A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluka, or taluk) is a local unit of
administrative division in some countries of
South Asia. It is a subdistrict of the area within a
district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivision ...
including the designated populated place that serves as its administrative centre, with possible additional towns, and usually a number of
village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town (although the word is often used to describe both hamlets and smaller towns), with a population typically ranging from a few hundred ...
s. The terms in India have replaced earlier terms, such as ''
pargana'' (''
pergunnah'') and ''
thana''.
In
Andhra Pradesh and
Telangana, a newer unit called mandal (circle) has come to replace the system of tehsils. It is generally smaller than a tehsil, and is meant for facilitating local self-government in the panchayat system.
In West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand,
community development blocks are the empowered grassroots administrative unit, replacing tehsils.
As an entity of
local government, the tehsil office (
panchayat samiti) exercises certain
fiscal and
administrative power over the villages and
municipalities
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality'' may also mean the ...
within its jurisdiction. It is the ultimate executive agency for
land records and related administrative matters. The chief official is called the ''
tehsildar'' or, less officially, the ''talukdar'' or ''taluka muktiarkar''. Taluk or tehsil can be considered sub-districts in the Indian context. In some instances, tehsils overlap with "blocks" (panchayat union blocks or panchayat development blocks) and come under the land and revenue department, headed by the tehsildar; and blocks come under the
rural development department, headed by the block development officer and serve different government administrative functions over the same or similar geographical area.
Although they may on occasion share the same area with a subdivision of a revenue division, known as
revenue blocks, the two are distinct. For example,
Raipur district in Chhattisgarh state is administratively divided into 13 tehsils and 15 revenue blocks. Nevertheless, the two are often conflated.
Background
India, as a vast country, is subdivided into many states and union territories for administrative purposes. Further ''
divisions'' of these states are known as
districts. These districts (jilla/zilla) are again divided into many
subdivisions, viz tehsils or talukas. These subdivisions are again divided into
gram panchayats or village panchayaths. Initially, this was done for collecting land revenue and administration purposes. But now these subdivisions are governed in tandem with other departments of government like education, agriculture, irrigation, health, police, etc. The different departments of state government generally have offices at tehsil or taluka level to facilitate good governance and to provide facilities to common people easily.
Nomenclature
In India, the term ''tehsil'' is commonly used in all northern states. In Maharashtra, Gujarat, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, ''taluka or taluk'' is more common. In
Eastern India, instead of tehsils, the term
Subdivisions are used in
Bihar,
Assam,
Jharkhand, and
West Bengal, as well as large parts of
Northeast India. In
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh (, ) is a state in Northeastern India. It was formed from the erstwhile North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and became a state on 20 February 1987. It borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south. It shares ...
, they are called ''circles''.
Tehsil/tahsil and taluka/taluk and the variants are used as English words without further translation. Since these terms are unfamiliar to English speakers outside the
subcontinent, the word ''
county'' has sometimes been provided as a
gloss, on the basis that a tehsil, like a county, is an administrative unit hierarchically above the local city, town, or village, but subordinate to a larger state or province. India and Pakistan have an intermediate level of hierarchy (or more than one, at least in parts of India): the
district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivision ...
, also sometimes translated as ''county''. In neither case is the analogy very exact.
Organization setup
Tehsildar is the chief or key government officer of each tehsil or taluka. In some states different nomenclature like talukdar, mamledar, amaldar, mandal officer is used. In many states of India, the tehsildar works as a magistrate. Each taluka will have an office called taluka office or tehsil office or tehsildar office at a designated place within taluka area known as taluka headquarters. Tehsildar is the incharge of taluka office. This is similar to district office or district collector at district level.
Throughout India, there is a three-tier local body/
Panchayati Raj system within the state. At the top is the jilla/zilla panchayat (parishad). Taluka/Mandal Panchayat/Community Development Block is the second layer of this system and below them are the
gram panchayat
Gram Panchayat () is a basic village-governing institute in Indian villages. It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in India. It is a political institute, acting as cabinet of the village. The Gram Sabha work as the general bod ...
s or village panchayats. These panchayats at all three levels have elected members from eligible voters of particular subdivisions. These elected members form the bodies which help the administration in policy-making, development works, and bringing grievances of the common public to the notice of the administration.
Nayabat is the lower part of tehsil which have some powers like tehsil. It can be understood as tehsil is the sub-district of a district, similarly, Nayabat is the sub-tehsil of a tehsil.
See also
*
Administrative divisions of India
**
List of subdistricts in India
India uses a plethora of terms to denote the large number of subdistricts across its 28 states and 8 union territories. The most commonly used term, prevalent across states in North India and widely used by the union government is tehsil. ...
*
Tehsil in Pakistan
**
List of tehsils in Pakistan
*
Taluqdar, a land holder and tax collector
*
Tehsildar, a revenue administrative officer
*
Village accountant
References
External links
2001 mapsprovides maps of social, economic and demographic data of India in 2001
{{Types of administrative country subdivision
Types of administrative division
Urdu-language words and phrases
Hindi words and phrases
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