saturation (commutative algebra)
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Saturation, saturated, unsaturation or unsaturated may refer to:


Chemistry

* Saturation, a property of organic compounds referring to carbon-carbon bonds ** Saturated and unsaturated compounds **
Degree of unsaturation In the analysis of the molecular formula of organic molecules, the degree of unsaturation (also known as the index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD), double bond equivalents, or unsaturation index) is a calculation that determines the total number of r ...
** Saturated fat or fatty acid ** Unsaturated fat or fatty acid * Non-susceptibility of an organometallic compound to
oxidative addition Oxidative addition and reductive elimination are two important and related classes of reactions in organometallic chemistry. Oxidative addition is a process that increases both the oxidation state and coordination number of a metal centre. Oxid ...
* Saturation of protein
binding sites In biochemistry and molecular biology, a binding site is a region on a macromolecule such as a protein that binds to another molecule with specificity. The binding partner of the macromolecule is often referred to as a ligand. Ligands may includ ...
* Saturation of enzymes with a substrate * Saturation of a solute in a solution, as related to the solute's maximum
solubility In chemistry, solubility is the ability of a substance, the solute, to form a solution with another substance, the solvent. Insolubility is the opposite property, the inability of the solute to form such a solution. The extent of the solub ...
at equilibrium ** Supersaturation, where the concentration of a solute exceeds its maximum solubility at equilibrium **
Undersaturation Undersaturation is a state of a solution that contains less of a dissolved material than could be dissolved by that quantity of solvent under normal circumstances. It can also refer to a vapor of a compound that has a lower (partial) pressure than ...
, where the concentration of a solute is less than its maximum solubility at equilibrium


Biology

*
Oxygen saturation Oxygen saturation (symbol SO2) is a relative measure of the concentration of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium as a proportion of the maximal concentration that can be dissolved in that medium at the given temperature. It ca ...
, a clinical measure of the amount of oxygen in a patient's blood * Saturation pollination, a pollination technique * Saturated mutagenesis, a form of site-directed mutagenesis * Saturation (genetic), the observed number of mutations relative to the maximum amount possible * Ocean saturation, more than 2.3 billion years ago: see " Great Oxygenation Event" * Environmental saturation, environmental resistance to population growth: see " Logistic function" and " Carrying capacity"


Physics

* Colorfulness ยง Saturation, see also: " Saturation intent", a rendering intent in color management * Thermodynamic state at lower temperature bound of superheated steam * Saturation (magnetic), the state when a magnetic material is fully magnetized *
Saturated fluid Saturation, saturated, unsaturation or unsaturated may refer to: Chemistry * Saturation, a property of organic compounds referring to carbon-carbon bonds **Saturated and unsaturated compounds ** Degree of unsaturation **Saturated fat or fatty aci ...
or saturated vapor, contains as much thermal energy as it can without boiling or condensing **
Saturated steam Steam is a substance containing water in the gas phase, and sometimes also an aerosol of liquid water droplets, or air. This may occur due to evaporation or due to boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization ...
*
Dew point The dew point is the temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor, assuming constant air pressure and water content. When cooled below the dew point, moisture capacity is reduced and airborne water vapor will cond ...
, which is a temperature that occurs when atmospheric
relative humidity Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. Humidity dep ...
reaches 100% and the air is saturated with moisture *
Saturated absorption In experimental atomic physics, saturated absorption spectroscopy or Doppler-free spectroscopy is a set-up that enables the precise determination of the transition frequency of an atom between its ground state and an optically excited state. The acc ...
, a set-up that enables the precise determination of the transition frequency of an atom between its ground state and an optically excited state


Electronics

*
Saturation velocity Saturation velocity is the maximum velocity a charge carrier in a semiconductor, generally an electron, attains in the presence of very high electric fields. When this happens, the semiconductor is said to be in a state of velocity saturation. Cha ...
, the maximum velocity charge carrier in a semiconductor attains in the presence of very high electric fields * Saturation, a region of operation of a *
Saturation current The saturation current (or scale current), more accurately the reverse saturation current, is the part of the reverse current in a semiconductor diode caused by diffusion of minority carriers from the neutral regions to the depletion region. This ...
, limit of flowing current through a device


Hydrology

*
Saturated zone The phreatic zone, saturated zone, or zone of saturation, is the part of an aquifer, below the water table, in which relatively all pores and fractures are saturated with water. Above the water table is the unsaturated or vadose zone. The phre ...
, below the groundwater table *
Unsaturated zone The vadose zone, also termed the unsaturated zone, is the part of Earth between the land surface and the top of the phreatic zone, the position at which the groundwater (the water in the soil's pores) is at atmospheric pressure ("vadose" is f ...
, above the groundwater table * Soil saturation, water content in a soil


Mathematics

* Saturation (commutative algebra), the inverse image of the localization of an ideal or submodule *
Saturated model In mathematical logic, and particularly in its subfield model theory, a saturated model ''M'' is one that realizes as many complete types as may be "reasonably expected" given its size. For example, an ultrapower model of the hyperreals is \ ...
, a concept in mathematical logic * Saturation arithmetic, in arithmetic, a version of arithmetic in which all operations are limited to fixed range *
Saturation (graph theory) Saturation, saturated, unsaturation or unsaturated may refer to: Chemistry * Saturation, a property of organic compounds referring to carbon-carbon bonds ** Saturated and unsaturated compounds **Degree of unsaturation ** Saturated fat or fatty ac ...
, a categorization of vertices in graph theory * Saturated measure, if every locally measurable set is also measurable * Saturated multiplicatively closed sets, a concept in ring theory


Music

* " Saturation (song)", a 1997 single by Australian group The Superjesus * ''Saturation'' (Urge Overkill album), 1993 * ''Saturation'' (Vas Deferens Organization album), 1996 * ''Saturation'' (Brockhampton album), 2017 (Also see ''
Saturation II ''Saturation II'' (stylized in all caps) is the second studio album by American boy band Brockhampton, released on August 25, 2017. Production is primarily handled by Romil Hemnani, alongside production duo Q3 (composed of Jabari Manwa and Kiko Me ...
'' and ''
Saturation III ''Saturation III'' (stylized in all caps) is the third studio album by American boy band Brockhampton, released on December 15, 2017. Production is predominantly handled by Romil Hemnani, alongside production duo Q3 (composed of Jabari Manwa and ...
'')


Other uses

*
Market saturation In economics, market saturation is a situation in which a product has become diffused (distributed) within a market; the actual level of saturation can depend on consumer purchasing power; as well as competition, prices, and technology. Theory ...
, in economics *
Saturation diving Saturation diving is diving for periods long enough to bring all tissues into equilibrium with the partial pressures of the inert components of the breathing gas used. It is a diving mode that reduces the number of decompressions divers working ...


See also

* Saturate (disambiguation) * Saturation point (disambiguation) * * * {{disambiguation