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Ancamna
In Gallo-Roman religion, Ancamna was a goddess worshipped particularly in the valley of the river Moselle. She was commemorated at Trier and Ripsdorf as the consort of Lenus Mars, and at Möhn as the consort of Mars Smertulitanus.Nicole Jufer & Thierry Luginbühl. 2001. ''Les dieux gaulois : répertoire des noms de divinités celtiques connus par l'épigraphie, les textes antiques et la toponymie.'' Editions Errance, Paris. pp.14, 21. At Trier, altars were set up in honour of Lenus Mars, Ancamna and the '' genii'' of various '' pagi'' of the Treveri, giving the impression of Lenus Mars and Ancamna as tribal protectors honoured in an officially organized cult.Two such surviving inscriptions were published in Finke (1927) "Neue Inschriften," ''Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission'' 17: inscriptions 12 and 13. Among the few statuettes left as votive offerings at the sanctuary of Mars Smertulitanus and Ancamna at Möhn is one of a '' genius cucullatus'' like those offered t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancamna MarsSmertrius HistMusPfalz 3477
In Gallo-Roman religion, Ancamna was a goddess worshipped particularly in the valley of the river Moselle. She was commemorated at Trier and Ripsdorf as the consort of Lenus Mars, and at Möhn as the consort of Mars Smertulitanus.Nicole Jufer & Thierry Luginbühl. 2001. ''Les dieux gaulois : répertoire des noms de divinités celtiques connus par l'épigraphie, les textes antiques et la toponymie.'' Editions Errance, Paris. pp.14, 21. At Trier, altars were set up in honour of Lenus Mars, Ancamna and the '' genii'' of various '' pagi'' of the Treveri, giving the impression of Lenus Mars and Ancamna as tribal protectors honoured in an officially organized cult.Two such surviving inscriptions were published in Finke (1927) "Neue Inschriften," ''Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission'' 17: inscriptions 12 and 13. Among the few statuettes left as votive offerings at the sanctuary of Mars Smertulitanus and Ancamna at Möhn is one of a '' genius cucullatus'' like those offered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mars (mythology)
In ancient Roman religion and myth, Mars ( la, Mārs, ) was the god of war and also an agricultural guardian, a combination characteristic of early Rome. He was the son of Jupiter and Juno, and was pre-eminent among the Roman army's military gods. Most of his festivals were held in March, the month named for him ( Latin ''Martius''), and in October, which began the season for military campaigning and ended the season for farming. Under the influence of Greek culture, Mars was identified with the Greek god Ares,''Larousse Desk Reference Encyclopedia'', The Book People, Haydock, 1995, p. 215. whose myths were reinterpreted in Roman literature and art under the name of Mars. The character and dignity of Mars differed in fundamental ways from that of his Greek counterpart, who is often treated with contempt and revulsion in Greek literature. Mars's altar in the Campus Martius, the area of Rome that took its name from him, was supposed to have been dedicated by Numa, the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treveri
The Trēverī ( Gaulish: *''Trēueroi'') were a Celtic tribe of the Belgae group who inhabited the lower valley of the Moselle from around 150 BCE, if not earlier, until their displacement by the Franks. Their domain lay within the southern fringes of the ''Silva Arduenna'' ( Ardennes Forest), a part of the vast Silva Carbonaria, in what are now Luxembourg, southeastern Belgium and western Germany; its centre was the city of Trier (''Augusta Treverorum''), to which the Treveri give their name. Celtic in language, according to Tacitus they claimed Germanic descent. Tacitus writes, "The Treveri and Nervii are even eager in their claims of a German origin, thinking that the glory of this descent distinguishes them from the uniform level of Gallic effeminacy." '' Germania'' XXVIII. They possibly contained both Gallic and Germanic influences. Although early adopters of Roman material culture, the Treveri had a chequered relationship with Roman power. Their leader Indutiomaru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lenus
Lenus ( grc, Ληνός) was a Celtic healing god worshipped mainly in eastern Gaul, where he was almost always identified with the Roman god Mars. Name The theonym ''Lenos'' may derive from a stem ''lēno''-, which could mean 'wood, bocage' (cf. Welsh ''llwyn'' 'bush, grave, shrub'). Cult He was an important god of the Treveri tribe, who had large sanctuaries at medicinal springs at Trier and the Martberg by Pommern in what is now Germany. Two dedications to him are also known from southwestern Britain (Chedworth and Caerwent). Edith Wightman characterizes him as “one of the best examples of a Teutates, or god of the people, equated with Mars—protector of the tribe in battle, but also ..bestower of health and general good fortune” (p. 211).Edith Mary Wightman (1970). ''Roman Trier and the Treveri.'' Rupert Hart-Davis, London. His sanctuary ‘Am Irminenwingert’ at Trier had a large temple, baths, smaller shrines and a theatre; that on the Martberg also include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loucetius
In Gallo-Roman religion, Loucetios (Latinized as Leucetius) was a Gallic god known from the Rhine-Moselle region, where he was identified with the Roman Mars. Scholars have interpreted his name to mean ‘lightning’. Mars Loucetius was worshipped alongside the goddess Nemetona. Name and etymology The name ''Loucetios'' derives from a Celtic stem *''lowk-et''-, meaning 'flash of lightning, thunderbolt' (cf. Old Irich ''lóchet''), itself from the root *''lowk''- ('bright, light'; cf. Middle Irish ''luach'' 'glowing light', Middle Welsh ''llug'' 'eyesight, perception'). It is the source of the place name '' Luzech'', attested as ''Luzechium'' in 1326 CE. The name may be a reference to either a Celtic common metaphor for battles as thunderstorms (cf. Old Irish ''torannchless'', the 'thunder feat'), or else the divine aura of the hero (the ''lúan'' of Cú Chulainn). It is presumably analogous to Oscan ''Loucetius'' ‘light-bringer’, an epithet of Jupiter. Inscriptions and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smertrios
In Gallo-Roman religion, Smertrios or Smertrius was a god of war worshipped in Gaul and Noricum.Nicole Jufer & Thierry Luginbühl. 2001. ''Les dieux gaulois : répertoire des noms de divinités celtiques connus par l'épigraphie, les textes antiques et la toponymie.'' Editions Errance, Paris. In Roman times he was equated with Mars. His name contains the same root as that of the goddess Rosmerta and may mean "The Purveyor" or "The Provider", a title rather than a true name. Smertulitanus may be a variant name for the same god. Smertrius is one of the Gaulish gods depicted on the Pillar of the Boatmen, discovered in Paris. Here is depicted as a well-muscled bearded man confronting a snake which rears up in front of him. The god brandishes an object which has usually been interpreted as a club but which rather resembles a torch or firebrand. The normal interpretation of the god's attribute as a club has led to the identification, by modern scholars, of Smertrius and Hercules. Oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trier
Trier ( , ; lb, Tréier ), formerly known in English as Trèves ( ;) and Triers (see also names in other languages), is a city on the banks of the Moselle in Germany. It lies in a valley between low vine-covered hills of red sandstone in the west of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, near the border with Luxembourg and within the important Moselle wine region. Founded by the Celts in the late 4th century BC as ''Treuorum'' and conquered 300 years later by the Romans, who renamed it ''Augusta Treverorum'' ("The City of Augustus among the Treveri"), Trier is considered Germany's oldest city. It is also the oldest seat of a bishop north of the Alps. Trier was one of the four capitals of the Roman Empire during the Tetrarchy period in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries. In the Middle Ages, the archbishop-elector of Trier was an important prince of the Church who controlled land from the French border to the Rhine. The archbishop-elector of Trier also had great si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inciona
Inciona is a little-known Celtic goddess of the Treveran region. Her name is recorded as one of a pair of deities on two votive inscriptions from Luxembourg. On the large stone slab from Mensdorf on the Widdebierg, pictured at right, she is invoked along with the god Veraudunus and in honour of the imperial family in fulfilment of a vow made by Marcus Pl(autius?) Restitutus' mother Alpinia Lucana.Musée d'histoire et d'art, Luxembourg. 1974. ''Pierres sculptées et inscriptions de l'époque romaine'', catalogued by Eugénie Wilhelm, p.71. The second inscription, a small bronze votive plaque from Kaul in Luxembourg, reads: : EO MAR Ibr>VERAVDVN(O) ETINCIONE MI TIVS PRISCINVS EX VOT(O) If the letters NO MAR can be restored as ''Leno Marti'', then Inciona is here invoked alongside Lenus Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, only being larger than Mercury. In the English language, Mars is named for the Roman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaulish Goddesses
Gaulish was an ancient Celtic language spoken in parts of Continental Europe before and during the period of the Roman Empire. In the narrow sense, Gaulish was the language of the Celts of Gaul (now France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine). In a wider sense, it also comprises varieties of Celtic that were spoken across much of central Europe (" Noric"), parts of the Balkans, and Anatolia (" Galatian"), which are thought to have been closely related. The more divergent Lepontic of Northern Italy has also sometimes been subsumed under Gaulish. Together with Lepontic and the Celtiberian spoken in the Iberian Peninsula, Gaulish helps form the geographic group of Continental Celtic languages. The precise linguistic relationships among them, as well as between them and the modern Insular Celtic languages, are uncertain and a matter of ongoing debate because of their sparse att ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spring (hydrosphere)
A spring is a point of exit at which groundwater from an aquifer flows out on top of Earth's crust ( pedosphere) and becomes surface water. It is a component of the hydrosphere. Springs have long been important for humans as a source of fresh water, especially in arid regions which have relatively little annual rainfall. Springs are driven out onto the surface by various natural forces, such as gravity and hydrostatic pressure. Their yield varies widely from a volumetric flow rate of nearly zero to more than for the biggest springs. Formation Springs are formed when groundwater flows onto the surface. This typically happens when the groundwater table reaches above the surface level. Springs may also be formed as a result of karst topography, aquifers, or volcanic activity. Springs also have been observed on the ocean floor, spewing hot water directly into the ocean. Springs formed as a result of karst topography create karst springs, in which ground water travels throu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nemetona
Nemetona, or 'she of the sacred grove', is a Celtic goddess with roots in northeastern Gaul. She is thought to have been the eponymous deity of the Germano-Celtic people known as the Nemetes;Beck, pp. 237-238. evidence of her veneration is found in their former territory along the Middle Rhine'' CIL'' 13, 6131. as well in the Altbachtal sanctuary in present-day Trier, Germany.Powers Coe, p. 1351.Finke 324. She is also attested in Bath, England, where an altar to her was dedicated by a man of the Gallic Treveri people.''RIB'' 140. Etymology Nemetona's name is derived from the Celtic root '' nemeto-'', referring to consecrated religious spaces, particularly sacred groves. She has been considered a guardian goddess of open-air places of worship. The same root is found in the names of the Romano-British goddess Arnemetia and the Matres Nemetiales (known from an inscription in Grenoble). Inscriptions Surviving inscriptions often associate Nemetona with Mars (sometimes given the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Litavis
Litavis (Gaulish: ''Litauī'' 'Earth', lit. 'the Broad One') is a Gallic deity whose cult is primarily attested in east-central Gaul during the Roman period. She was probably originally an earth-goddess.' In medieval Celtic languages, various terms derived from ''*Litauia'' came to designate the Brittany Peninsula. Epigraphic evidence Her name is found in inscriptions found at Aignay-le-Duc and Mâlain of the Côte-d'Or, France, where she is invoked along with the Gallo-Roman god Mars Cicolluis in a context which suggests that she might have been his consort. Also, a Latin dedicatory inscription from Narbonne (which was in the far south of Gaul), France, bears the words "MARTI CICOLLUI ET LITAVI" ("To Mars Cicolluos and Litavis").Koch, John T.Ériu, Alba, and Letha: When Was a Language Ancestral to Gaelic First Spoken in Ireland? ''Emania: Bulletin of the Navan Research Group'' 9 (1991): 17–27. Name Etymology The Gaulish divine name ('Earth', lit. 'the Vast One') like ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
