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Azbakeya
Azbakeya ( ar, أزبكية; also spelled Al Uzbakeya or Auzbekiya) is one of the central districts of Cairo, Egypt. It contains many historically important establishments. One of these is the Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral, which was inaugurated by Pope Mark VIII in 1800 and served as the seat of the Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria from 1800 to 1971. Azbakeya was the place where the first Cairo Opera House was established, in 1869. History The district of Azbakeya was built upon a place of an old Coptic village, Tiandonias () or Umm Dunayn () which was also called al-Maks ( "customs") in latter sources and Ottoman documents. By the time of Barquq, the first Burji Mamluk sultan (1382-1399), a lot of reconstruction needed to be done within the walls of the city in order to repair the damages incurred as a result of the Black Death. In 1384, when Barquq started his madrasa in Bayn al-Qasrayn, markets were rebuilt, and Khan al-Khalili, the most famou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral, Azbakeya
Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral is a Coptic Orthodox church in Azbakeya, Cairo. It was the seat of the Coptic Pope from 1800 to 1971. Due to Ibrahim El-Gohary's influential position in the government and his great favor to the Muslim rulers, he was able to issue fatwas that permitted the Copts to rebuild the destroyed churches and monasteries. This was of particular importance because the Copts were not allowed to build new churches or to repair old ones unless they got official government approval, which was rarely granted. One of these churches that he built is Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral in Azbakeya in Cairo, that his brother completed and inaugurated by Pope Mark VIII in 1800. Ibrahim El-Gohary also donated many endowment of good land and money for the reconstruction, that amounted to 238 endowments as documented in the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate. The cathedral served as the Seat of the Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria between 1800 and 1971, after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Mark VIII Of Alexandria
Pope Mark VIII of Alexandria (Abba Marcos VIII), 108th Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark. He was born in the town of Tama, in the district of Girga in Upper Egypt. His birth name was John. He became a monk in the Monastery of Saint Anthony near the Red Sea. When his predecessor, Abba Yoannis, the 107th Patriarch departed, the papal seat remained vacant for four months, then this father was chosen as a patriarch and ordained on 2 October 1796 AD (24 Thout 1513 AM) He lived through Three forms of governments in Egypt: first under Ottoman governors of the Ottoman Empire, then the French Invasion of Egypt (1797- 1801 AD), two years after his ordination, then the Ottomans returned again in 1801. He consecrated the new Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral in Azbakeya in Cairo that was built by Al-Moallim Ibrahim El-Gohary and moved the Seat of the Coptic Pope to this cathedral in 1800. from Saint Mary Church (Haret Elroum) Saint Mary Coptic Orthodox Chur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Cairo
Old Cairo (Arabic: مصر القديمة , Miṣr al-Qadīma, Egyptian pronunciation: Maṣr El-ʾAdīma) is a historic area in Cairo, Egypt, which includes the site of a Roman-era fortress and of Islamic-era settlements pre-dating the founding of Cairo proper in AD 969. It is also considered part of what is referred to as " Historic Cairo" or "Islamic Cairo", and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. History and description Roman fort and Coptic Cairo The Babylon Fortress is a Roman fortification around which many of the Egyptian Christians' oldest churches were built. It is unrelated to ancient Babylon or its empire. The area of Coptic Cairo is also part of Old Cairo. It comprises ruins of Roman fortifications and many old churches. Modern tourists visit locations such as the Coptic Museum, the Babylon Fortres, the Hanging Church and other Coptic churches. Count Gabriel Habib Sakakini Pasha (1841–1923), who had become a household name in his time, built a palace and a churc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boulaq
Boulaq ( ar, بولاق, Būlāq from "guard, customs post"), is a district of Cairo, in Egypt. It neighbours Downtown Cairo, Azbakeya, and the River Nile. History The westward shift of the Nile, especially between 1050 and 1350, made land available on its eastern side. There the development of Bulaq began in the 15th century. In the 15th century, under sultan Barsbay Bulaq became the main port of Cairo. Bulaq is a dense indigenous district filled with small-scale workshops of industries such as the old printing press, metalworking and machine shops, which supported the early stages of building Cairo. It is populated with a mixed working class from all parts of Egypt, who migrated to the city during the 19th century to work on Muhammad ‘Ali's projects. To the north of the district is located the bulk of the city's newer industrial plants. The history of Bulaq goes back to the Mamluk rule of the fourteenth century when the site was the main port of Cairo filled with several ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cairo
Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metropolitan area, with a population of 21.9 million, is the 12th-largest in the world by population. Cairo is associated with ancient Egypt, as the Giza pyramid complex and the ancient cities of Memphis and Heliopolis are located in its geographical area. Located near the Nile Delta, the city first developed as Fustat, a settlement founded after the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 640 next to an existing ancient Roman fortress, Babylon. Under the Fatimid dynasty a new city, ''al-Qāhirah'', was founded nearby in 969. It later superseded Fustat as the main urban centre during the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods (12th–16th centuries). Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life, and is titled "the city of a thousa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khedivial Opera House
The Khedivial Opera House or Royal Opera House ( ar, دار الأوبرا الخديوية / ALA-LC: ''Dār Awbirā al-Khudaywī'') was an opera house in Cairo, Egypt, the oldest opera house in all of Africa. It was inaugurated on 1 November 1869 and burned down on 28 October 1971. The opera house was built on the orders of the Khedive Isma'il Pasha, Ismail to celebrate the opening of the Suez Canal. The architects Pietro Avoscani (from Livorno) and Rossi designed the building. It seated approximately 850 people and was made mostly of wood. It was located between the districts of Azbakeya and Ismailyya in Egypt's capital city. Giuseppe Verdi, Verdi's opera ''Rigoletto'' was the first opera performed at the opera house on 1 November 1869. Ismail planned a grander exhibition for his new theatre. After months of delay due to the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, Verdi's new opera, ''Aida'', received its world premiere at the Khedivial Opera House on 24 December 1871. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madrasa Of Al-Nasir Muhammad
The Madrasa of Al-Nasir Muhammad is a madrasa and mausoleum located in the Bayn al-Qasrayn area of al-Muizz street in Cairo, Egypt. It was built in the name of the Mamluk sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, but its construction began between 1294 and 1295 under the reign of Sultan Al-Adil Kitbugha, who was sultan in between Al-Nasir Muhammad's first and seconds reigns. When Al-Nasir Muhammad returned to the throne in 1299 he oversaw its construction until its completion in 1303. It is adjacent to the earlier hospital and funerary complex of Sultan Qalawun and the later Madrasa of Sultan Barquq. Historical background Al-Nasir Muhammad was the ninth Mamluk sultan of Egypt, the youngest son of Sultan Qalawun, and lived from 1285 to 1341. He was inaugurated as sultan three times, from 1293 to 1294, from 1299 to 1309, and from 1309 to 1341. In December 1293 Al-Nasir Muhammad's older brother Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil was assassinated, leaving the throne to the 9-year-old Al-Nasir Muh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emir Qurqumas Complex
The Emir Qurqumas Complex is located in Medieval Cairo, Egypt, in the City of the dead. Overview About 200 meters south of Qansuh's tomb stands a complex which is two mausoleums joined together. That on the north is sultan Inal's. Built in 1450–1456, it is in a ruinous state but is an example of a Mamluk mausoleum, with a domed funeral chamber, a Madrasa, a Sabil, a monumental door, and a minaret. The complex also includes a Khanqah, or monastery for the Sufi Darvishes. Inal had been a slave of Sultan Barquq and could neither read nor write. He ruled from 1453 to 1460 and does not appear to have any distinction other than his lack of education. Adjoining Inal's Mausoleum is that of Qurqumas, built in 1507. It is in better condition and more elegant that Inal's, which is heavier in style. Polish-Egyptian Restoration Works In 1972, the Polish-Egyptian Group for the Restoration of Islamic Monuments was created. It was composed of specialists from several institutions, inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Ashraf Mosque
The Al-Ashraf Mosque or the Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan al-Ashraf Barsbay ( ar, مسجد ومدرسة الأشرف برسباي) is a historical complex of mosque and madrasa located in Cairo, Egypt. The mosque was built during the Mamluk period by the Burji Sultan Al-Ashraf Al-Barsbay. The complex consists of a mosque-madrasa, mausoleum, and Sufi lodgings. The mosque is characterized by its design, which incorporates marble and stained-glass windows. Background The mosque complex was built by Barsbay, the Circassian sultan who ruled the Mamluk Empire from 825/1422 to 841/1438. Barsbay's monopolistic trade policies, which included restrictions on luxury goods and fixed prices for spices like pepper, crippled his subjects and disrupted trade between Egypt and Europe. However, control of trade routes and taxes on religious minorities also enabled the Mamluks to fund the construction of many small to medium-sized buildings in Cairo, including the construction of relatively small mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Complex Of Sultan Al-Ashraf Qaytbay
The funerary complex of Sultan Qaytbay is an architectural complex built by Sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay in Cairo's Northern Cemetery, completed in 1474. It is often considered one of the most beautiful and accomplished monuments of late Egyptian Mamluk architecture, and is pictured on the Egyptian one pound note.Williams, Caroline. 2008 (6th ed.). ''Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide''. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.Behrens-Abouseif, Doris. 2007. ''Cairo of the Mamluks: A History of Architecture and its Culture''. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.AlSayyad, Nezar. 2011. ''Cairo: Histories of a City''. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Historical background Sultan Qaytbay and his reign Al-Ashraf Qaytbay was a mamluk purchased by Sultan al-Ashraf Barsbay (ruled 1422–1438) and served under several Mamluk sultans, the last of whom – Sultan al-Zahir Timurbugha (ruled 1467-1468) – appointed him ''amir al-kabir'', the comman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baibars
Al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari ( ar, الملك الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقداري, ''al-Malik al-Ẓāhir Rukn al-Dīn Baybars al-Bunduqdārī'') (1223/1228 – 1 July 1277), of Turkic Kipchak origin, commonly known as Baibars or Baybars ( ar, بيبرس, ''Baybars'') – nicknamed Abu al-Futuh (; English: ''Father of Conquests'', referring to his victories) – was the fourth Mamluk sultan of Egypt and Syria in the Bahri dynasty, succeeding Qutuz. He was one of the commanders of the Egyptian forces that inflicted a defeat on the Seventh Crusade of King Louis IX of France. He also led the vanguard of the Egyptian army at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, which marked the first substantial defeat of the Mongol army and is considered a turning point in history. The reign of Baybars marked the start of an age of Mamluk dominance in the Eastern Mediterranean and solidified the durability of their military system. He managed to pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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