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A triplestore or RDF store is a purpose-built database for the storage and retrieval of triples through semantic queries. A triple is a data entity composed of subject–
predicate Predicate or predication may refer to: * Predicate (grammar), in linguistics * Predication (philosophy) * several closely related uses in mathematics and formal logic: **Predicate (mathematical logic) **Propositional function **Finitary relation, o ...
–object, like "Bob is 35" or "Bob knows Fred". Much like a relational database, information in a triplestore is stored and retrieved via a
query language Query languages, data query languages or database query languages (DQL) are computer languages used to make queries in databases and information systems. A well known example is the Structured Query Language (SQL). Types Broadly, query language ...
. Unlike a relational database, a triplestore is optimized for the storage and retrieval of triples. In addition to queries, triples can usually be imported and exported using Resource Description Framework (RDF) and other formats.


Implementations

Some triplestores have been built as database engines from scratch, while others have been built on top of existing commercial relational database engines (such as SQL-based) or NoSQL document-oriented database engines. Like the early development of online analytical processing (OLAP) databases, this intermediate approach allowed large and powerful database engines to be constructed for little programming effort in the initial phases of triplestore development. It seems likely that native triplestores will have the advantage for performance over a longer period of time. A difficulty with implementing triplestores over SQL is that although "triples" may thus be "stored", implementing efficient querying of a graph-based RDF model (such as mapping from SPARQL) onto SQL queries is difficult.


Related database types

Adding a name to the triple makes a "quad store" or named graph. A graph database has a more generalized structure than a triplestore, using graph structures with nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store data. Graph databases might provide index-free adjacency, meaning every element contains a direct pointer to its adjacent elements, and no index lookups are necessary. General graph databases that can store any graph are distinct from specialized graph databases such as triplestores and network databases.


See also

*
Dataspaces Dataspaces are an abstraction in data management that aim to overcome some of the problems encountered in data integration system. The aim is to reduce the effort required to set up a data integration system by relying on existing matching and ma ...
* Entity–relationship model * – The first two elements of the ''class-attribute-value'' triple (class, attribute) are pieces of some structural metadata having a defined semantic. The third element is a value, preferably from some controlled vocabulary. *
Outline of databases The following is provided as an overview of and topical guide to databases: Database – organized collection of data, today typically in digital form. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality (for example, the av ...
*
Semantic Integration Semantic integration is the process of interrelating information from diverse sources, for example calendars and to do lists, email archives, presence information (physical, psychological, and social), documents of all sorts, contacts (including ...
*
Semantic MediaWiki Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) is an extension to MediaWiki that allows for annotating semantic data within wiki pages, thus turning a wiki that incorporates the extension into a semantic wiki. Data that has been encoded can be used in semantic search ...
— an example of subject-predicate-object support for wikis, advanced query support, and implementations by many large organizations * SPARQL – W3C specification involving subject-predicate-object triples **
List of SPARQL implementations This list shows notable triplestores, APIs, and other storages that have implemented the W3C SPARQL standard. * Amazon Neptune * Apache Marmotta *AllegroGraph * Eclipse RDF4J *Apache Jena with ARQ * Blazegraph * Cray Urika-GD * IBM Db2 - Removed i ...
*
Entity–attribute–value model Entity–attribute–value model (EAV) is a data model to encode, in a space-efficient manner, entities where the number of attributes (properties, parameters) that can be used to describe them is potentially vast, but the number that will actuall ...
is a similar approach to data modeling.


References


External links


A list of large triplestores

Lehigh University Benchmark (LUBM)

How RDF Databases Differ from Other NoSQL Solutions

W3C SPARQL Working Group
was RDF Data Access Working Group
SPARQL Query language

SPARQL Protocol

SPARQL 1.1 Update
W3C Recommendation 21 March 2013 {{Use dmy dates, date=March 2017 Types of databases Database management systems Database theory Metadata Semantic Web