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A tetramer () ('' tetra-'', "four" + '' -mer'', "parts") is an
A tetramer () ('' tetra-'', "four" + '' -mer'', "parts") is an oligomer
In chemistry and biochemistry, an oligomer () is a molecule that consists of a few repeating units which could be derived, actually or conceptually, from smaller molecules, monomers.Quote: ''Oligomer molecule: A molecule of intermediate relati ...
formed from four monomer
In chemistry, a monomer ( ; '' mono-'', "one" + '' -mer'', "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.
Classification
...
s or subunit
Subunit may refer to:
* Subunit HIV vaccine, a class of HIV vaccine
*Protein subunit, a protein molecule that assembles with other protein molecules
*Monomer, a molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer
* Sub-subunit, ...
s. The associated property is called ''tetramery''. An example from inorganic chemistry is titanium methoxide with the empirical formula Ti(OCH3)4, which is tetrameric in solid state and has the molecular formula Ti4(OCH3)16. An example from organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.Clayden, J ...
is kobophenol A
Kobophenol A is a stilbenoid. It is a tetramer of resveratrol. It can be isolated from '' Caragana chamlagu'',
, a substance that is formed by combining four molecules of resveratrol.
In biochemistry, it similarly refers to a biomolecule formed of four units, that are the same (homotetramer
A tetrameric protein is a protein with a quaternary structure of four subunits (tetrameric). Homotetramers have four identical subunits (such as glutathione S-transferase), and heterotetramers are complexes of different subunits. A tetramer c ...
), i.e. as in Concanavalin A or different (heterotetramer
A tetrameric protein is a protein with a quaternary structure of four subunits (tetrameric). Homotetramers have four identical subunits (such as glutathione S-transferase), and heterotetramers are complexes of different subunits. A tetramer c ...
), i.e. as in hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (haemoglobin BrE) (from the Greek word αἷμα, ''haîma'' 'blood' + Latin ''globus'' 'ball, sphere' + ''-in'') (), abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein present in red blood cells (erythroc ...
. Hemoglobin has 4 similar sub-units while immunoglobulin
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of th ...
s have 2 very different sub-units. The different sub-units may have each their own activity, such as binding biotin
Biotin (or vitamin B7) is one of the B vitamins. It is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms, primarily related to the utilization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids. The name ''biotin'', bo ...
in avidin tetramers, or have a common biological property, such as the allosteric binding of oxygen
Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements ...
in hemoglobin.
See also
*Cluster chemistry
In chemistry, an atom cluster (or simply cluster) is an ensemble of bound atoms or molecules that is intermediate in size between a simple molecule and a nanoparticle; that is, up to a few nanometers (nm) in diameter. The term ''microclus ...
; atomic and molecular clusters
* Tetrameric protein
* '' Tetramerium'', a genus of plants belonging to the family Acanthaceae
* Tetramery (botany) Merosity (from the greek "méros," which means "having parts") refers to the number of component parts in a distinct whorl of a plant structure. The term is most commonly used in the context of a flower where it refers to the number of sepals in a ...
, having four parts in a distinct whorl of a plant structure
References
Tetramers (chemistry) {{chemistry-stub