İslâm III Giray
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İslâm III Giray, (reigned 1644–54, lived 1604–1654)(Crimean Tatar: III İslâm Geray, ۳اسلام كراى) was khan of the
Crimean Khanate The Crimean Khanate ( crh, , or ), officially the Great Horde and Desht-i Kipchak () and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary ( la, Tartaria Minor), was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783, the long ...
for ten years, interrupting the reign of his brother
Mehmed IV Giray Mehmed IV Giray, the Sufi (1610–1674), was khan of the Crimean Khanate in 1641–1644 and 1654–1666. His two reigns were interrupted by that of his brother Islyam III Giray. His first reign was uneventful, except for the recapture of Azov from ...
. He was khan during the
Khmelnytsky uprising The Khmelnytsky Uprising,; in Ukraine known as Khmelʹnychchyna or uk, повстання Богдана Хмельницького; lt, Chmelnickio sukilimas; Belarusian language, Belarusian: Паўстанне Багдана Хмяльніц ...
of the Cossacks against Poland.


Ancestors and early life

He was one of the many sons of khan Selyamet I (1608–10), three of whom were khans and four of whom were fathers of khans. See Selâmet I Giray#His sons. He was preceded and followed by his younger brother Mehmed IV. None of his sons were khans. Subsequent khans were mostly descended from his brother Bahadir. During the second reign of
Canibek Giray Canibek or Janibek Giray (1568–1636, reigned 1610–23, 1628–1635) was twice khan of the Crimean Khanate. During his first reign he fought for the Turks in Persia and Poland. He proved a poor commander and had difficulty making his men obey. ...
(1628–1635) he was a captive in Poland circa 1629–1632 Under
Bahadır I Giray Bahadir or Bahadır I Giray (1602–1641, reigned 1637–1641) was a khan of the Crimean Khanate. Much of his reign was spent dealing with Azov which had been captured by the Don Cossacks. Unlike many khans, he died of natural causes. He was the fa ...
(1637–41) he served as kalga. In 1637 or 1638 he led the Budjak Horde back to Crimea. In the winter of 1639–40 he captured 8000 Ukrainian slaves for the Turkish galleys. In 1641 Bahadir was followed by his and Islyam's brother
Mehmed IV Mehmed IV ( ota, محمد رابع, Meḥmed-i rābi; tr, IV. Mehmed; 2 January 1642 – 6 January 1693) also known as Mehmed the Hunter ( tr, Avcı Mehmed) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687. He came to the throne at the a ...
even though Islyam was older. Islyam went to Turkey and settled at a place called Sultania on the western side of the Dardanelles.


Reign

In 1644 the Ottoman Sultan dismissed Islyam's brother Mehmed IV and placed Islyam on the throne. Islyam appointed his younger brother Kyrym as kalga. As nureddin he continued Gazi, the son of his brother Mubarak. In 1651 Kyrym was killed at the
Battle of Berestechko The Battle of Berestechko ( pl, Bitwa pod Beresteczkiem; uk, Берестецька битва, Битва під Берестечком) was fought between the Ukrainian Cossacks, led by Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, aided by their Crimean Ta ...
and was replaced by Gazi, the new nureddin being Islyam's younger brother Adil. Kyrym, Mubarak and Adil were all fathers of khans. Islyam is remembered as a builder and successful administrator. He tended to appoint non-nobles without antagonizing the clan leaders. For the Ukrainian rebellion see below. In 1654 he died of natural causes. Khmelnytsky Uprising: The
Khmelnytsky Uprising The Khmelnytsky Uprising,; in Ukraine known as Khmelʹnychchyna or uk, повстання Богдана Хмельницького; lt, Chmelnickio sukilimas; Belarusian language, Belarusian: Паўстанне Багдана Хмяльніц ...
of the
Zaporozhian Cossacks The Zaporozhian Cossacks, Zaporozhian Cossack Army, Zaporozhian Host, (, or uk, Військо Запорізьке, translit=Viisko Zaporizke, translit-std=ungegn, label=none) or simply Zaporozhians ( uk, Запорожці, translit=Zaporoz ...
against Poland started in January 1648 when Khmelnytsky became hetman of the Cossacks. In March Khmelnytski went to Crimea and made an anti-Polish alliance . This gave him extra cavalry, mainly under Togay Bey. The Poles tried, with occasional success, to split the alliance. Crimean horsemen accompanied Khmelnytsky on this 1648 campaign when he got almost as far as
Lviv Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine ...
. Next year Islyam helped win the
Battle of Zboriv (1649) The Battle of Zboriv ( pl, Bitwa pod Zborowem, uk, Зборівська битва), during the Khmelnytsky Uprising, was fought near the vicinity of Zborów (village of Mlynivtsi, Ukraine) on the Strypa River, and near the Siege of Zbarazh. ...
. The withdrawing Tatars were permitted to ravage the country they passed through. Some claim that Islyam was bribed by the Poles and that he ravaged mostly Cossack territory. In 1651 the Poles sent a large army and won the
Battle of Beresteczko The Battle of Berestechko ( pl, Bitwa pod Beresteczkiem; uk, Берестецька битва, Битва під Берестечком) was fought between the Ukrainian Cossacks, led by Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, aided by their Crimean Ta ...
because the Tatars fled the field. Khmelnytsky went after them and was held hostage for a while by Islyam. In 1652, following the
Battle of Batih The Battle of Batoh, also Battle of Batih, was a battle in 1652 in which Polish-Lithuanian forces under hetman Marcin Kalinowski were defeated by a united army of Crimean Tatars and Zaporozhian Cossacks in what is now Ukraine. A day after the ...
, the Cossacks purchased the Polish prisoners from the Tatars and slaughtered them. Howorth says that in 1653 Islyam ravaged the country around Bar and Kaminetz and left after receiving a ransom.Howorth (1880), p551, following von Hammer (1856), needs a more modern source. Other sources have Islyam present at the
Battle of Zhvanets The Battle of Zhvanets, or the siege of Zhvanets ( pl, Bitwa pod Żwańcem) was one of battles of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. It took place between late August and mid-December 1653, when forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, together w ...
at about the same time. In January 1654, by the
Treaty of Pereyaslav The Pereiaslav AgreementPereyaslav Agreement
, the Cossacks accepted Russian supremacy, thereby provoking the
Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) The Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667, also called the Thirteen Years' War and the First Northern War, was a major conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Between 1655 and 1660, the Swedish invasion was a ...
. Islyam died shortly after.


Source and footnotes

*Henry Hoyle Howorth, History of the Mongols, 1880 (sic), Part 2, pp 547–552. ''Very old and possibly inaccurate in places.'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Islam 03 Giray 1604 births 1654 deaths Crimean Khans 17th-century rulers in Europe