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Agaricales
The fungal order Agaricales, also known as gilled mushrooms (for their distinctive gills) or euagarics, contains some of the most familiar types of mushrooms. The order has 33 extant families, 413 genera, and over 13,000 described species, along with six extinct genera known only from the fossil record. They range from the ubiquitous common mushroom to the deadly destroying angel and the hallucinogenic fly agaric to the bioluminescent jack-o-lantern mushroom. History, classification and phylogeny In his three volumes of ''Systema Mycologicum'' published between 1821 and 1832, Elias Fries put almost all of the fleshy, gill-forming mushrooms in the genus ''Agaricus''. He organized the large genus into "tribes", the names of many of which still exist as common genera of today. Fries later elevated several of these tribes to generic level, but later authors—including Gillet, Karsten, Kummer, Quélet, and Staude—made most of the changes. Fries based his classification on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Agaricales Genera
This is a list of mushroom-forming fungi genera in the order Agaricales. Genera * See also *List of Agaricales families References Notes References {{reflist, 2, refs= {{cite journal , last=Agerer , first=R. , year=1983 , title=Beitrag zur Flora cyphelloider Pilze aus der Neotropis V. Zwei neue Gattungen: ''Metulocyphella'' und ''Incrustocalyptella'' , journal=Zeitschrift für Mykologie , volume=49 , issue=2 , pages=155–164 , language=de , trans-title=Contribution to neotropical cyphelloid fungi V. Two new genera: ''Metulocyphella'' and ''Incrustocalyptella'' {{cite journal , last=Agerer , first=R. , year=1983 , title=Typusstudien an cyphelloiden Pilzen IV. ''Lachnellula'' Fr. s.l , journal=Mitteilungen aus der Botanischen Staatssammlung, München , volume=19 , pages=164–334;282,294, language=de , trans-title=Type studies in cyphelloid fungi IV. ''Lachnellula'' Fr. s.l {{cite journal, last=Ammirati , first=Joseph F. , author2=Andrew D. Parker , author3=P. Brandon Matheny ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amanita Muscaria
''Amanita muscaria'', commonly known as the fly agaric or fly amanita, is a basidiomycete of the genus ''Amanita''. It is also a muscimol mushroom. Native throughout the temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere, ''Amanita muscaria'' has been unintentionally introduced to many countries in the Southern Hemisphere, generally as a symbiont with pine and birch plantations, and is now a true cosmopolitan species. It associates with various deciduous and coniferous trees. Arguably the most iconic toadstool species, the fly agaric is a large white- gilled, white-spotted, usually red mushroom, and is one of the most recognizable and widely encountered in popular culture, including in video games—e.g., the extensive use of a recognizable ''Amanita muscaria'' in the Mario franchise and its Super Mushroom power-up—and television—e.g., the houses in The Smurfs franchise. Despite its easily distinguishable features, ''Amanita muscaria'' is a fungus with several kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Agaricales Families
The Agaricales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes (division Basidiomycota). It is the largest group of mushroom-forming fungi, and includes more than 400 genera and over 13,000 species. Molecular phylogenetics analyses of ribosomal DNA sequences has led to advances in our understanding of the Agaricales, and substantially revised previous assessments of families and genera. The following families are in the Agaricales, according to the 10th edition of the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (2008)Kirk ''et al''. (2008), p. 12. with some additions. Families See also *List of Agaricales genera Notes References Literature cited * * * * * * * {{cite book , author=Quélet L. , title=Flore mycologique de la France et des pays limitrophes , year=1888 , publisher=O.Doin , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GJg_AAAAYAAJ , language=fr * Agaricales families Agaricales The fungal order Agaricales, also known as gilled mushrooms (for their distinctive gills) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenogastraceae
The Hymenogastraceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricales with both agaric and false-truffle shaped fruitbodies. Formerly, prior to molecular analyses, the family was restricted to the false-truffle genera. The mushroom genus ''Psilocybe'' in the ''Hymenogastraceae'' is now restricted to the hallucinogenic species while nonhallucinogenic former species are largely in the genus '' Deconica'' classified in the Strophariaceae. One of the two known species of ''Wakefieldia'' has been found recently to belong to this family but formal transfer cannot be made until the phylogeny of the type species of the genus is resolved. ''Psathyloma'', added to the family in 2016, was circumscribed to contain two agarics found in New Zealand. Genera *''Alnicola'' (12 species) *'' Dendrogaster'' (1 species) *'' Galera'' (4 species) *'' Galerina'' (307 species) *'' Galerula'' (3 species) *''Gymnopilus'' (209 species) *''Hebeloma'' (355 species) *''Hymenogaster'' (79 species) *'' Naematoloma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inocybaceae
The Inocybaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Members of this family have a widespread distribution in tropical and temperate areas. Taxonomy The type genus of the Inocybaceae, '' Inocybe'', had traditionally been placed within the family Cortinariaceae. Despite this, Jülich placed the genus in its own family, the Inocybaceae. Later, the Cortinariaceae were shown to be polyphyletic. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses of RPB1, RPB2 and nLSU- rDNA regions from a variety of ''Inocybe'' and related taxa would support Jülich's recognition of ''Inocybe'' at the family level. In their ''Dictionary of the Fungi'', Kirk ''et al.'' (2008) did not distinguish between Inocybaceae and Crepidotaceae, but rather merged them into one family they called Inocybaceae. The literature has since then split up the classification given by Kirk ''et al.'' (2008) into not only Inocybaceae and Crepidotaceae, but also Tubariaceae and Chromocyphellaceae. In a 2019 molecular stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydnangiaceae
The Hydnangiaceae are a family of fungi in the mushroom order Agaricales. Widespread in temperate and tropical regions throughout the world, the family contains about 30 species in four genera. Species in the Hydnangiaceae form ectomycorrhizal relationships with various species of trees in both coniferous and deciduous forests. Description They may have fruit bodies with stipes and caps (pileate-stipiate), or gasteroid (with internal spore production, like puffballs). When pileate, the cap is smooth to scaly, sometimes striate, typically orange-brown or violet in color. The gills are widely spaced, thick, and waxy. In gasteroid forms, fruit body shape is irregular, with thin walls. Also, the peridium (the outer layer of the spore-bearing organ) is sometimes short-lasting (evanescent). Columella (the central, sterile part of the sporangium) may be absent or present, the hymenia are not gelatinized, and are formed in locules. Basidia are club-shaped (clavate), with two or four st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lyophyllaceae
The Lyophyllaceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. A 2008 estimate indicated eight genera and 157 species; , the Catalog of Life lists 13 genera in the family. Lyophyllaceae was circumscribed by mycologist Walter Jülich in 1981. Some species are popular as edible fungi, such as the brown beech mushroom '' Hypsizygus tessellatus'' and '' Lyophyllum shimeji''. Genera The family currently includes the following genera: *'' Asterophora'' *'' Blastosporella'' *'' Calocybe'' *'' Calocybella'' *''Gerhardtia'' *'' Hypsizygus'' *'' Lyophyllopsis'' *''Lyophyllum'' *'' Myochromella'' *'' Ossicaulis'' *'' Rugosomyces'' *'' Sagaranella'' *''Tephrocybe'' *'' Tephrocybella'' *''Termitomyces'' *'' Termitosphaera'' See also *List of Agaricales families The Agaricales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes (division Basidiomycota). It is the largest group of mushroom-forming fungi, and includes more than 400 genera and over 13,000 species. Molecular phylogenetics an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crepidotaceae
The Crepidotaceae are a family of basidiomycete fungi. Taxonomic Details The Crepidotaceae have recently undergone a revision based on phylogenetic analyses. The following characters are typical of this family: * saprotrophic on woody or herbaceous matter * gymnocarpic (having the hymenium open and attached to the surface of the thallus) * spore prints that are pale yellow to brown * simple cuticle (although some may have pileocystidia) * cheilocystidia A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that a ... always present * spores entire, smooth or ornamented but never angular or reticulate References Agaricales families {{Agaricales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushrooms
A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source. ''Toadstool'' generally denotes one poisonous to humans. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, ''Agaricus bisporus''; hence the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi ( Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem ( stipe), a cap ( pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing. lamella) on the underside of the cap. "Mushroom" also describes a variety of other gilled fungi, with or without stems, therefore the term is used to describe the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota. These gills produce microscopic spores that help the fungus spread across the ground or its occupant surface. Forms deviating from the standard morphology usually have more specific names, such as " bolete", " puffball", " stinkhorn", and " morel", and gilled mushrooms themselves are often called " agarics" i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricaceae
The Agaricaceae are a family of basidiomycete fungi and include the genus ''Agaricus'', as well as basidiomycetes previously classified in the families Tulostomataceae, Lepiotaceae, and Lycoperdaceae. Taxonomy The family Agaricaceae was published by French botanist François Fulgis Chevallier in 1826. It is named after the type genus ''Agaricus'', originally circumscribed by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work ''Species Plantarum''. In his authoritative 1986 classification of the Agaricales, Rolf Singer divided the Agaricaceae into four tribes distinguished largely by spore color: ''Leucocoprineae'', ''Agariceae'', ''Lepioteae'', and ''Cystodermateae''. Genera once classified in the families Tulostomataceae, Battarreaceae, Lycoperdaceae, and Mycenastraceae have since been moved to the Agaricaceae based on molecular phylogenetics studies. According to a standard reference text, the Agaricaceae contains 85 genera and 1340 species. Description Agaricaceae species use a wide variety of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinariaceae
The Cortinariaceae are a large family of gilled mushrooms found worldwide, containing over 2100 species. The family takes its name from its largest genus, the varied species of the genus ''Cortinarius''. Many genera formerly in the Cortinariaceae have been placed in various other families, including Hymenogastraceae, Inocybaceae and Bolbitiaceae. The deadly toxin orellanine has been found in at least 34 Cortinariaceae. Taxonomic details Cortinariaceae is a family of mushrooms within the Order Agaricales. The spore producing hymenium is located on the gills. The pileipellis is a cutis. The spores are brown in deposit and, in most genera in this family, the spores are ornamented. Differences in genera ''Cortinarius'' are mushrooms with warted spores, which are rusty-brown in deposit. Mushrooms in this genus have a partial veil which is a cortina. These mushrooms are terrestrial and mycorrhizal, and can range from small to large and fleshy. Edibility Despite the vast number of sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strophariaceae
The Strophariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Under an older classification, the family covered 18 genera and 1316 species. The species of Strophariaceae have red-brown to dark brown spore prints, while the spores themselves are smooth and have an apical germ pore. These agarics are also characterized by having a cutis-type pileipellis. Ecologically, all species in this group are saprotrophs, growing on various kinds of decaying organic matter. The family was circumscribed in 1946 by mycologists Rolf Singer and Alexander H. Smith. Genera * The genus '' Stropharia'' mainly consists of medium to large agarics with a distinct membranous annulus. Spore-print color is generally medium to dark purple-brown, except for a few species with rusty-brown spores. There is a great deal of variation, however, since this group, as presently delimited, is polyphyletic. Members of the core clade of ''Stropharia'' are characterized by crystalline acanthocytes among the hyphae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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