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1321
Year 1321 ( MCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December *c. May–June – Leper scare: Rumours that lepers (acting on the orders of Jews bribed by Moors) are attempting to poison the Christian population spread throughout southern France. * August 14 – King Edward II of England reluctantly agrees to demands from his barons to send Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester, and his son Hugh Despenser the Younger into exile. * October 29 – King Stephen Uroš II Milutin of Serbia dies. His son Stephen Constantine claims the throne, but Constantine's younger half-brother Stephen Uroš III Dečanski succeeds. Date unknown * The Byzantine civil war of 1321–28 begins, when Andronikos III Palaiologos initiates an uprising against Andronikos II Palaiologos. * A bad harvest brings famine in Europe. * The Anatolian beylik of Teke is established. * Gračanica mona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Constantine Of Serbia
Stefan Konstantin ( sr-cyr, Стефан Константин; c. 1283–1322) was the King of Serbia from 29 October 1321 to the spring of 1322. The younger son of King Stefan Milutin (1282-1321), he initially held the appanage of Zeta (with Zahumlje and Travunia), and was the heir to the Serbian throne after his father had exiled his elder brother Stefan. After his father's death, a throne struggle broke out between Konstantin, Stefan and their cousin Vladislav II, evolving into the two years long civil war. He was killed in the battle fighting his brother, who went on to defeat Vladislav, too, and gained the Serbian throne as Stefan Uroš III, better known as Stefan Dečanski. Life of Konstantin, who may even be canonized in Middle Ages, was obscured even in medieval chronicles while today is almost completely forgotten. Nearly all data on him are approximate and has to be extrapolated from other biographies. Apparently not much valued by his contemporaries, even by his own ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefan Milutin
Stefan Uroš II Milutin ( sr-cyr, Стефан Урош II Милутин, Stefan Uroš II Milutin; 1253 – 29 October 1321), known as Stefan Milutin ( sr-cyr, Стефан Милутин, Stefan Milutin), was the King of Serbia between 1282–1321, a member of the Nemanjić dynasty. He was one of the most powerful rulers of Serbia in the Middle Ages. Milutin is credited with strongly resisting the efforts of Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos to impose Roman Catholicism on the Balkans after the Union of Lyons in 1274. During his reign, Serbian economic power grew rapidly, mostly due to the development of mining. He founded Novo Brdo, which became an internationally important silver mining site. As most of the Nemanjić monarchs, he was proclaimed a saint by the Serbian Orthodox Church with a feast day on October 30. Milutin appears in the Dante Alighieri's narrative poem ''Divine Comedy''. Early life He was the youngest son of King Stefan Uroš I and his wife, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Uroš II Milutin Of Serbia
Stefan Uroš II Milutin ( sr-cyr, Стефан Урош II Милутин, Stefan Uroš II Milutin; 1253 – 29 October 1321), known as Stefan Milutin ( sr-cyr, Стефан Милутин, Stefan Milutin), was the King of Serbia between 1282–1321, a member of the Nemanjić dynasty. He was one of the most powerful rulers of Serbia in the Middle Ages. Milutin is credited with strongly resisting the efforts of Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos to impose Roman Catholicism on the Balkans after the Union of Lyons in 1274. During his reign, Serbian economic power grew rapidly, mostly due to the development of mining. He founded Novo Brdo, which became an internationally important silver mining site. As most of the Nemanjić monarchs, he was proclaimed a saint by the Serbian Orthodox Church with a feast day on October 30. Milutin appears in the Dante Alighieri's narrative poem ''Divine Comedy''. Early life He was the youngest son of King Stefan Uroš I and his wife, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1321 Leper Scare
The 1321 lepers' plot was an alleged conspiracy of French lepers to spread their disease by contaminating water supplies, including well water, with their powders and poisons. According to the American historian Solomon Grayzel, lepers were the most abused group of people during the Middle Ages: they were thrown out of settlements and treated as wild animals due to the widespread belief that their disease was highly contagious. However, other historians have contested such a view, pointing out that lepers often lived within communities in leper houses (''leprosaria'') and were supported by charitable donations. As the alleged conspiracy progressed, Jews and Muslims were also said to be implicated, providing an excuse for local authorities to attack both Jewish and leper communities. The hysteria quickly spread to the neighbouring realms, most notably to the Kingdom of Aragon. France Rumours of a plot broke out in the spring of 1321 and terrified the people of southern France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward II Of England
Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also called Edward of Caernarfon, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. The fourth son of Edward I, Edward became the heir apparent to the throne following the death of his elder brother Alphonso. Beginning in 1300, Edward accompanied his father on invasions of Scotland. In 1306, he was knighted in a grand ceremony at Westminster Abbey. Following his father's death, Edward succeeded to the throne in 1307. He married Isabella, the daughter of the powerful King Philip IV of France, in 1308, as part of a long-running effort to resolve tensions between the English and French crowns. Edward had a close and controversial relationship with Piers Gaveston, who had joined his household in 1300. The precise nature of their relationship is uncertain; they may have been friends, lovers, or sworn brothers. Edward's relationship with Gaveston inspired Christopher Marlowe's 159 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andronikos III Palaiologos
, image = Andronikos_III_Palaiologos.jpg , caption = 14th-century miniature.Stuttgart, Württembergische Landesbibliothek. , succession = Byzantine emperor , reign = 24 May 1328 – 15 June 1341 , coronation = 2 February 1325 , cor-type1 = Coronation , predecessor = Andronikos II Palaiologos , successor = John V Palaiologos , spouse = Irene of Brunswick Anna of Savoy , issue = Irene, Empress of Trebizond Maria (renamed Irene) John V Palaiologos Michael Palaiologos , issue-link=#Family , issue-pipe = more... , house = Palaiologos , father = Michael IX Palaiologos , mother = Rita of Armenia , birth_date = 25 March 1297 , birth_place = Constantinople, Byzantine Empire(now Istanbul, Turkey) , death_date = 15 June 1341 (aged 44) , death_place = Constantinople, Byzantine Empire , burial_place= Andronikos III Palaiologos ( grc-x-medieval, Ἀνδρόνικος Δο ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugh Despenser The Younger
Hugh le Despenser, 1st Baron le Despenser (c. 1287/1289 – 24 November 1326), also referred to as "the Younger Despenser", was the son and heir of Hugh le Despenser, Earl of Winchester (the Elder Despenser), by his wife Isabella de Beauchamp, daughter of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick. He rose to national prominence as royal chamberlain and a favourite of Edward II of England. Despenser made many enemies amongst the nobility of England. After the overthrow of Edward, he was eventually charged with high treason and ultimately hanged, drawn and quartered. Titles and possessions Despenser the Younger rose to become Chamberlain and a close advisor to King Edward II, much as Despenser the Elder had been. Despenser the Younger claimed the Lordship of Glamorgan in 1317 through his wife Eleanor de Clare. He then accumulated more lands in the Welsh Marches and in England. At various points he was a knight of Hanley Castle in Worcestershire, Constable of Odiham Cast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spitakavor Monastery
Spitakavor Monastery (), is a 14th-century Armenian monastic complex, north of Vernashen village, near the town of Yeghegnadzor of Vayots Dzor Province, Armenia. Geography The Spitakavor Monastery is located on the slopes of Teksar mountain of the Vayots Dzor Province. The terrain is difficult, but the monastery can be reached on foot or with an all-terrain vehicle. It is about from the University of Gladzor's Museum and Tanahat Monastery and about to the Proshaberd fortress. Monastery and church Behind fortified walls lies buildings of white shaved (felsite, including the monastery, church, a bell-tower and vestibule. Its main monument is the Spitakavor Church of the Holy Mother of God (Spitakavor Church of Surp Astvatsatsin). Due to the number of springtime flowers that surround the monastery, it is sometimes called ''Tsaghkavank'' (the Monastery of Flowers) by the villagers of Vernashen. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John II, Marquess Of Montferrat
John II Palaeologus (5 February 1321 – 19 March 1372) was the Margrave of Montferrat from 1338. Career John was the son of Theodore I of Montferrat, with whom he was associated in the government from 1336. He had great fortune in extending the boundaries of the margraviate against his neighbours. With the help of his cousin Otto of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, John turned against the Angevins of Naples, who had large possessions in Piedmont and Savoy. On 9 October 1338, he was named governor of Asti. In 1343, when Robert, King of Naples died and his young granddaughter Joanna I took the crown, John took the opportunity to expand his control in northern Italy. By 1344, he had conquered Alessandria, Asti, Tortona, Bra and Alba. On 22 April 1345, at the Battle of Gamenario, he defeated the Angevine vicar Reforza d'Angoult, who died in the battle. With the tacit support of Luchino Visconti, John occupied Alba, Bra, Valenza and, in 1348, Cuneo. His power grew in 1355 when he acco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beylik Of Teke
The Anatolian beylik of Teke ( tr, Tekeoğulları Beyliği, 1321–1423), with its capital at Antalya, was one of the frontier principalities established by Oghuz Turkish clans after the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. History The Teke dynasty started with a split of territories between two brothers of the neighboring Beylik of Hamidid dynasty. Yunus Bey became the first ruler of the beylik. The inhabitants spoke Anatolian Turkish Legacy The Turkish province of Antalya was named the sub-province ('' sanjak'') of Teke until the early years of the Republic of Turkey. The peninsula west of Antalya is called Teke Peninsula. List of rulers #Yunus Bey (1319–1324) #Mahmud Bey (1324–1328) #Sinânüddin Hızır Bey (1328–1355) #Dadı Bey (1355–1360) #Mübârizüddin Mehmed Bey (1360–1380) #Osman Çelebi (1380–1391) #(Ottoman rule, 1391–1402) #Osman Çelebi (1402–1421) See also *Yivli Minare Mosque The Alaaddin Mosque or Yivli Minare Mosque (lite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Florence
The University of Florence (Italian: ''Università degli Studi di Firenze'', UniFI) is an Italian public research university located in Florence, Italy. It comprises 12 schools and has around 50,000 students enrolled. History The first university in Florence was the Studium Generale, which was established by the Florentine Republic in 1321. The Studium was recognized by Pope Clement VI in 1349, and authorized to grant regular degrees. The Pope also established that the first Italian faculty of theology would be in Florence. The Studium became an imperial university in 1364, but was moved to Pisa in 1473 when Lorenzo the Magnificent gained control of Florence. Charles VIII moved it back from 1497 to 1515, but it was moved to Pisa again when the Medici family returned to power. The modern university dates from 1859, when a group of disparate higher-studies institutions grouped together in the Istituto di Studi Pratici e di Perfezionamento, which a year later was recognized as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andronikos II Palaiologos
, image = Andronikos II Palaiologos2.jpg , caption = Miniature from the manuscript of George Pachymeres' ''Historia'' , succession = Byzantine emperor , reign = 11 December 1282 –24 May 1328 , coronation = 8 November 1272 , cor-type1 = Coronation , regent = Michael IX Palaiologos , reg-type = Co-emperor , predecessor = Michael VIII Palaiologos (alone) , successor = Andronikos III Palaiologos , spouse = Anna of Hungary Yolande of Montferrat , issue = Michael IX PalaiologosConstantine Palaiologos John Palaiologos Theodore I, Marquis of Montferrat Demetrios Palaiologos Simonis (Simonida Nemanjić), Queen of SerbiaIrene Palaiologina (wife of John II Doukas), Sebastokratorissa of Thessaly , issue-link = #Family , issue-pipe = more... , dynasty = Palaiologos , father = Michael VIII Palaiologos , mother = Theodora Palaiologina , birth_date = 25 March 1259 , birth_place = Nicaea, Empire of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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