, vats, buckets, tubs, troughs and other similar containers from timber staves that were usually heated or steamed to make them pliable. Journeymen coopers also traditionally made wooden implements, such as rakes and wooden-bladed shovels. In addition to wood, other materials, such as iron, were used in the manufacturing process. The trade is the origin of the surname Cooper. Etymology The word "cooper" is derived from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German ''kūper'' 'cooper' from ''kūpe'' 'cask', in turn from Latin ''cupa'' 'tun, barrel'. Everything a cooper produces is referred to collectively as ''cooperage.'' A cask is any piece of cooperage containing a bouge, bilge, or bulge in the middle of the container. A barrel is a type of cask, so the terms "barrel-maker" and "barrel-making" refer to just one aspect of a cooper's work. The facility in which casks are made is also referred to as a cooperage. As a name In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Brewery Cask Units
Capacities of brewery casks were formerly measured and standardised according to a specific system of English units. The system was originally based on the ale gallon of . In United Kingdom and its colonies, with the adoption of the imperial system in 1824, the units were redefined in terms of the slightly smaller imperial gallon (). The older units continued in use in the United States. Historically the terms ''beer'' and ''ale'' referred to distinct brews. From the mid 15th century until 1803 in Britain "ale" casks and "beer" casks differed in the number of gallons they contained. Units Tun The tun is a cask that is double the size of a butt and is equal to eight barrels and has a capacity of . Invented in Brentford, a tun was used in local breweries to measure large amounts of alcohol. Butt (Imperial) The butt of beer was equal to half a tun, two hogsheads, three tierce, or . Hogshead The hogshead of beer and ale was equal to a quarter of a tun, half a butt, a tierce and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tun (volume)
Capacities of wine casks were formerly measured and standardised according to a specific system of English units. The various units were historically defined in terms of the wine gallon so varied according to the definition of the gallon until the adoption of the Queen Anne wine gallon in 1707. In the United Kingdom and its colonies the units were redefined with the introduction of the imperial system whilst the Queen Anne wine gallon was adopted as the standard US liquid gallon. The major wine producing countries use barrels extensively and have developed standards at variance with the traditional English volumes that are commonly used in the wine and wine cooperage industries. Examples include a hogshead of , a barrique of (Bordeaux), a barrel of (Australia), a barrel of (Burgundy) and a puncheon of . Casks Tun The tun ( ang, tunne, la, tunellus, Middle Latin: ') is an English unit of ''liquid volume'' (not weight), used for measuring wine, oil or honey. It is typical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puncheon (barrel)
Capacities of wine casks were formerly measured and standardised according to a specific system of English units. The various units were historically defined in terms of the wine gallon so varied according to the definition of the gallon until the adoption of the Queen Anne wine gallon in 1707. In the United Kingdom and its colonies the units were redefined with the introduction of the imperial system whilst the Queen Anne wine gallon was adopted as the standard US liquid gallon. The major wine producing countries use barrels extensively and have developed standards at variance with the traditional English volumes that are commonly used in the wine and wine cooperage industries. Examples include a hogshead of , a barrique of (Bordeaux), a barrel of (Australia), a barrel of (Burgundy) and a puncheon of . Casks Tun The tun ( ang, tunne, la, tunellus, Middle Latin: ') is an English unit of ''liquid volume'' (not weight), used for measuring wine, oil or honey. It is typicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Units Of Wine Casks
Capacities of wine casks were formerly measured and standardised according to a specific system of English units. The various units were historically defined in terms of the wine gallon so varied according to the definition of the gallon until the adoption of the Queen Anne wine gallon in 1707. In the United Kingdom and its colonies the units were redefined with the introduction of the imperial system whilst the Queen Anne wine gallon was adopted as the standard US liquid gallon. The major wine producing countries use barrels extensively and have developed standards at variance with the traditional English volumes that are commonly used in the wine and wine cooperage industries. Examples include a hogshead of , a barrique of (Bordeaux), a barrel of (Australia), a barrel of (Burgundy) and a puncheon of . Casks Tun The tun ( ang, tunne, la, tunellus, Middle Latin: ') is an English unit of ''liquid volume'' (not weight), used for measuring wine, oil or honey. It is typicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butter Churn
A butter churn is a device used to convert cream into butter. This is done through a mechanical process, frequently via a pole inserted through the lid of the churn, or via a crank used to turn a rotating device inside the churn. Etymology The word “butter” is believed to be derived from the Greek word bou-tyron, the approximate meaning of which is “cow cheese”. However, some believe the word came from the Scythian culture, as the ancient Greeks tended to herd sheep and goats, whose milk is not as good for butter making as that of cows, which the Scythians primarily herded. The word "churn" is from the Old English ''ċyrin,'' to churn. This is probably derived from the Old English ''cyrnel,'' "kernel," due to the appearance of butter grains after milk has been churned. The butter churn gave its name to the milk churn, early examples of which were based on butter churns. The milk churn is not, however, used for the act of churning, but rather to transport milk. Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cognac
Cognac ( , also , ) is a variety of brandy named after the commune of Cognac, France. It is produced in the surrounding wine-growing region in the departments of Charente and Charente-Maritime. Cognac production falls under French appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) designation, with production methods and naming required to meet certain legal requirements. Among the specified grapes, Ugni blanc, known locally as Saint-Émilion, is most widely used. The brandy must be twice distilled in copper pot stills and aged at least two years in French oak barrels from Limousin or Tronçais. Cognac matures in the same way as whiskies and wines barrel-age, and most cognacs spend considerably longer "on the wood" than the minimum legal requirement. Production process Cognac is a type of brandy, and after the distillation and during the aging process, is also called '' eau de vie''. It is produced by twice distilling grapes produced in any of the designated growing regions. Grap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quercus Alba
An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 500 extant species of oaks. The common name "oak" also appears in the names of species in related genera, notably '' Lithocarpus'' (stone oaks), as well as in those of unrelated species such as '' Grevillea robusta'' (silky oaks) and the Casuarinaceae (she-oaks). The genus ''Quercus'' is native to the Northern Hemisphere, and includes deciduous and evergreen species extending from cool temperate to tropical latitudes in the Americas, Asia, Europe, and North Africa. North America has the largest number of oak species, with approximately 160 species in Mexico of which 109 are endemic and about 90 in the United States. The second greatest area of oak diversity is China, with approximately 100 species. Description Oaks have spirally arranged leaves, with lobate margins in many species; some have serrated leaves or entire leaves with smooth ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stave (wood)
] A stave is a narrow length of wood with a slightly bevelled edge to form the sides of barrels, tanks, tubs, vats and pipelines, originally handmade by coopers. They have been used in the construction of large holding tanks and penstocks at hydro power developments. They are also used in the construction of certain musical instruments with rounded bodies or backs. See also *Rubicon Hydroelectric Scheme, which has wood stave penstocks on operating power stations *Lake Margaret Power Station The Lake Margaret Power Stations comprise two hydroelectric power stations located in Western Tasmania, Australia. The power stations are part of the King Yolande Power Scheme and are owned and operated by Hydro Tasmania. Officially the Upper L ..., which had a wood stave penstock replaced in 2010 References Structural engineering Woodworking {{civil-engineering-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quercus Crispula
''Quercus crispula'', commonly known as mizunara from the Japanese, is a deciduous broad-leaved tree of the genus '' Quercus''. As ''Quercus mongolica'' var. ''crispula'', it is considered a variety of '' Mongolian oak'' by some authorities, WFO (2020): Quercus crispula Blume. Published on the Internet at http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000290363. Accessed 2020-03-03 and is widely distributed in Northeast Asia. Description It prefers a colder climate than the closely related '' Quercus serrata'' and Kunugi (''''). It grows naturally from the ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quercus Garryana
''Quercus garryana'' is an oak tree species of the Pacific Northwest, with a range stretching from southern California to southwestern British Columbia. It is commonly known as the Oregon white oak or Oregon oak or, in Canada, the Garry oak. It grows from sea level to an altitude of in the northern part of its range, and from in the south of the range in California. The eponymous Nicholas Garry was deputy governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. Description It is typically of medium height, growing slowly to around and occasionally as high as 100 ft, or in shrub form to tall. The trunks grow to thick, exceptionally . The bark is gray and fissured. It has the characteristic oval profile of other oaks when solitary, but is also known to grow in groves close enough together that crowns may form a canopy. The leaves are deciduous, long and 1–3 inches broad, with 3–7 deep lobes on each side, darker green on top and finely haired below. The flowers are catkins, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
