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AbsInt
AbsInt is a software-development tools vendor based in Saarbrücken, Germany. The company was founded in 1998 as a technology spin-off from the Department of Programming Languages and Compiler Construction of Prof. Reinhard Wilhelm at Saarland University. AbsInt specializes in software-verification tools based on abstract interpretation. Its tools are used worldwide by Fortune 500 companies, educational institutions, government agencies and startups. Products aiT WCET Analyzer statically computes safe upper bounds for the worst-case execution time of tasks in real-time systems. It directly analyzes binary executables and takes the intrinsic cache and pipeline behavior of the microprocessor into account. The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and NASA used it in its Study on Sudden Unintended Acceleration in the electronic throttle control systems of Toyota vehicles. StackAnalyzer determines the maximum stack usage of the tasks in embedded applications a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrée (static Analysis)
Astrée ("Analyseur statique de logiciels temps-réel embarqués") is a static analysis, static analyzer based on abstract interpretation. It analyzes programs written in C (programming language), the C programming language and outputs an exhaustive list of possible runtime errors and assertion (programming), assertion violations. The defect classes covered include division by zero, divisions by zero, buffer overflows, dereferences of null pointer, null or dangling pointers, data races, deadlocks, etc. Astrée includes a static taint checking, taint checker and helps finding Vulnerability (computing), cybersecurity vulnerabilities, such as Spectre (security vulnerability), Spectre. The tool is tailored towards safety-critical embedded code: specific analysis techniques are used for common control theory constructs (finite state machines, digital filters, rate limiters...) and floating-point numbers. Concurrent code is analyzed with a sound interleaving semantics that is aware of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CompCert
CompCert is a formally verified optimizing compiler for a large subset of the C99 programming language (known as Clight) which currently targets PowerPC, ARM, RISC-V, x86 and x86-64 architectures. This project, led by Xavier Leroy, started officially in 2005, funded by the French institutes ANR and INRIA. The compiler is specified, programmed and proven in Coq. It aims to be used for programming embedded systems requiring reliability. The performance of its generated code is often close to that of GCC (version 3) at optimization level -O1, and always better than that of GCC without optimizations. Since 2015 AbsInt offers commercial licenses, provides support and maintenance, and contributes to the advancement of the tool. CompCert is released under a noncommercial license, and is therefore not free software, although some of its source files are dual-licensed with the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 or later or are available under the terms of other license ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reinhard Wilhelm
Reinhard Wilhelm (born June 5, 1946) is a German computer scientist. Life and work Wilhelm was born in , today part of the municipality of Finnentrop, Westphalia. He studied math, physics and mathematical logic at University of Münster and computer science at Technical University Munich and Stanford University. He finished his PhD at TU Munich in 1977. In 1978, he obtained a professorship at Saarland University, where he led the chair for programming languages and compiler construction until his retirement in 2014. In addition, Wilhelm has held the post of scientific director of the Leibniz Center for Informatics at Schloss Dagstuhl from its inception in 1990 until 2014. Today he is a professor emeritus at Saarland University. Wilhelm is one of the co-founders of the European Symposium on Programming (ESOP) and the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software (ETAPS). The European Association for Programming Languages (EAPLS) goes back to his idea to found a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MISRA C
MISRA C is a set of software development guidelines for the C (programming language), C programming language developed by Motor Industry Software Reliability Association, The MISRA Consortium. Its aims are to facilitate code safety, Computer security, security, porting, portability and reliability in the context of embedded systems, specifically those systems programmed in ISO C / C90 / C99. There is also a set of guidelines for MISRA C++ not covered by this article. History * Draft: 1997 * First edition: 1998 (rules, required/advisory) * Second edition: 2004 (rules, required/advisory) * Third edition: 2012 (directives; rules, Decidable/Undecidable) * MISRA compliance: 2016, updated 2020 For the first two editions of MISRA-C (1998 and 2004) all Guidelines were considered as Rules. With the publication of MISRA C:2012 a new category of Guideline was introduced - the ''Directive'' whose compliance is more open to interpretation, or relates to process or procedural matters. Adop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gesellschaft Mit Beschränkter Haftung
A ''Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung'' (, abbreviated GmbH and also GesmbH in Austria; ) is a type of Juristic person, legal entity common in Germany, Austria, Switzerland (where it is equivalent to a ''société à responsabilité limitée''), and Liechtenstein. It is an entity broadly equivalent to the private limited company in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth countries, and the limited liability company (LLC) in the United States. The name of the GmbH form emphasizes the fact that the owners (''Gesellschafter'', also known as members) of the entity are not personally liable or credible for the company's debts. GmbHs are considered legal persons under German, Swiss, and Austrian law. Other variations include mbH (used when the term ''Gesellschaft'' is part of the company name itself), and gGmbH (''gemeinnützige'' GmbH) for non-profit companies. The GmbH has become the most common corporation form in Germany because the AG (''Aktiengesel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Worst-case Execution Time
The worst-case execution time (WCET) of a computational task is the maximum length of time the task could take to execute on a specific hardware platform. What it is used for Worst case execution time is typically used in reliable real-time systems, where understanding the worst case timing behaviour of software is important for reliability or correct functional behaviour. As an example, a computer system that controls the behaviour of an engine in a vehicle might need to respond to inputs within a specific amount of time. One component that makes up the response time is the time spent executing the software – hence if the software worst case execution time can be determined, then the designer of the system can use this with other techniques such as schedulability analysis to ensure that the system responds fast enough. While WCET is potentially applicable to many real-time systems, in practice an assurance of WCET is mainly used by real-time systems that are related to hig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Weakness Enumeration
The Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) is a category system for hardware and software weaknesses and vulnerabilities. It is sustained by a community project with the goals of understanding flaws in software and hardware and creating automated tools that can be used to identify, fix, and prevent those flaws. The project is sponsored by the National Cybersecurity FFRDC, which is operated by The MITRE Corporation, with support from US-CERT and the National Cyber Security Division of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Version 4.5 of the CWE standard was released in July 2021. CWE has over 600 categories, including classes for buffer overflows, path/directory tree traversal errors, race conditions, cross-site scripting, hard-coded passwords, and insecure random numbers. See also *Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) * Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) *National Vulnerability Database The National Vulnerability Database (NVD) is the U.S. government repository o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multi-core
A multi-core processor is a microprocessor on a single integrated circuit with two or more separate processing units, called cores, each of which reads and executes program instructions. The instructions are ordinary CPU instructions (such as add, move data, and branch) but the single processor can run instructions on separate cores at the same time, increasing overall speed for programs that support multithreading or other parallel computing techniques. Manufacturers typically integrate the cores onto a single integrated circuit die (known as a chip multiprocessor or CMP) or onto multiple dies in a single chip package. The microprocessors currently used in almost all personal computers are multi-core. A multi-core processor implements multiprocessing in a single physical package. Designers may couple cores in a multi-core device tightly or loosely. For example, cores may or may not share caches, and they may implement message passing or shared-memory inter-core communi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stack (abstract Data Type)
In computer science, a stack is an abstract data type that serves as a collection of elements, with two main operations: * Push, which adds an element to the collection, and * Pop, which removes the most recently added element that was not yet removed. Additionally, a peek operation can, without modifying the stack, return the value of the last element added. Calling this structure a ''stack'' is by analogy to a set of physical items stacked one atop another, such as a stack of plates. The order in which an element added to or removed from a stack is described as last in, first out, referred to by the acronym LIFO. As with a stack of physical objects, this structure makes it easy to take an item off the top of the stack, but accessing a datum deeper in the stack may require taking off multiple other items first. Considered as a linear data structure, or more abstractly a sequential collection, the push and pop operations occur only at one end of the structure, referred t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
INRIA
The National Institute for Research in Digital Science and Technology (Inria) () is a French national research institution focusing on computer science and applied mathematics. It was created under the name ''Institut de recherche en informatique et en automatique'' (IRIA) in 1967 at Rocquencourt near Paris, part of Plan Calcul. Its first site was the historical premises of SHAPE (central command of NATO military forces), which is still used as Inria's main headquarters. In 1980, IRIA became INRIA. Since 2011, it has been styled ''Inria''. Inria is a Public Scientific and Technical Research Establishment (EPST) under the double supervision of the French Ministry of National Education, Advanced Instruction and Research and the Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry. Administrative status Inria has 9 research centers distributed across France (in Bordeaux, Grenoble- Inovallée, Lille, Lyon, Nancy, Paris-Rocquencourt, Rennes, Saclay, and Sophia Antipolis) and one center ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esterel Technologies
Esterel Technologies is a supplier of model-based design, validation, and code generation tools for safety-critical software and hardware applications. Esterel's tools create formal specifications that produce control designs code in software and/or hardware. Esterel Technologies, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ansys, Inc., has offices in Élancourt, France, and Mountain View, California. Esterel also has direct sales offices in Ottobrunn, Germany, Bracknell, United Kingdom, and Shanghai, P.R. China. Distributors in Japan, China, South Korea, Israel, and India complement the Esterel direct sales offices. Products The Esterel Technologies' SCADE Product Family includes: SCADE System, SCADE Suite, SCADE Display, and SCADE LifeCycle. SCADE Suite was acquired from Telelogic in 2001. In September 2006, Esterel Technologies acquired the IMAGE product from Thales and Diehl Aerospace. It is now proposed as SCADE Display, a display framework targeted for Real-time applications, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Verne Automated Transfer Vehicle
The ''Jules Verne'' ATV, or Automated Transfer Vehicle 001 (ATV-001), was a robotic cargo spacecraft launched by the European Space Agency (ESA). The ATV was named after the 19th-century French science-fiction author Jules Verne. It was launched on 9 March 2008 on a mission to supply the International Space Station (ISS) with propellant, water, air, and dry cargo. ''Jules Verne'' was the first of five ATVs to be launched. Because it was the first ATV to be launched, ''Jules Verne'' underwent three weeks of orbital testing before beginning its final rendezvous with the ISS. The spacecraft docked to the ISS on 3 April 2008 to deliver its cargo. On 25 April 2008, ''Jules Verne'' used its thrusters to reboost the station into a higher orbit. After spending just over five months docked at the station, ''Jules Verne'' undocked on 5 September 2008 and made a destructive re-entry over the Pacific Ocean on 29 September. Development and assembly The first ATV was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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