Barbara Smith
Barbara Smith is an American lesbian feminist[1] and socialist who has played a significant role in building and sustaining Black Feminism
Black Feminism in the United States (US). Since the early 1970s, she has been active as a critic, teacher, lecturer, author, scholar, and publisher of Black feminist thought. She has also taught at numerous colleges and universities over the last 25 years. Smith's essays, reviews, articles, short stories and literary criticism have appeared in a range of publications, including The New York Times
The New York Times Book Review, The Black Scholar, Ms., Gay Community News, The Guardian, The Village Voice, Conditions and The Nation
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June Millicent Jordan (July 9, 1936 – June 14, 2002) was a Caribbean-American poet, essayist, teacher, and activist. She used her writing to discuss issues of gender, race, immigration, and representation.[1][2]Contents1 Early life 2 Personal life 3 Career 4 Literary Topics & Impact 5 Contributions to Feminist Theory5.1 "Report from the Bahamas"5.1.1 Privilege 5.1.2 Concepts of race, class, and gender 5.1.3 Common identity vs
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Second-wave feminism
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Second-wave feminism is a period of feminist activity and thought that first began in the early 1960s in the United States. It quickly spread across the Western world with an aim to increase equality for women by gaining more than just voting rights. Issues addressed by the second-wave included rights regarding domestic issues (such as clothing) and in employment
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Cleveland
Cleveland (/ˈkliːvlənd/ KLEEV-lənd) is a city in the U.S. state
U.S. state of Ohio, and the county seat of Cuyahoga County,[7] the state's second most-populous county.[8][9] Located along Lake Erie, the city proper has a population of 388,072, making Cleveland
Cleveland the 51st largest city in the United States,[5] and the second-largest city in Ohio
Ohio after Columbus.[10][11] Greater Cleveland
Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 2,055,612 people in 2016.[12] The city anchors the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, which had a population of 3,515,646 in 2010 and ranks 15th in the United States. The city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (100 kilometers) west of the Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania state border
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Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) was a student activist movement in the United States
United States that was one of the main representations of the New Left
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Black nationalism is a type of nationalism which espouses the belief that black people are a nation and seeks to develop and maintain a black identity. Black nationalist activism revolves around social, political, and economic empowerment of black communities and people, especially to resist assimilation into white American culture (through integration or otherwise), and maintain a distinct black identity.[1]Contents1 Early history1.1 Prince Hall2 The Free African Society 3 African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas
African Episcopal Church of St
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The National Black Feminist Organization (NBFO) was founded in 1973. The group worked to address the unique issues affecting black women in America.[1] Founding members included Florynce Kennedy, Michele Wallace, Faith Ringgold, Doris Wright and Margaret Sloan-Hunter. They borrowed the office of the New York City chapter of the National Organization for Women
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Boston
Boston (/ˈbɒstən/ ( listen) BOS-tən) is the capital city and most populous municipality[9] of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States
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The University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh (commonly referred to as Pitt) is a state-related research university located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1787 after the American Revolutionary War, it was founded on the edge of the American frontier as the Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh Academy. It developed and was renamed as Western University of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania by a change to its charter in 1819. After surviving two devastating fires and various relocations within the area, the school moved to its current location in the Oakland neighborhood of the city; it was renamed as the University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh in 1908
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Ms. is an American liberal feminist magazine co-founded by second-wave feminists and sociopolitical activists Gloria Steinem
Gloria Steinem and Dorothy Pitman Hughes.[4] Founding editors were Letty Cottin Pogrebin,[5] Mary Thom, Patricia Carbine, Joanne Edgar, Nina Finkelstein, and Mary Peacock. Ms. first appeared in 1971 as an insert in New York magazine.[6] The first stand-alone issue appeared in January 1972 with funding from New York editor Clay Felker.[6] From July 1972 to 1987, it appeared on a monthly basis. It now publishes quarterly. During its heyday in the 1970s, it enjoyed great popularity but was not always able to reconcile its ideological concerns with commercial considerations
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Chicago
Chicago (/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ, -ˈkɔː-/ ( listen)), officially the City
City of Chicago, is the third most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is also the most populous city in both the state of Illinois
Illinois and the Midwestern United States. It is the county seat of Cook County
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Intersectionality is an analytic framework which attempts to identify how interlocking systems of power impact those who are most marginalized in society.[1] Intersectionality considers that the various forms of what it sees as social stratification, such as class, race, sexual orientation, age, disability and gender, do not exist separately from each other but are complexly interwoven.Contents1 Historical background 2 Feminist thought2.1 Marxist-feminist critical theory3 Key concepts3.1 Interlocking matrix of oppression 3.2 Standpoint epistemology and the outsider within 3.3 Resist
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Mount Holyoke
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Mount Holyoke College is a liberal arts college for women in South Hadley, Massachusetts, United States. It was the first member of the Seven Sisters colleges, and it served as a model for some of the others. Mount Holyoke
Mount Holyoke is part of the region's Five College Consortium, along with Amherst College, Smith College, Hampshire College, and the University of Massachusetts
Massachusetts Amherst. The school was founded in 1837 by Mary Lyon
Mary Lyon as Mount Holyoke
Mount Holyoke Female Seminary. Mount Holyoke
Mount Holyoke received its collegiate charter in 1888 as Mount Holyoke
Mount Holyoke Seminary and College and became Mount Holyoke
Mount Holyoke College in 1893. Mount Holyoke's buildings were designed between 1896 and 1960
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Reproductive rights
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Reproductive rights are legal rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health that vary amongst countries around the world.[1] The World Health Organization
World Health Organization defines reproductive rights as follows: Reproductive rights
Reproductive rights rest on the recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health
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Rape
Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual penetration carried out against a person without that person's consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority, or against a person who is incapable of giving valid consent, such as one who is unconscious, incapacitated, has an intellectual disability or is below the legal age of consent.[1][2][3] The term rape is sometimes used interchangeably with the term sexual assault.[4] The rate of reporting, prosecuting and convicting for rape varies between jurisdictions
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Health
Health care or healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings. Healthcare is delivered by health professionals (providers or practitioners) in allied health fields. Physicians
Physicians and physician associates are a part of these health professionals. Dentistry, midwifery, nursing, medicine, optometry, audiology, pharmacy, psychology, and other health professions are all part of healthcare. It includes work done in providing primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care, as well as in public health. Access to health care may vary across countries, communities, and individuals, largely influenced by social and economic conditions as well as the health policies in place
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